2021 AMC 12B Spring 第 12 题

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12.

假设 SS 是一个由正整数组成的有限集合。如果将 SS 中的最大整数从 SS 中移除,则剩余整数的平均值(算术平均数)为 3232。如果再移除 SS 中的最小整数,则剩余整数的平均值为 3535。如果随后把最大整数放回集合,整数的平均值升至 4040。原集合 SS 中最大整数比 SS 中最小整数大 7272。集合 SS 中所有整数的平均值是多少?

Suppose that SS is a finite set of positive integers. If the greatest integer in SS is removed from S,S, then the average value (arithmetic mean) of the integers remaining is 32.32. If the least integer in SS is also removed, then the average value of the integers remaining is 35.35. If the greatest integer is then returned to the set, the average value of the integers rises to 40.40. The greatest integer in the original set SS is 7272 greater than the least integer in S.S. What is the average value of all the integers in the set S?S?

36.236.2

36.436.4

36.636.6

36.836.8

3737

答案:D
知识点:平均数方程组
难度评级:1630
解答:

n=Sn=|S|TT 为总和,MM 为最大数,LL 为最小数。则 TMn1=32\dfrac{T-M}{n-1}=32TMLn2=35\dfrac{T-M-L}{n-2}=35, 且 TLn1=40\dfrac{T-L}{n-1}=40

用第三个方程减第一个方程:MLn1=8\dfrac{M-L}{n-1}=8。 因为 ML=72M-L=72, 得 n1=9n-1=9, 所以 n=10n=10

于是 TM=288T-M=288,且 TL=360T-L=360。中间的方程给出 TML=358=280T-M-L=35\cdot 8=280,所以 L=288280=8L=288-280=8M=80M=80

因此 T=288+80=368T=288+80=368, 平均值为 36810=36.8\dfrac{368}{10}=36.8

所以正确答案是 D

Let n=S,n=|S|, let TT be the total, MM the greatest, and LL the least. Then TMn1=32,\dfrac{T-M}{n-1}=32, TMLn2=35,\dfrac{T-M-L}{n-2}=35, and TLn1=40.\dfrac{T-L}{n-1}=40.

Subtracting the first from the third: MLn1=8.\dfrac{M-L}{n-1}=8. Since ML=72,M-L=72, we get n1=9,n-1=9, so n=10.n=10.

Then TM=288T-M=288 and TL=360.T-L=360. The middle equation gives TML=358=280,T-M-L=35\cdot 8=280, so L=288280=8L=288-280=8 and M=80.M=80.

Thus T=288+80=368,T=288+80=368, and the average is 36810=36.8.\dfrac{368}{10}=36.8.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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