1991 AMC 12 第 29 题

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29.

等边三角形 ABCABC 经过压折,使顶点 AA 落到点 AA',该点位于 BCBC 上,如图所示。若 BA=1BA'=1AC=2A'C=2,则折痕 PQPQ 的长度为

Equilateral triangle ABCABC has been creased and folded so that vertex AA now rests at AA' on BCBC as shown. If BA=1BA'=1 and AC=2,A'C=2, then the length of crease PQPQ is

85\frac85

72021\frac7{20}\sqrt{21}

1+52\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}

138\frac{13}{8}

3\sqrt3

答案:B
知识点:folding垂直平分线坐标几何distance
难度评级:2360
小提示:

折痕是一个点及其折叠后对应点所连线段的垂直平分线

A fold crease is the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining a point to its image

大提示:

B=(0,0)B=(0,0)C=(3,0)C=(3,0)A=(32,332)A=(\frac{3}{2},\frac{3\sqrt3}{2})A=(1,0)A'=(1,0)

Place B=(0,0),B=(0,0), C=(3,0),C=(3,0), A=(32,332),A=(\frac{3}{2},\frac{3\sqrt3}{2}), and A=(1,0)A'=(1,0)

解答:

使用提示中的坐标,点 X=(x,y)X=(x,y) 的垂直平分线条件为 XA=XA|X-A|=|X-A'|,化简得 x+33y=8 x+3\sqrt3\,y=8\text{。}该直线与 AB, y=3xAB,\ y=\sqrt3x 相交于 P=(45,435)P=(\frac{4}{5},\frac{4\sqrt3}{5}),与 AC, y=3(3x)AC,\ y=\sqrt3(3-x) 相交于 Q=(198,538)Q=(\frac{19}{8},\frac{5\sqrt3}{8})。因此 PQ=(6340)2+(7340)2=72021 \begin{aligned} PQ &=\sqrt{\left(\frac{63}{40}\right)^2 +\left(\frac{7\sqrt3}{40}\right)^2}\\ &=\frac7{20}\sqrt{21} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此正确答案为 B

With the coordinates in the hint, the perpendicular-bisector condition for X=(x,y)X=(x,y) is XA=XA,|X-A|=|X-A'|, which simplifies to x+33y=8. x+3\sqrt3\,y=8. Intersecting this line with AB, y=3x,AB,\ y=\sqrt3x, gives P=(45,435).P=(\frac{4}{5},\frac{4\sqrt3}{5}). Intersecting it with AC, y=3(3x),AC,\ y=\sqrt3(3-x), gives Q=(198,538).Q=(\frac{19}{8},\frac{5\sqrt3}{8}). Hence PQ=(6340)2+(7340)2=72021. \begin{aligned} PQ &=\sqrt{\left(\frac{63}{40}\right)^2 +\left(\frac{7\sqrt3}{40}\right)^2}\\ &=\frac7{20}\sqrt{21}. \end{aligned}

Thus the correct answer is B.

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