2012 AMC 12A 第 12 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

一个正方形区域 ABCDABCD 在边 CDCD 上的点 (0,1)(0, 1) 处与方程为 x2+y2=1x^2 + y^2 = 1 的圆外切。顶点 AABB 在方程为 x2+y2=4x^2 + y^2 = 4 的圆上。这个正方形的边长是多少?

A square region ABCDABCD is externally tangent to the circle with equation x2+y2=1x^2 + y^2 = 1 at the point (0,1)(0, 1) on the side CD.CD. Vertices AA and BB are on the circle with equation x2+y2=4.x^2 + y^2 = 4. What is the side length of this square?

10+510\dfrac{\sqrt{10} + 5}{10}

255\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}}{5}

223\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}

21945\dfrac{2\sqrt{19} - 4}{5}

9175\dfrac{9 - \sqrt{17}}{5}

答案:D
知识点:坐标几何二次方程对称性
难度评级:1770
解答:

由对称性,设 A=(a,b)A = (a, b),其中 a>0a \gt 0,且 B=(a,b)B = (-a, b)。正方形位于切点 (0,1)(0,1) 上方,所以它的水平宽度为 2a2a,高度为 b1b - 1

由于二者相等,2a=b12a = b - 1,因此 b=2a+1b = 2a + 1

代入 a2+b2=4a^2 + b^2 = 4,得到 5a2+4a3=05a^2 + 4a - 3 = 0。正根为 a=1925a = \dfrac{\sqrt{19} - 2}{5},所以边长为 2a=219452a = \dfrac{2\sqrt{19} - 4}{5}

因此,正确答案是 D

By symmetry let A=(a,b)A = (a, b) with a>0a \gt 0 and B=(a,b).B = (-a, b). The square sits on the tangent point (0,1),(0,1), so its horizontal width is 2a2a and its height is b1.b - 1.

Since these are equal, 2a=b1,2a = b - 1, giving b=2a+1.b = 2a + 1.

Substituting into a2+b2=4a^2 + b^2 = 4 yields 5a2+4a3=0.5a^2 + 4a - 3 = 0. The positive root is a=1925,a = \dfrac{\sqrt{19} - 2}{5}, so the side length is 2a=21945.2a = \dfrac{2\sqrt{19} - 4}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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