2022 AMC 12B 第 4 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

4.

有多少个常数 kk,使多项式 x2+kx+36x^2 + kx + 36 有两个不同的整数根?

For how many values of the constant kk will the polynomial x2+kx+36x^2 + kx + 36 have two distinct integer roots?

66

88

99

1414

1616

答案:B
知识点:韦达定理因数系统列举
难度评级:1200
解答:

若整数根为 ppqqpq=36pq = 36,且 k=(p+q)k = -(p+q) 不同的根必须满足同号,所以列出 3636 的因子对,并要求 pqp \ne q

正因子对为 (1,36),(2,18),(3,12),(4,9)(1,36), (2,18), (3,12), (4,9) 负因子对为 (1,36)(-1,-36) (2,18)(-2,-18) (3,12)(-3,-12) (4,9)(-4,-9) 因为要求两根不同,排除 (6,6)(6,6)

88 个因子对各给出一个不同的 kk 值。

所以正确答案是 B

If the roots are integers pp and q,q, then pq=36pq = 36 and k=(p+q).k = -(p+q). Distinct roots must have the same sign, so we list factor pairs of 3636 with pq.p \ne q.

The positive pairs are (1,36),(2,18),(3,12),(4,9),(1,36), (2,18), (3,12), (4,9), and the negative pairs are (1,36),(-1,-36), (2,18),(-2,-18), (3,12),(-3,-12), (4,9).(-4,-9). The pair (6,6)(6,6) is excluded since the roots must be distinct.

Each of these 88 pairs gives a different value of k.k.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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