2024 AMC 12B 第 4 题

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4.

编号为 1,2,3,1, 2, 3, \ldots 的球按如下步骤放入标为 A,B,C,DA, B, C, DEE55 个箱子。球 11 放入箱 AA,球 2233 放入箱 BB。接下来的三个球放入箱 CC,接下来的 44 个球放入箱 DD,如此继续,放入箱 EE 后再循环回箱 AA。(例如球 22,23,,2822, 23, \ldots, 28 在此过程第 77 步放入箱 BB。)球 20242024 放入哪个箱?

Balls numbered 1,2,3,1, 2, 3, \ldots are deposited in 55 bins, labeled A,B,C,D,A, B, C, D, and E,E, using the following procedure. Ball 11 is deposited in bin A,A, and balls 22 and 33 are deposited in B.B. The next three balls are deposited in bin C,C, the next 44 in bin D,D, and so on, cycling back to bin AA after balls are deposited in bin E.E. (For example, 22,23,,2822, 23, \ldots, 28 are deposited in bin BB at step 77 of this process.) In which bin is ball 20242024 deposited?

AA

BB

CC

DD

EE

答案:D
知识点:三角形数模运算
难度评级:1270
解答:

kk 步放入 kk 个球,所以第 kk 步后共放入 k(k+1)2\dfrac{k(k+1)}{2} 个球。又 63642=2016\dfrac{63 \cdot 64}{2} = 201664652=2080\dfrac{64 \cdot 65}{2} = 2080,所以球 20242024 在第 6464 步。

步骤按 A,B,C,D,EA, B, C, D, E 循环,所以第 kk 步使用位置 (k1)mod5(k-1) \bmod 5 的箱。这里 (641)mod5=63mod5=3(64 - 1) \bmod 5 = 63 \bmod 5 = 3,即第四个箱 DD

所以正确答案是 D

Step kk deposits kk balls, so after step kk a total of k(k+1)2\dfrac{k(k+1)}{2} balls have been placed. Since 63642=2016\dfrac{63 \cdot 64}{2} = 2016 and 64652=2080,\dfrac{64 \cdot 65}{2} = 2080, ball 20242024 falls in step 64.64.

The steps cycle through the bins A,B,C,D,E,A, B, C, D, E, so step kk uses position (k1)mod5.(k-1) \bmod 5. Here (641)mod5=63mod5=3,(64 - 1) \bmod 5 = 63 \bmod 5 = 3, which is the fourth bin, D.D.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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