2019 AMC 12B 第 12 题

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12.

如图,等腰直角三角形 ABCABC 的直角边长为 11。在其斜边 AC\overline{AC} 上向外作直角三角形 ACDACD,其直角在 CC,且两个三角形的周长相等。sin(2BAD)\sin(2\angle BAD) 是多少?

Right triangle ACDACD with right angle at CC is constructed outwards on the hypotenuse AC\overline{AC} of isosceles right triangle ABCABC with leg length 1,1, as shown, so that the two triangles have equal perimeters. What is sin(2BAD)?\sin(2\angle BAD)?

13\dfrac{1}{3}

22\dfrac{\sqrt2}{2}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

79\dfrac{7}{9}

32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

答案:D
知识点:直角三角形三角恒等式
难度评级:1700
解答:

三角形 ABCABC 的周长为 1+1+2=2+21+1+\sqrt2=2+\sqrt2,且 AC=2AC=\sqrt2。 在 ACD\triangle ACD 中设 CD=dCD=dAD=2+d2AD=\sqrt{2+d^2},周长相等给出 2+d+2+d2=2+2. \sqrt2+d+\sqrt{2+d^2}=2+\sqrt2.

因此 2+d2=2d\sqrt{2+d^2}=2-d, 所以 2+d2=44d+d22+d^2=4-4d+d^2, 得 d=12d=\dfrac12AD=32AD=\dfrac32

因为 BAC=45\angle BAC=45^\circ, 令 θ=CAD\theta=\angle CAD2BAD=90+2θ2\angle BAD=90^\circ+2\theta, 所以 sin(2BAD)=cos2θ\sin(2\angle BAD)=\cos 2\theta。 又 tanθ=CDAC=122\tan\theta=\dfrac{CD}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt2}, 因此 cos2θ=1tan2θ1+tan2θ=1181+18=79. \begin{gathered} \cos2\theta=\dfrac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta} \\ =\dfrac{1-\tfrac18}{1+\tfrac18}=\dfrac{7}{9}. \end{gathered}

所以正确答案是 D

Triangle ABCABC has perimeter 1+1+2=2+21+1+\sqrt2=2+\sqrt2 and AC=2.AC=\sqrt2. In ACD\triangle ACD let CD=d,CD=d, so AD=2+d2AD=\sqrt{2+d^2} and equal perimeters give 2+d+2+d2=2+2. \sqrt2+d+\sqrt{2+d^2}=2+\sqrt2.

Then 2+d2=2d,\sqrt{2+d^2}=2-d, so 2+d2=44d+d2,2+d^2=4-4d+d^2, giving d=12d=\dfrac12 and AD=32.AD=\dfrac32.

Since BAC=45,\angle BAC=45^\circ, writing θ=CAD\theta=\angle CAD gives 2BAD=90+2θ,2\angle BAD=90^\circ+2\theta, so sin(2BAD)=cos2θ.\sin(2\angle BAD)=\cos 2\theta. With tanθ=CDAC=122,\tan\theta=\dfrac{CD}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt2}, we get cos2θ=1tan2θ1+tan2θ=1181+18=79. \begin{gathered} \cos2\theta=\dfrac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta} \\ =\dfrac{1-\tfrac18}{1+\tfrac18}=\dfrac{7}{9}. \end{gathered}

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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