2020 AMC 12B 第 12 题

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12.

AB\overline{AB} 是半径为 525\sqrt2 的圆的一条直径。CD\overline{CD} 是圆中的一条弦, 与 AB\overline{AB} 相交于点 EE,且满足 BE=25BE = 2\sqrt5AEC=45\angle AEC = 45^\circ。 求 CE2+DE2CE^2 + DE^2

Let AB\overline{AB} be a diameter in a circle of radius 52.5\sqrt2. Let CD\overline{CD} be a chord in the circle that intersects AB\overline{AB} at a point EE such that BE=25BE = 2\sqrt5 and AEC=45.\angle AEC = 45^\circ. What is CE2+DE2?CE^2 + DE^2?

9696

9898

44544\sqrt{5}

70270\sqrt{2}

100100

答案:E
知识点:坐标几何韦达定理
难度评级:1630
解答:

将圆心置于原点,AB\overline{AB} 放在 xx-轴上;半径为 R=52R = 5\sqrt2,所以 R2=50R^2 = 50。于是 E=(xE,0)E = (x_E, 0),其中 xE=R25x_E = R - 2\sqrt5,但它的具体值不需要算出。

把弦参数化为 E+t(12,12)E + t\left(\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}, \tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)。代入圆方程 x2+y2=50x^2 + y^2 = 50 得到 t2+2xEt+(xE250)=0t^2 + \sqrt2\,x_E\, t + (x_E^2 - 50) = 0,其根 t1,t2t_1, t_2 是到 CCDD 的有向距离。

由韦达定理,t1+t2=2xEt_1 + t_2 = -\sqrt2\,x_E,且 t1t2=xE250t_1 t_2 = x_E^2 - 50,所以 CE2+DE2=t12+t22=(t1+t2)22t1t2=2xE22(xE250)=100. \begin{gathered} CE^2 + DE^2 = t_1^2 + t_2^2 \\ {}= (t_1 + t_2)^2 - 2t_1 t_2 \\ {}= 2x_E^2 - 2(x_E^2 - 50) \\ {}= 100. \end{gathered}

所以正确答案是 E

Place the center at the origin with AB\overline{AB} on the xx-axis; the radius is R=52,R = 5\sqrt2, so R2=50.R^2 = 50. Then E=(xE,0)E = (x_E, 0) with xE=R25x_E = R - 2\sqrt5 (its exact value is not needed).

Parametrize the chord as E+t(12,12).E + t\left(\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}, \tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\right). Substituting into x2+y2=50x^2 + y^2 = 50 gives t2+2xEt+(xE250)=0,t^2 + \sqrt2\,x_E\, t + (x_E^2 - 50) = 0, whose roots are the signed distances t1,t2t_1, t_2 to CC and D.D.

By Vieta, t1+t2=2xEt_1 + t_2 = -\sqrt2\,x_E and t1t2=xE250,t_1 t_2 = x_E^2 - 50, so CE2+DE2=t12+t22=(t1+t2)22t1t2=2xE22(xE250)=100. \begin{gathered} CE^2 + DE^2 = t_1^2 + t_2^2 \\ {}= (t_1 + t_2)^2 - 2t_1 t_2 \\ {}= 2x_E^2 - 2(x_E^2 - 50) \\ {}= 100. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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