2021 AMC 12B Fall 第 5 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 12B Fall 第 5 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 12B Fall 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

5.

若分数 ab\dfrac{a}{b} 的正整数分子 aa 与分母 bb 之和为 1515 则称该分数为特殊分数,分数不必是最简形式。有多少个不同的整数可以表示为两个特殊分数之和?这两个分数可以相同。
Call a fraction ab,\dfrac{a}{b}, not necessarily in the simplest form, special if aa and bb are positive integers whose sum is 15.15. How many distinct integers can be written as the sum of two, not necessarily different, special fractions?
99
1010
1111
1212
1313
答案:C
知识点:分数分类讨论
小提示:
列出所有特殊分数,并注意其中哪些是整数、哪些是半整数、哪些是四分之一整数。
List the special fractions and note which are integers, half-integers, or quarter-integers
大提示:
两个特殊分数之和为整数时,它们的小数部分之和也必须为整数。
Two specials sum to an integer only when their fractional parts cancel
解答:
对 1≤a≤141\le a\le14 逐一列出 a15−a\frac{a}{15-a}:其中的整数是 2,4,142,4,14;小数部分为 12\frac{1}{2} 的分数是 12,32,132\tfrac12,\tfrac32,\tfrac{13}{2};而 14,114\tfrac14,\tfrac{11}{4} 的小数部分互补,分别为 14,34\frac{1}{4},\frac{3}{4}。
其余的小数部分是 114,213,411,23,78,17\frac{1}{14},\frac{2}{13},\frac{4}{11},\frac{2}{3},\frac{7}{8},\frac{1}{7},而它们各自的补数都没有出现。因此只有整数、半整数和四分之一这三类才可能凑出整数和。
整数对给出 4,6,8,16,18,284, 6, 8, 16, 18, 28。半整数对 (12,32,132)\left(\tfrac12, \tfrac32, \tfrac{13}{2}\right) 给出 1,2,3,7,8,131, 2, 3, 7, 8, 13。四分之一型的一对 14+114\tfrac14 + \tfrac{11}{4} 给出 33。
去重后得到 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,13,16,18,281, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 18, 28 共 1111 个不同整数。
所以正确答案是 C。
Listing a15−a\frac{a}{15-a} for 1≤a≤14,1\le a\le14, the integers are 2,4,14;2,4,14; the fractions with fractional part 12\frac{1}{2} are 12,32,132;\tfrac12,\tfrac32,\tfrac{13}{2}; and 14,114\tfrac14,\tfrac{11}{4} have complementary fractional parts 14,34.\frac{1}{4},\frac{3}{4}.
The remaining fractional parts are 114,213,411,23,78,17,\frac{1}{14},\frac{2}{13},\frac{4}{11},\frac{2}{3},\frac{7}{8},\frac{1}{7}, and none of their complements occurs. Thus only the integer, half-integer, and quarter cases can give integer sums.
Integer pairs give 4,6,8,16,18,28.4, 6, 8, 16, 18, 28. Half-integer pairs (12,32,132)\left(\tfrac12, \tfrac32, \tfrac{13}{2}\right) give 1,2,3,7,8,13.1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 13. The quarter pair 14+114\tfrac14 + \tfrac{11}{4} gives 3.3.
The distinct integers are 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,13,16,18,28,1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 18, 28, a total of 11.11.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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