1979 AMC 12 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
矩形 的面积为 平方米, 和 分别是边 和 的中点。矩形 的面积是多少平方米?
If rectangle has area square meters and and are the midpoints of sides and respectively, then the area of rectangle in square meters is
小提示:
两个中点条件使相应的边长各减半
The two midpoint conditions halve the relevant side lengths
大提示:
比较 与 的面积缩放因子
Compare the area scale factor of with that of
解答:
矩形 的两条边长分别是矩形 相应边长的一半。因此,它的面积是 的 ,即 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The side lengths of are one half the corresponding side lengths of Its area is therefore of which is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
2.
3.
在右图中, 是正方形, 是等边三角形,且点 位于正方形 外。 的度数是多少?
In the adjoining figure, is a square, is an equilateral triangle and point is outside square What is the measure of in degrees?
4.
5.
求交换个位与百位后保持不变的最大三位偶数(以十进制表示)的各位数字之和。
Find the sum of the digits of the largest even three digit number (in base ten representation) which is not changed when its units and hundreds digits are interchanged.
小提示:
百位数字与个位数字必须相同
The hundreds and units digits must be equal
大提示:
在保证这个数为偶数的条件下,先使相同的首尾数字最大,再使十位数字最大
Maximize the equal outer digits subject to the number being even, then maximize the tens digit
解答:
相同的百位数字与个位数字必须是偶数。最大的非零偶数数字是 ,十位数字可以取 。因此最大的数是 ,其各位数字之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The equal hundreds and units digit must be even. The largest possible nonzero such digit is and the tens digit can be Thus the largest number is whose digit sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
6.
小提示:
把每个分数写成 加上 的某个负整数次幂
Write each fraction as plus a reciprocal power of
大提示:
把 看作有限等比数列求和
Sum as a finite geometric series
解答:
每个分子都比分母大一,因此原式为 括号内的等比数列之和为 。所以原式的值为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Each numerator is one more than its denominator, so the expression is The parenthesized geometric sum is Therefore the value is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
7.
整数的平方称为完全平方数。若 是完全平方数,则下一个更大的完全平方数是
The square of an integer is called a perfect square. If is a perfect square, the next larger perfect square is
8.
求曲线 与 所围成的最小区域的面积。
Find the area of the smallest region bounded by the graphs of and
小提示:
的两条射线交于圆心
The two rays of meet at the center of the circle
大提示:
求射线 与 之间较小的圆心角
Find the smaller central angle between the rays and
解答:
两条射线与圆的交点所对应的方向角分别为 和 ,所以最小的有界区域是半径为 的圆的一个 扇形。其面积为
因此,正确答案是 C。
The two rays meet the circle at angles and so the smallest bounded region is a sector of the radius- circle. Its area is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
9.
10.
正六边形 的边心距(从中心到一条边中点的距离)为 。对于 、、、,点 是边 的中点。四边形 的面积是
If is a regular hexagon whose apothem (distance from the center to the midpoint of a side) is and is the midpoint of side for then the area of quadrilateral is
小提示:
各点 位于一个半径等于该边心距的圆上
The points lie on a circle of radius equal to the apothem
大提示:
把中心与连续四条边的中点相连,再分割这个四边形
Join the center to the four consecutive side midpoints and decompose the quadrilateral
解答:
设 为中心。相邻的边心距 与 长度均为 ,夹角为 ,所以每个 都是边长为 的等边三角形。该四边形由三个这样的三角形组成,因此面积为
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let be the center. Consecutive apothems and have length and form a angle, so each is equilateral of side The quadrilateral is the union of three such triangles, and hence has area
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
11.
求下列方程的一个正整数解:
Find a positive integral solution to the equation
这个方程没有正整数解。
The equation has no positive integral solutions.
12.
在右图中, 是以 为圆心的半圆的直径。点 位于 经过 后的延长线上;点 位于半圆上,点 是线段 与半圆除 以外的另一个交点。若线段 与 等长,且 的度数为 ,则 的度数为
In the adjoining figure, is the diameter of a semicircle with center Point lies on the extension of past point lies on the semicircle, and is the point of intersection (distinct from ) of line segment with the semicircle. If length equals length and the measure of is then the measure of is
小提示:
令 ,并利用
Let and use
大提示:
利用等腰三角形和 的圆心角,用两种方式表示
Express in two ways using the isosceles triangles and the central angle
解答:
令 。因为 ,所以 ,从而 。又因为 ,所以 ,且 。另一方面,所以 。因此 ,解得 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let Since so Also hence and On the other hand, so Therefore giving
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
13.
不等式 成立的充分必要条件是
The inequality is satisfied if and only if
或 (或两个不等式都成立)
or (or both inequalities hold)
或 (或两个不等式都成立)
or (or both inequalities hold)
且
and
小提示:
把 换成
Replace by
大提示:
分别讨论 与 两种情形,再合并所得区域
Separate the cases and , then combine the resulting regions
解答:
当 时,不等式化为 ,即 。当 时,不等式化为 ,即 。合并两种情形,恰好得到 或 ,两者可以同时成立。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the inequality becomes or If it becomes or Combining the two cases gives exactly or with overlap allowed.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
14.
在某个数列中,第一项是 ,并且对于所有 ,前 项的乘积为 。该数列的第三项与第五项之和为
In a certain sequence of numbers, the first number is and, for all the product of the first numbers in the sequence is The sum of the third and the fifth numbers in the sequence is
小提示:
用前 项的乘积除以前 项的乘积
Divide the product of the first terms by the product of the first terms
大提示:
这样便可直接把第 项表示成两个平方数之比
This gives the th term directly as a ratio of two squares
解答:
当 时,第 项为 所以 ,且 ,两者之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
For the th term is Therefore and whose sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
15.
两个完全相同的罐子里装有酒精溶液,其中一个罐子中酒精与水的体积比为 ,另一个罐子中为 。把两罐中的全部溶液混合后,混合液中酒精与水的体积比为
Two identical jars are filled with alcohol solutions, the ratio of the volume of alcohol to the volume of water being in one jar and in the other jar. If the entire contents of the two jars are mixed together, the ratio of the volume of alcohol to the volume of water in the mixture is
小提示:
给两个罐子设定相同的总体积,再把每个比值换算成酒精和水各占的比例
Assign the same total volume to each jar and convert each ratio to alcohol and water fractions
大提示:
分别把两罐中的酒精量和水量相加,再求它们的比
Add the two alcohol amounts and the two water amounts before forming their ratio
解答:
两罐总体积相等时,酒精所占比例分别为 和 ,水所占比例分别为 和 。因而酒精与水的体积比为
因此,正确答案是 E。
For equal total volumes, the alcohol fractions are and while the water fractions are and Their ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
16.
面积为 的圆位于一个面积为 的大圆内部。若大圆的半径为 ,且 、、 成等差数列,则小圆的半径为
A circle with area is contained in the interior of a larger circle with area If the radius of the larger circle is and if is an arithmetic progression, then the radius of the smaller circle is
小提示:
利用等差数列中间项的条件列出三个面积的关系
Use the middle-term condition for the three areas in arithmetic progression
大提示:
把大圆的面积表示成 的倍数
Express the larger circle’s area as a multiple of
解答:
等差数列条件给出 因此 。所以大圆面积为 ,从而 。若小圆半径为 ,则 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The progression condition gives so Hence the larger area is and If the smaller radius is then so
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
17.
互不相同的点 、、 和 按此顺序位于同一直线上。线段 、 和 的长度分别为 、 和 。若线段 与 可分别绕点 与 旋转,使点 与 重合并形成一个面积为正的三角形,则下列三个不等式中哪些必须成立?
Points and are distinct and lie, in the given order, on a straight line. Line segments and have lengths and respectively. If line segments and may be rotated about points and respectively, so that points and coincide, to form a triangle with positive area, then which of the following three inequalities must be satisfied?
仅
only
仅
only
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
、 和
and
小提示:
旋转后,找出新三角形三条边的长度
After the rotations, identify the three side lengths of the new triangle
大提示:
对 、 和 应用三个严格的三角形不等式
Apply all three strict triangle inequalities to and
解答:
新三角形的三条边长为 、 和 。由三角形不等式,因此,I 与 II 必须成立,而 III 必须不成立。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The new triangle has side lengths and Its triangle inequalities give Thus I and II must hold, while III must fail.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
18.
精确到千分位, 为 , 为 。下列哪个数最接近 ?
To the nearest thousandth, is and is Which of the following is the best approximation of
19.
求所有满足方程 的实数的平方和。
Find the sum of the squares of all real numbers satisfying the equation
20.
若 且 ,则 的弧度数等于
If and then the radian measure of equals
小提示:
先由所给乘积等式解出
First solve the given product equation for
大提示:
对两个正的反正切角使用正切加法公式
Use the tangent addition formula on the two positive inverse-tangent angles
解答:
代入 ,得到 。令 ,,则 两个角都为正,且它们的和小于 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Substituting gives If and then Both angles are positive and their sum is less than so
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
21.
一个直角三角形的斜边长为 ,其内切圆半径为 。圆的面积与三角形面积之比为
The length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is and the radius of the inscribed circle is The ratio of the area of the circle to the area of the triangle is
以上都不是
none of these
答案:B
小提示:
使用三角形面积公式
Use the formula for a triangle’s area
大提示:
对于直角三角形,把两条直角边之和用 与 表示
For a right triangle, relate the sum of the legs to and
解答:
若两条直角边长为 和 ,则直角三角形的内切圆半径恒等式为 。因此半周长为 三角形的面积为 ,圆的面积为 。两者之比为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
If the legs are and then the right-triangle inradius identity is Hence the semiperimeter is The triangle’s area is while the circle’s area is Their ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
22.
求满足下列方程的整数对 的个数:
Find the number of pairs of integers which satisfy the equation
无穷多个
infinitely many
小提示:
把左边因式分解为
Factor the left side as
大提示:
比较等式两边模 的余数
Compare the two sides modulo
解答:
左边等于 对每个整数 都能被 整除。右边为 ,与 同余。因此不存在满足方程的整数对。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The left side is which is divisible by for every integer The right side is which is congruent to Therefore no integer pair satisfies the equation.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
23.
正四面体的顶点为 、、 和 ,每条棱的长度都是一。点 位于棱 上,点 位于棱 上。求 与 之间距离的最小可能值。
The edges of a regular tetrahedron with vertices and each have length one. Find the least possible distance between a pair of points and where is on edge and is on edge
小提示:
用顶点为 的对称坐标表示正四面体
Use symmetric coordinates for a regular tetrahedron with vertices
大提示:
参数化两条对棱上的点,并使距离的平方最小
Parameterize points on the two opposite edges and minimize the squared distance
解答:
缩放之前,取 这些棱的长度为 ,所以按比例因子 缩放。 和 上的点可分别写成 和 。缩放前,在 时取最小值。缩放后,最小距离的平方为 ,所以距离为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Before scaling, take These edges have length so scale by Points on and have forms and Before scaling, minimized at After scaling, the minimum squared distance is so the distance is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
24.
若一个多边形不自交,则称其为“简单”多边形。简单四边形 的边 、 和 的长度分别为 、 和 。若顶点 和 处的内角均为钝角,且 ,则边 的长度为多少?
A polygon is called “simple” if it is not self-intersecting. Sides and of simple quadrilateral have lengths and respectively. If vertex angles and are obtuse and then side has length
小提示:
取 、,再利用钝角所确定的符号
Place and , then use the signs forced by the obtuse angles
大提示:
根据 -- 的比例确定 与 的坐标
Determine coordinates for and from the -- ratios
解答:
取 和 。因为 为钝角且 ,可取 简单四边形的构型以及 处的钝角给出 因此,
因此,正确答案是 E。
Put and Since is obtuse and we may take The simple configuration and the obtuse angle at give Thus
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
25.
用 除多项式 时,商与余数分别为 和 ;再用 除 时,商与余数分别为 和 。那么 等于
If and are the quotient and remainder, respectively, when the polynomial is divided by and if and are the quotient and remainder, respectively, when is divided by then equals
26.
函数 对每一对实数 、 都满足函数方程 若 ,则满足 且 的整数有多少个?
The function satisfies the functional equation for every pair of real numbers. If then the number of integers for which is
无穷多个
infinite
小提示:
令一个变量等于 ,得到整数自变量相邻两项的递推关系
Set one variable equal to to get a recurrence for consecutive integer inputs
大提示:
先求 ,再利用递推关系求出所有整数自变量对应的函数值,最后令
Find , solve the recurrence for all integers, and then impose
解答:
令 ,得到 。令 ,得到 。向两个方向延拓递推关系,可得对每个整数 ,因而 等价于 整数解为 和 ,排除 后恰好剩一个。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Setting gives Setting gives Extending the recurrence in both directions yields, for every integer Thus is equivalent to The integer solutions are and and after excluding exactly one remains.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
27.
从所有整数有序对 中等可能地随机选取一对,其中两个整数的绝对值都不超过五。方程 没有两个不同的正实根的概率是多少?
An ordered pair of integers, each of which has absolute value less than or equal to five, is chosen at random, with each such ordered pair having an equal likelihood of being chosen. What is the probability that the equation will not have distinct positive real roots?
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
有两个不同的正实根要求 、 且
Distinct positive roots require and
大提示:
分别计算 、、、 时符合条件的 的个数,再从 对中取补集
Count the qualifying values for each then take the complement among pairs
解答:
共有 个有序对。要有两个不同的正实根,必须有 、 且 。当 和 时没有可选值;当 、 和 时,分别有 、 和 个可选的 。因此只有 个有序对会产生两个不同的正实根,所求概率为 该数不在选项中。
因此,正确答案是 E。
There are ordered pairs. Distinct positive roots require and For and there are no choices; for and there are respectively and choices of Thus only pairs produce distinct positive roots, so the requested probability is which is not listed.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
28.
以 、 和 为圆心的三个圆半径均为 ,其中 。任意两个圆心之间的距离都是 。设 是圆 与圆 位于圆 外部的交点, 是圆 与圆 位于圆 外部的交点,则 的长度等于
Circles with centers and each have radius where The distance between each pair of centers is If is the point of intersection of circle and circle which is outside circle and if is the point of intersection of circle and circle which is outside circle then length equals
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
引入位于圆 外部的类似点 ;由对称性, 是等边三角形
Introduce the analogous point outside circle ; symmetry makes equilateral
大提示:
利用共同的重心以及边长为 、 和 的等腰三角形的高
Use the common centroid and the altitude of an isosceles triangle with sides and
解答:
设 为以 和 为圆心的两圆在外侧的对应交点。那么 与 是同心的等边三角形。设 为它们的共同重心, 为 的中点,则 由相似性,因此 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let be the analogous outer intersection of the circles centered at and Then and are concentric equilateral triangles. If is their common centroid and is the midpoint of then Similarity gives Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
29.
对于每个正数 ,定义 则 的最小值为
For each positive number let The minimum value of is
答案:E
小提示:
令 ,并把 表示成 的式子
Set and write in terms of
大提示:
把分子因式分解为平方差,再利用
Factor the numerator as a difference of squares, then use
解答:
令 ,。因为 ,所以分子为 分母为 ,所以 。当 时,,且在 时取等号。因此最小值为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let and Since the numerator is The denominator is so For with equality at Thus the minimum is
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
30.
在 中, 是边 的中点, 位于边 上。若 的长度为 ,且 、、、,则 的面积加上 面积的两倍等于
In is the midpoint of side and is on side If the length of is and and then the area of plus twice the area of equals
小提示:
延长 至 ,使 ,从而构造等边三角形
Extend to so that , creating an equilateral triangle
大提示:
在 上取点 ,使 ;比较 与
Choose on with ; compare with
解答:
将 经过 延长至 ,使 。则 为等边三角形。在 上取点 ,使 。由角度条件可得 ,且 。因为 是 的中点,所以相似比为 ,从而 分割这个等边三角形可得 两边除以 ,得到 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Extend through to with Then is equilateral. Choose on so that The angle conditions give while Since is the midpoint of the similarity scale is so Decomposing the equilateral triangle gives Dividing by yields
Therefore, the correct answer is B.