2008 AMC 12B 第 5 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

5.

一个班级筹集了 $50\$50 为住院同学买花。玫瑰每朵 $3\$3,康乃馨每朵 $2\$2。不使用其他花。恰好花完 $50\$50 可以购买多少种不同的花束?

A class collects $50\$50 to buy flowers for a classmate who is in the hospital. Roses cost $3\$3 each, and carnations cost $2\$2 each. No other flowers are to be used. How many different bouquets could be purchased for exactly $50?\$50?

11

77

99

1616

1717

答案:C
知识点:丢番图方程奇偶性
难度评级:1270
解答:

rr 为玫瑰数量,cc 为康乃馨数量,则 3r+2c=503r + 2c = 50,其中 r,c0r, c \ge 0

因为 2c2c5050 都是偶数,3r3r 必须是偶数,所以 rr 是偶数。最大的 rr1616(因为 317>503 \cdot 17 \gt 50),所以 r{0,2,4,,16}r \in \{0, 2, 4, \ldots, 16\}

这给出 99rr 的值,每个值都确定一种花束。

因此,正确答案是 C

Let rr be the number of roses and cc the number of carnations, so 3r+2c=503r + 2c = 50 with r,c0.r, c \ge 0.

Because 2c2c and 5050 are even, 3r3r must be even, forcing rr to be even. The largest possible rr is 1616 (since 317>503 \cdot 17 \gt 50), so r{0,2,4,,16}.r \in \{0, 2, 4, \ldots, 16\}.

That gives 99 values of r,r, each determining a bouquet.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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