1979 AMC 12 第 28 题

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28.

AABBCC 为圆心的三个圆半径均为 rr,其中 1<r<21\lt r\lt2。任意两个圆心之间的距离都是 22。设 BB' 是圆 AA 与圆 CC 位于圆 BB 外部的交点,CC' 是圆 AA 与圆 BB 位于圆 CC 外部的交点,则 BCB'C' 的长度等于

Circles with centers A,A, B,B, and CC each have radius r,r, where 1<r<2.1\lt r\lt2. The distance between each pair of centers is 2.2. If BB' is the point of intersection of circle AA and circle CC which is outside circle B,B, and if CC' is the point of intersection of circle AA and circle BB which is outside circle C,C, then length BCB'C' equals

3r23r-2

r2r^2

r+3(r1)r+\sqrt{3(r-1)}

1+3(r21)1+\sqrt{3(r^2-1)}

以上都不是

none of these

答案:D
知识点:等边三角形相似对称性
难度评级:2200
小提示:

引入位于圆 AA 外部的类似点 AA';由对称性,ABCA'B'C' 是等边三角形

Introduce the analogous point AA' outside circle AA; symmetry makes ABCA'B'C' equilateral

大提示:

利用共同的重心以及边长为 rrrr22 的等腰三角形的高 r21\sqrt{r^2-1}

Use the common centroid and the altitude r21\sqrt{r^2-1} of an isosceles triangle with sides r,r, r,r, and 22

解答:

AA' 为以 BBCC 为圆心的两圆在外侧的对应交点。那么 ABCA'B'C'ABCABC 是同心的等边三角形。设 KK 为它们的共同重心,MMBCBC 的中点,则 AM=r21,MK=33,AK=233 \begin{aligned} A'M&=\sqrt{r^2-1},\\ MK&=\frac{\sqrt3}{3},\\ AK&=\frac{2\sqrt3}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}由相似性,BC2=AKAK=r21+33233 \begin{aligned} \frac{B'C'}2&=\frac{A'K}{AK}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{r^2-1}+\frac{\sqrt3}{3}} {\frac{2\sqrt3}{3}} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 BC=1+3(r21)B'C'=1+\sqrt{3(r^2-1)}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let AA' be the analogous outer intersection of the circles centered at BB and C.C. Then ABCA'B'C' and ABCABC are concentric equilateral triangles. If KK is their common centroid and MM is the midpoint of BC,BC, then AM=r21,MK=33,AK=233. \begin{aligned} A'M&=\sqrt{r^2-1},\\ MK&=\frac{\sqrt3}{3},\\ AK&=\frac{2\sqrt3}{3}. \end{aligned} Similarity gives BC2=AKAK=r21+33233. \begin{aligned} \frac{B'C'}2&=\frac{A'K}{AK}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{r^2-1}+\frac{\sqrt3}{3}} {\frac{2\sqrt3}{3}}. \end{aligned} Hence BC=1+3(r21).B'C'=1+\sqrt{3(r^2-1)}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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