1979 AMC 12 第 29 题

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29.

对于每个正数 xx,定义 f(x)=(x+1x)6(x6+1x6)2(x+1x)3+(x3+1x3) f(x)= \frac{\begin{gathered} \left(x+\frac1x\right)^6\\ {}-\left(x^6+\frac1{x^6}\right)-2 \end{gathered}} {\begin{gathered} \left(x+\frac1x\right)^3\\ {}+\left(x^3+\frac1{x^3}\right) \end{gathered}}\text{。}f(x)f(x) 的最小值为

For each positive number x,x, let f(x)=(x+1x)6(x6+1x6)2(x+1x)3+(x3+1x3). f(x)= \frac{\begin{gathered} \left(x+\frac1x\right)^6\\ {}-\left(x^6+\frac1{x^6}\right)-2 \end{gathered}} {\begin{gathered} \left(x+\frac1x\right)^3\\ {}+\left(x^3+\frac1{x^3}\right) \end{gathered}}. The minimum value of f(x)f(x) is

11

22

33

44

66

答案:E
知识点:代数变形平方差算术-几何平均不等式
难度评级:2100
小提示:

t=x+1xt=x+\frac{1}{x},并把 x3+x3x^3+x^{-3} 表示成 tt 的式子

Set t=x+1xt=x+\frac{1}{x} and write x3+x3x^3+x^{-3} in terms of tt

大提示:

把分子因式分解为平方差,再利用 x+1x2x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2

Factor the numerator as a difference of squares, then use x+1x2x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2

解答:

t=x+1xt=x+\frac{1}{x}u=x3+x3=t33tu=x^3+x^{-3}=t^3-3t。因为 x6+x6=u22x^6+x^{-6}=u^2-2,所以分子为 t6u2=(t3u)(t3+u)=3t(t3+u) \begin{aligned} t^6-u^2&=(t^3-u)(t^3+u)\\ &=3t(t^3+u) \end{aligned}\text{。}分母为 t3+ut^3+u,所以 f(x)=3t=3(x+1x)f(x)=3t=3(x+\frac{1}{x})。当 x>0x\gt0 时,x+1x2x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2,且在 x=1x=1 时取等号。因此最小值为 66

因此,正确答案是 E

Let t=x+1xt=x+\frac{1}{x} and u=x3+x3=t33t.u=x^3+x^{-3}=t^3-3t. Since x6+x6=u22,x^6+x^{-6}=u^2-2, the numerator is t6u2=(t3u)(t3+u)=3t(t3+u). \begin{aligned} t^6-u^2&=(t^3-u)(t^3+u)\\ &=3t(t^3+u). \end{aligned} The denominator is t3+u,t^3+u, so f(x)=3t=3(x+1x).f(x)=3t=3(x+\frac{1}{x}). For x>0,x\gt0, x+1x2,x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2, with equality at x=1.x=1. Thus the minimum is 6.6.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

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