2018 AMC 12A 第 2 题

先试着解答 2018 AMC 12A 第 2 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2018 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

2.

Carl 在探索洞穴时发现一批石头:55 磅重的石头每块价值 $1414,44 磅重的石头每块价值 $1111,11 磅重的石头每块价值 $22。每种大小至少有 2020 块。他最多能携带 1818 磅。按美元计,他最多能从洞穴中带出价值多少的石头?
While exploring a cave, Carl comes across a collection of 55-pound rocks worth $1414 each, 44-pound rocks worth $1111 each, and 11-pound rocks worth $22 each. There are at least 2020 of each size. He can carry at most 1818 pounds. What is the maximum value, in dollars, of the rocks he can carry out of the cave?
4848
4949
5050
5151
5252
答案:C
知识点:最优化分类讨论
小提示:
比较每磅价值:三种石头分别是 $2.80\$2.80,$2.75\$2.75,和 $2\$2。
Compare the value per pound: $2.80,\$2.80, $2.75,\$2.75, and $2\$2 for the three rock sizes
大提示:
装满 1818 磅比总是选每磅价值最高的石头更重要;试试两块 55 磅石头和两块 44 磅石头
Filling the full 1818 pounds matters more than always grabbing the best per-pound rock; try two 55-pound and two 44-pound rocks
解答:
三种石头每磅分别价值 $2.802.80、$2.752.75 和 $22。对每一种可能的 55 磅石头数量,尽量装入 44 磅石头,再用 11 磅石头填满剩余容量。取 0,1,20,1,2 或 33 块 55 磅石头时,最大价值分别为 $4848、$4949、$5050 和 $4848。
因此,两块 55 磅石头和两块 44 磅石头恰好用满 1818 磅,最大价值是 $5050。所以正确答案是 C。
The rocks are worth $2.80,2.80, $2.75,2.75, and $22 per pound, respectively. For each possible number of 55-pound rocks, use as many 44-pound rocks as fit and fill any leftover capacity with 11-pound rocks. Taking 0,1,2,0,1,2, or 33 of the 55-pound rocks gives maximum values $48,48, $49,49, $50,50, and $48,48, respectively.
Thus two 55-pound and two 44-pound rocks use all 1818 pounds, and the maximum value is $50.50. Thus, the correct answer is C.
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