1980 AMC 12 第 29 题

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29.

有多少个整数有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x,y,z) 满足下列方程组:x23xy+2y2z2=31,x2+6yz+2z2=44,x2+xy+8z2=100 \begin{aligned} x^2-3xy+2y^2-z^2&=31,\\ -x^2+6yz+2z^2&=44,\\ x^2+xy+8z^2&=100 \end{aligned}\text{?}

How many ordered triples (x,y,z)(x,y,z) of integers satisfy the system of equations below? x23xy+2y2z2=31,x2+6yz+2z2=44,x2+xy+8z2=100. \begin{aligned} x^2-3xy+2y^2-z^2&=31,\\ -x^2+6yz+2z^2&=44,\\ x^2+xy+8z^2&=100. \end{aligned}

00

11

22

大于二的有限数

a finite number greater than two

无穷多个

infinitely many

答案:A
知识点:丢番图方程模运算完全平方数
难度评级:2100
小提示:

在尝试解出变量之前,先把三个方程相加

Add all three equations before trying to solve for the variables

大提示:

把所得二次型改写为两个平方之和,再模 44 考察

Rewrite the resulting quadratic form as a sum of two squares and reduce modulo 44

解答:

三个方程相加得到 x22xy+2y2+6yz+9z2=175 \begin{aligned} x^2-2xy+2y^2 &{}+6yz+9z^2\\ &=175 \end{aligned}\text{,}(xy)2+(y+3z)2=175 (x-y)^2+(y+3z)^2=175\text{。}一个平方同余于 001(mod4)1\pmod4,所以两个平方之和不可能同余于 3(mod4)3\pmod4。但 1753(mod4)175\equiv3\pmod4,矛盾。因此不存在整数有序三元组。

因此,正确答案是 A

Adding the three equations gives x22xy+2y2+6yz+9z2=175, \begin{aligned} x^2-2xy+2y^2 &{}+6yz+9z^2\\ &=175, \end{aligned} or (xy)2+(y+3z)2=175. (x-y)^2+(y+3z)^2=175. A square is congruent to 00 or 1(mod4),1\pmod4, so a sum of two squares cannot be congruent to 3(mod4).3\pmod4. But 1753(mod4),175\equiv3\pmod4, a contradiction. Thus there are no integer triples.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

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