1980 AMC 12 真题

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1.

使其七倍小于 100100 的最大非负整数是

The largest whole number such that seven times the number is less than 100100 is

1212

1313

1414

1515

1616

答案:C
知识点:不等式整数运算
难度评级:770
小提示:

把“这个数的七倍小于 100100”写成不等式

Translate “seven times the number is less than 100100” into an inequality

大提示:

确定 1007\frac{100}{7} 位于哪两个相邻非负整数之间

Locate 1007\frac{100}{7} between two consecutive whole numbers

解答:

这个数必须小于 1007=14+27\frac{100}{7}=14+\frac{2}{7}。小于该数的最大非负整数是 1414

因此,正确答案是 C

The number must be less than 1007=14+27.\frac{100}{7}=14+\frac{2}{7}. The largest whole number below this value is 14.14.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

2.

(x2+1)4(x3+1)3(x^2+1)^4(x^3+1)^3 看作关于 xx 的多项式,它的次数是

The degree of (x2+1)4(x3+1)3(x^2+1)^4(x^3+1)^3 as a polynomial in xx is

55

77

1212

1717

7272

答案:D
知识点:多项式指数
难度评级:1080
小提示:

求每个括号内因式所贡献的最高次数

Find the highest power contributed by each parenthesized factor

大提示:

两个非零多项式相乘时,次数相加

Degrees add when nonzero polynomials are multiplied

解答:

第一个因式的次数为 24=82\cdot4=8,第二个因式的次数为 33=93\cdot3=9。因此乘积的次数为 8+9=178+9=17

因此,正确答案是 D

The first factor has degree 24=8,2\cdot4=8, and the second has degree 33=9.3\cdot3=9. Their product therefore has degree 8+9=17.8+9=17.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3.

2xy2x-yx+yx+y 之比为 23\frac23,则 xxyy 之比是多少?

If the ratio of 2xy2x-y to x+yx+y is 23,\frac23, what is the ratio of xx to y?y?

15\frac15

45\frac45

11

65\frac65

54\frac54

答案:E
难度评级:1100
小提示:

把题目给出的比写成两个分数相等的方程

Write the stated ratio as an equation of two fractions

大提示:

交叉相乘后,分别归并含 xx 和含 yy 的项

Cross-multiply and collect the xx-terms and yy-terms separately

解答:

由题设可得 2xyx+y=23 \frac{2x-y}{x+y}=\frac23\text{。}因此 6x3y=2x+2y6x-3y=2x+2y,所以 4x=5y4x=5y,从而 xy=54\frac{x}{y}=\frac{5}{4}

因此,正确答案是 E

The condition gives 2xyx+y=23. \frac{2x-y}{x+y}=\frac23. Thus 6x3y=2x+2y,6x-3y=2x+2y, so 4x=5y4x=5y and xy=54.\frac{x}{y}=\frac{5}{4}.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

4.

在所附图形中,CDECDE 是等边三角形,ABCDABCDDEFGDEFG 是正方形。GDA\angle GDA 的度数是

In the adjoining figure, CDECDE is an equilateral triangle and ABCDABCD and DEFGDEFG are squares. The measure of GDA\angle GDA is

9090^\circ

105105^\circ

120120^\circ

135135^\circ

150150^\circ

答案:C
难度评级:1310
小提示:

找出点 DD 周围三个已知角

Identify the three known angles at DD

大提示:

利用点 DD 周围一周的角度为 360360^\circ

Use the full 360360^\circ angle around point DD

解答:

在点 DD 处,两个正方形的角各为 9090^\circ,等边三角形的角为 6060^\circ。因此 GDA=360906090=120 \begin{aligned} \angle GDA &=360^\circ-90^\circ\\ &\quad-60^\circ-90^\circ\\ &=120^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

At D,D, the two square angles are 9090^\circ each and the equilateral-triangle angle is 60.60^\circ. Hence GDA=360906090=120. \begin{aligned} \angle GDA &=360^\circ-90^\circ\\ &\quad-60^\circ-90^\circ\\ &=120^\circ. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

5.

ABABCDCD 是圆 QQ 的两条互相垂直的直径,PPAQAQ 上,且 QPC=60\angle QPC=60^\circ,则 PQPQ 的长度除以 AQAQ 的长度等于

If ABAB and CDCD are perpendicular diameters of circle Q,Q, PP in AQ,AQ, and QPC=60,\angle QPC=60^\circ, then the length of PQPQ divided by the length of AQAQ is

32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

33\frac{\sqrt3}{3}

22\frac{\sqrt2}{2}

12\frac12

23\frac23

答案:B
难度评级:1330
小提示:

利用两条垂直直径,在 PQC\triangle PQC 中找出直角

Use the perpendicular diameters to identify a right angle in PQC\triangle PQC

大提示:

利用所得 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形中短直角边与长直角边的关系

Relate the short and long legs of the resulting 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle

解答:

三角形 PQCPQCQQ 处为直角,且 P=60\angle P=60^\circ,所以它是一个 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形。由于 QC=AQQC=AQPQAQ=PQQC=13=33 \frac{PQ}{AQ}=\frac{PQ}{QC}=\frac1{\sqrt3} =\frac{\sqrt3}{3}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Triangle PQCPQC is right at QQ and has P=60,\angle P=60^\circ, so it is a 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle. Since QC=AQ,QC=AQ, PQAQ=PQQC=13=33. \frac{PQ}{AQ}=\frac{PQ}{QC}=\frac1{\sqrt3} =\frac{\sqrt3}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

6.

正数 xx 满足不等式 x<2x\sqrt x\lt2x 的充要条件是

A positive number xx satisfies the inequality x<2x\sqrt x\lt2x if and only if

x>14x\gt\frac14

x>2x\gt2

x>4x\gt4

x<14x\lt\frac14

x<4x\lt4

答案:A
知识点:不等式根式
难度评级:1180
小提示:

利用不等式两边均为正数这一事实

Use the fact that both sides are positive

大提示:

在平方或解出 xx 之前,先把两边除以 x\sqrt x

Divide by x\sqrt x before squaring or isolating xx

解答:

因为 x>0x\gt0,两边除以 x\sqrt x 不改变不等号方向:1<2x 1\lt2\sqrt x\text{。}因此 x>12\sqrt x\gt\frac{1}{2},等价于 x>14x\gt\frac{1}{4}

因此,正确答案是 A

Because x>0,x\gt0, division by x\sqrt x preserves the inequality: 1<2x. 1\lt2\sqrt x. Thus x>12,\sqrt x\gt\frac{1}{2}, which is equivalent to x>14.x\gt\frac{1}{4}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

7.

凸多边形 ABCDABCD 的边 ABABBCBCCDCDDADA 的长度依次为 334412121313,且 CBA\angle CBA 是直角。该四边形的面积是

Sides AB,AB, BC,BC, CD,CD, and DADA of convex polygon ABCDABCD have lengths 3,3, 4,4, 12,12, and 13,13, respectively; and CBA\angle CBA is a right angle. The area of the quadrilateral is

3232

3636

3939

4242

4848

答案:B
难度评级:1430
小提示:

画出对角线 ACAC,并利用 ABC\triangle ABC 求出它的长度

Draw diagonal ACAC and find its length from ABC\triangle ABC

大提示:

根据边长 5512121313 识别另一个直角三角形

Recognize a second right triangle using the side lengths 5,5, 12,12, and 1313

解答:

三角形 ABCABC 是一个 33-44-55 直角三角形,所以 AC=5AC=5,其面积为 66。因为 52+122=1325^2+12^2=13^2,三角形 ACDACDCC 处为直角,面积为 (12)(5)(12)=30(\frac{1}{2})(5)(12)=30。四边形的面积为 6+30=366+30=36

因此,正确答案是 B

Triangle ABCABC is a 33-44-55 right triangle, so AC=5AC=5 and its area is 6.6. Since 52+122=132,5^2+12^2=13^2, triangle ACDACD is right at CC and has area (12)(5)(12)=30.(\frac{1}{2})(5)(12)=30. The quadrilateral’s area is 6+30=36.6+30=36.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

8.

有多少对非零实数 (a,b)(a,b) 满足方程 1a+1b=1a+b \frac1a+\frac1b=\frac1{a+b}\text{?}

How many pairs (a,b)(a,b) of nonzero real numbers satisfy the equation 1a+1b=1a+b? \frac1a+\frac1b=\frac1{a+b}?

没有

none

11

22

每个 b0b\ne0 对应一对

one pair for each b0b\ne0

每个 b0b\ne0 对应两对

two pairs for each b0b\ne0

答案:A
难度评级:1590
小提示:

在注意 aabba+ba+b 均不为零的前提下消去分母

Clear the denominators, noting that a,a, b,b, and a+ba+b must be nonzero

大提示:

把所得齐次二次方程看作关于比值 ab\frac{a}{b} 的方程

Treat the resulting homogeneous quadratic as an equation in the ratio ab\frac{a}{b}

解答:

消去分母可得 (a+b)2=ab (a+b)^2=ab\text{,}a2+ab+b2=0a^2+ab+b^2=0。因为 b0b\ne0,令 t=abt=\frac{a}{b}。于是 t2+t+1=0t^2+t+1=0,其判别式为 14=31-4=-3。因此没有实数对满足条件。

因此,正确答案是 A

Clearing denominators gives (a+b)2=ab, (a+b)^2=ab, or a2+ab+b2=0.a^2+ab+b^2=0. Since b0,b\ne0, let t=ab.t=\frac{a}{b}. Then t2+t+1=0,t^2+t+1=0, whose discriminant is 14=3.1-4=-3. Thus there are no real pairs.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

9.

一人向正西走 xx 英里,然后向左转 150150^\circ,再沿新方向走 33 英里。若终点与起点相距 3\sqrt3 英里,则 xx 的值是

A man walks xx miles due west, turns 150150^\circ to his left and walks 33 miles in the new direction. If he finishes at a point 3\sqrt3 miles from his starting point, then xx is

3\sqrt3

232\sqrt3

32\frac32

33

由所给信息不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined by the given information

答案:E
难度评级:1590
小提示:

把第二段路程分解为水平分量和竖直分量

Resolve the second walk into horizontal and vertical components

大提示:

距离方程是关于 xx 的二次方程;检查两个正根是否都有效

The distance equation is quadratic in xx; check whether both positive roots are valid

解答:

取向东为水平方向的正方向。转弯后,33 英里的位移分量为 (332,32)(\frac{3\sqrt3}{2},-\frac{3}{2})。因此 (332x)2+(32)2=3 \left(\frac{3\sqrt3}{2}-x\right)^2 +\left(\frac32\right)^2=3\text{。}所以 332x=±32\frac{3\sqrt3}{2}-x=\pm\frac{\sqrt3}{2},得到 x=3x=\sqrt3x=23x=2\sqrt3。因此该值不能唯一确定。

因此,正确答案是 E

Take east as the positive horizontal direction. After the turn, the 33-mile displacement has components (332,32).(\frac{3\sqrt3}{2},-\frac{3}{2}). Therefore (332x)2+(32)2=3. \left(\frac{3\sqrt3}{2}-x\right)^2 +\left(\frac32\right)^2=3. Hence 332x=±32,\frac{3\sqrt3}{2}-x=\pm\frac{\sqrt3}{2}, giving x=3x=\sqrt3 or x=23.x=2\sqrt3. The value is not unique.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

10.

三个互相啮合的圆形齿轮 AABBCC 的齿数分别为 xxyyzz。(所有齿轮的齿大小相同,并且如图所示均匀排列。)AABBCC 的角速度(单位为每分钟转数)之比为

The number of teeth in three meshed circular gears A,A, B,B, CC are x,x, y,y, z,z, respectively. (The teeth on all gears are the same size and regularly spaced as in the figure.) The angular speeds, in revolutions per minute, of A,A, B,B, CC are in the proportion

x:y:zx:y:z

z:y:xz:y:x

y:z:xy:z:x

yz:xz:xyyz:xz:xy

xz:yx:zyxz:yx:zy

答案:D
知识点:比与比例速率
难度评级:1380
小提示:

齿轮啮合处的切向速度大小相同

Meshed teeth have the same tangential speed at their points of contact

大提示:

角速度与圆周长成反比,因而与齿数成反比

Angular speed is inversely proportional to circumference and hence to the number of teeth

解答:

各齿轮的圆周长分别与 xxyyzz 成正比,而它们的切向速度大小相等。因此它们的角速度之比为 1x:1y:1z \frac1x:\frac1y:\frac1z\text{。}三项同时乘以 xyzxyz,得到 yz:xz:xyyz:xz:xy

因此,正确答案是 D

The gears’ circumferences are proportional to x,x, y,y, and z,z, while their tangential speeds have equal magnitude. Their angular speeds are therefore proportional to 1x:1y:1z. \frac1x:\frac1y:\frac1z. Multiplying all three terms by xyzxyz gives yz:xz:xy.yz:xz:xy.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

11.

已知某等差数列前 1010 项之和为 100100,前 100100 项之和为 1010,则前 110110 项之和为

If the sum of the first 1010 terms and the sum of the first 100100 terms of a given arithmetic progression are 100100 and 10,10, respectively, then the sum of the first 110110 terms is

9090

90-90

110110

110-110

100-100

答案:D
难度评级:1780
小提示:

写出 Sn=n2(2a+(n1)d)S_n=\frac n2(2a+(n-1)d)

Write Sn=n2(2a+(n1)d)S_n=\frac n2(2a+(n-1)d)

大提示:

利用两个已知的部分和求出表达式 2a+109d2a+109d

Use the two known partial sums to find the expression 2a+109d2a+109d

解答:

由两个已知的和可得 2a+9d=20,2a+99d=15 \begin{aligned} 2a+9d&=20,\\ 2a+99d&=\frac15 \end{aligned}\text{。}两式相减得到 90d=99590d=-\frac{99}{5},所以 d=1150d=-\frac{11}{50},且 2a=1099502a=\frac{1099}{50}。因此 S110=55(2a+109d)=55(2)=110 \begin{aligned} S_{110}&=55(2a+109d)\\ &=55(-2)\\ &=-110 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The two given sums yield 2a+9d=20,2a+99d=15. \begin{aligned} 2a+9d&=20,\\ 2a+99d&=\frac15. \end{aligned} Subtracting gives 90d=995,90d=-\frac{99}{5}, so d=1150d=-\frac{11}{50} and 2a=109950.2a=\frac{1099}{50}. Therefore S110=55(2a+109d)=55(2)=110. \begin{aligned} S_{110}&=55(2a+109d)\\ &=55(-2)\\ &=-110. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

12.

直线 L1L_1L2L_2 的方程分别为 y=mxy=mxy=nxy=nx。设 L1L_1 与水平方向的夹角(从正 xx 轴起逆时针测量)是 L2L_2 与水平方向夹角的两倍,并且 L1L_1 的斜率是 L2L_2 斜率的 44 倍。若 L1L_1 不是水平线,则 mnmn 等于

The equations of L1L_1 and L2L_2 are y=mxy=mx and y=nx,y=nx, respectively. Suppose L1L_1 makes twice as large an angle with the horizontal (measured counterclockwise from the positive xx-axis) as does L2,L_2, and that L1L_1 has 44 times the slope of L2.L_2. If L1L_1 is not horizontal, then mnmn is

22\frac{\sqrt2}{2}

22-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}

22

2-2

由所给信息不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined by the given information

答案:C
难度评级:1980
小提示:

L2L_2 的倾角为 θ\theta

Let the angle of inclination of L2L_2 be θ\theta

大提示:

m=4nm=4n 代入 tan(2θ)=2tanθ1tan2θ\tan(2\theta)=\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}

Substitute m=4nm=4n into tan(2θ)=2tanθ1tan2θ\tan(2\theta)=\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}

解答:

tanθ=n\tan\theta=n。则 m=tan(2θ)m=\tan(2\theta),并且 m=4nm=4n。因此 4n=2n1n2 4n=\frac{2n}{1-n^2}\text{。}由非水平条件可知 n0n\ne0,所以 2(1n2)=12(1-n^2)=1,即 n2=12n^2=\frac{1}{2}。因此 mn=4n2=2mn=4n^2=2

因此,正确答案是 C

Let tanθ=n.\tan\theta=n. Then m=tan(2θ)m=\tan(2\theta) and also m=4n.m=4n. Hence 4n=2n1n2. 4n=\frac{2n}{1-n^2}. The nonhorizontal condition gives n0,n\ne0, so 2(1n2)=1,2(1-n^2)=1, or n2=12.n^2=\frac{1}{2}. Thus mn=4n2=2.mn=4n^2=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

13.

一只可忽略其大小的小虫从坐标平面的原点出发。它先向右移动 11 个单位到达 (1,0)(1,0)。然后逆时针转 9090^\circ,再移动 12\frac12 个单位到达 (1,12)(1,\frac12)。此后它继续以同样方式移动,每次逆时针转 9090^\circ,并且移动距离是前一次的一半。它最接近下列哪个点?

A bug (of negligible size) starts at the origin on the coordinate plane. First it moves 11 unit right to (1,0).(1,0). Then it makes a 9090^\circ turn counterclockwise and travels 12\frac12 a unit to (1,12).(1,\frac12). If it continues in this fashion, each time making a 9090^\circ turn counterclockwise and traveling half as far as in the previous move, to which of the following points will it come closest?

(23,23)(\frac23,\frac23)

(45,25)(\frac45,\frac25)

(23,45)(\frac23,\frac45)

(23,13)(\frac23,\frac13)

(25,45)(\frac25,\frac45)

答案:B
难度评级:1830
小提示:

用乘以 ii 表示逆时针旋转 9090^\circ

Represent a 9090^\circ counterclockwise turn by multiplication by ii

大提示:

各段位移向量构成公比为 i2\frac{i}{2} 的无穷等比级数

The displacement vectors form an infinite geometric series with ratio i2\frac{i}{2}

解答:

把位移向量表示为复数,依次为 1, i2, (i2)2, 1,\ \frac i2,\ \left(\frac i2\right)^2,\ldots\text{。}它们的和是 11i2=1+i21+14=45+25i \frac1{1-\frac{i}{2}} =\frac{1+\frac{i}{2}}{1+\frac{1}{4}} =\frac45+\frac25i\text{。}因此小虫趋近于 (45,25)(\frac{4}{5},\frac{2}{5})

因此,正确答案是 B

As complex numbers, the successive displacement vectors are 1, i2, (i2)2,. 1,\ \frac i2,\ \left(\frac i2\right)^2,\ldots. Their sum is 11i2=1+i21+14=45+25i. \frac1{1-\frac{i}{2}} =\frac{1+\frac{i}{2}}{1+\frac{1}{4}} =\frac45+\frac25i. Thus the bug approaches (45,25).(\frac{4}{5},\frac{2}{5}).

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

14.

cc 是常数,且由 f(x)=cx2x+3,x32 \begin{gathered} f(x)=\frac{cx}{2x+3},\\ x\ne-\frac32 \end{gathered} 定义的函数 ff 对除 32-\frac32 外的所有实数 xx 都满足 f(f(x))=xf(f(x))=x,则 cc 等于

If cc is a constant and the function ff defined by f(x)=cx2x+3,x32, \begin{gathered} f(x)=\frac{cx}{2x+3},\\ x\ne-\frac32, \end{gathered} satisfies f(f(x))=xf(f(x))=x for all real numbers xx except 32,-\frac32, then cc is

3-3

32-\frac32

32\frac32

33

由所给信息不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined by the given information

答案:A
难度评级:1780
小提示:

f(f(x))f(f(x)) 化为一个有理式

Compute f(f(x))f(f(x)) as a single rational expression

大提示:

要使结果恒等于 xx,比较分母中 xx 的系数

For the result to equal xx identically, compare the coefficient of xx in the denominator

解答:

直接复合可得 f(f(x))=c2x(2c+6)x+9 f(f(x)) =\frac{c^2x}{(2c+6)x+9}\text{。}要使其恒等于 xx,分母必须为常数 c2c^2。因此 2c+6=02c+6=0,且 c2=9c^2=9,两者共同给出 c=3c=-3

因此,正确答案是 A

Direct composition gives f(f(x))=c2x(2c+6)x+9. f(f(x)) =\frac{c^2x}{(2c+6)x+9}. For this to equal xx identically, the denominator must be the constant c2.c^2. Thus 2c+6=02c+6=0 and c2=9,c^2=9, both of which give c=3.c=-3.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

15.

某商店以精确到分的金额给一件商品定价,使得加上 4%4\% 的销售税后,无须四舍五入便恰好为 nn 美元,其中 nn 为正整数。nn 的最小值是

A store prices an item in dollars and cents so that when 4%4\% sales tax is added no rounding is necessary because the result is exactly nn dollars, where nn is a positive integer. The smallest value of nn is

11

1313

2525

2626

100100

答案:B
难度评级:1860
小提示:

设未税价格为整数 pp

Let the untaxed price be an integer number pp of cents

大提示:

把方程 1.04p=100n1.04p=100n 化为关于 nn 的整除条件

Reduce the equation 1.04p=100n1.04p=100n to a divisibility condition on nn

解答:

设价格为 pp 分,则 104100p=100n \frac{104}{100}p=100n\text{,}所以 13p=1250n13p=1250n。由于 131312501250 互质,1313 必须整除 nn。最小的正整数取值是 n=13n=13

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the price be pp cents. Then 104100p=100n, \frac{104}{100}p=100n, so 13p=1250n.13p=1250n. Since 1313 and 12501250 are relatively prime, 1313 must divide n.n. The smallest positive possibility is n=13.n=13.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

16.

立方体的八个顶点中,有四个是一个正四面体的顶点。求立方体表面积与正四面体表面积之比。

Four of the eight vertices of a cube are vertices of a regular tetrahedron. Find the ratio of the surface area of the cube to the surface area of the tetrahedron.

2\sqrt2

3\sqrt3

32\sqrt{\frac32}

23\frac2{\sqrt3}

22

答案:B
难度评级:1780
小提示:

若立方体棱长为 ss,则正四面体的每条棱都是立方体的一个面对角线

If the cube edge is s,s, each tetrahedron edge is a face diagonal

大提示:

比较 6s26s^2 与四个边长为 s2s\sqrt2 的等边三角形的总面积

Compare 6s26s^2 with four equilateral triangles of side s2s\sqrt2

解答:

设立方体棱长为 ss。正四面体的每条棱都是立方体的面对角线,所以长度为 s2s\sqrt2。正四面体的表面积为 4(34(s2)2)=23s2 4\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{4}(s\sqrt2)^2\right) =2\sqrt3\,s^2\text{。}立方体的表面积为 6s26s^2,所以所求比为 623=3\frac{6}{2\sqrt3}=\sqrt3

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the cube edge be s.s. Each tetrahedron edge is a cube face diagonal, so it has length s2.s\sqrt2. The tetrahedron’s surface area is 4(34(s2)2)=23s2. 4\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{4}(s\sqrt2)^2\right) =2\sqrt3\,s^2. The cube’s surface area is 6s2,6s^2, so the ratio is 623=3.\frac{6}{2\sqrt3}=\sqrt3.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

17.

已知 i2=1i^2=-1,有多少个整数 nn 使 (n+i)4(n+i)^4 为整数?

Given that i2=1,i^2=-1, for how many integers nn is (n+i)4(n+i)^4 an integer?

没有

none

11

22

33

44

答案:D
难度评级:1780
小提示:

展开 (n+i)4(n+i)^4,并分离出虚部

Expand (n+i)4(n+i)^4 and isolate its imaginary part

大提示:

整数的虚部为零,因此解所得三次因式分解方程

An integer has imaginary part zero, so solve the resulting cubic factorization

解答:

展开得 (n+i)4=n46n2+1+4n(n21)i \begin{aligned} (n+i)^4 &=n^4-6n^2+1\\ &\quad+4n(n^2-1)i \end{aligned}\text{。}当且仅当 n=0n=0n=1n=1n=1n=-1 时,虚部为零。对这三个整数,实部都是整数,所以共有 33 个取值。

因此,正确答案是 D

Expansion gives (n+i)4=n46n2+1+4n(n21)i. \begin{aligned} (n+i)^4 &=n^4-6n^2+1\\ &\quad+4n(n^2-1)i. \end{aligned} The imaginary part vanishes exactly when n=0,n=0, n=1,n=1, or n=1.n=-1. For each of these three integers the real part is an integer, so there are 33 values.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

18.

b>1b\gt1sinx>0\sin x\gt0cosx>0\cos x\gt0,且 logbsinx=a\log_b\sin x=a,则 logbcosx\log_b\cos x 等于

If b>1,b\gt1, sinx>0,\sin x\gt0, cosx>0\cos x\gt0 and logbsinx=a,\log_b\sin x=a, then logbcosx\log_b\cos x equals

2logb(1ba2)2\log_b(1-b^{\frac{a}{2}})

1a2\sqrt{1-a^2}

ba2b^{a^2}

12logb(1b2a)\frac12\log_b(1-b^{2a})

以上都不是

none of these

答案:D
难度评级:1590
小提示:

logbsinx=a\log_b\sin x=a 改写为指数方程

Convert logbsinx=a\log_b\sin x=a into an exponential equation

大提示:

利用 cosx=1sin2x\cos x=\sqrt{1-\sin^2x} 以及 cosx\cos x 为正

Use cosx=1sin2x\cos x=\sqrt{1-\sin^2x} and the positivity of cosx\cos x

解答:

sinx=ba\sin x=b^a 可得 cosx=1b2a \cos x=\sqrt{1-b^{2a}}\text{。}因此 logbcosx=12logb(1b2a) \log_b\cos x =\frac12\log_b(1-b^{2a})\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

We have sinx=ba,\sin x=b^a, so cosx=1b2a. \cos x=\sqrt{1-b^{2a}}. Therefore logbcosx=12logb(1b2a). \log_b\cos x =\frac12\log_b(1-b^{2a}).

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

19.

C1C_1C2C_2C3C_3 是圆心同侧的三条平行弦。C1C_1C2C_2 之间的距离等于 C2C_2C3C_3 之间的距离。三条弦的长度分别为 2020161688。该圆的半径是

Let C1,C_1, C2,C_2, and C3C_3 be three parallel chords of a circle on the same side of the center. The distance between C1C_1 and C2C_2 is the same as the distance between C2C_2 and C3.C_3. The lengths of the chords are 20,20, 16,16, and 8.8. The radius of the circle is

1212

474\sqrt7

5653\frac{5\sqrt{65}}3

5222\frac{5\sqrt{22}}2

由所给信息不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined by the given information

答案:D
难度评级:2100
小提示:

从圆心向弦作垂线,该垂线平分弦

A perpendicular from the center bisects each chord

大提示:

设最近的弦到圆心的距离为 uu,相邻弦之间的共同间距为 vv

Let the nearest chord be distance uu from the center and the common spacing be vv

解答:

设半径为 rr,长为 2020 的弦到圆心的距离为 uu,相邻弦之间的共同间距为 vv。则 r2=u2+102,r2=(u+v)2+82,r2=(u+2v)2+42 \begin{aligned} r^2&=u^2+10^2,\\ r^2&=(u+v)^2+8^2,\\ r^2&=(u+2v)^2+4^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}相邻两式依次相减,得到 2uv+v2=362uv+v^2=362uv+3v2=482uv+3v^2=48,所以 v2=6v^2=6,且 u=156u=\frac{15}{\sqrt6}。因此 r2=u2+100=2752 r^2=u^2+100=\frac{275}{2}\text{,}从而 r=5222r=\frac{5\sqrt{22}}{2}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let rr be the radius, uu the distance to the 2020-unit chord, and vv the common spacing. Then r2=u2+102,r2=(u+v)2+82,r2=(u+2v)2+42. \begin{aligned} r^2&=u^2+10^2,\\ r^2&=(u+v)^2+8^2,\\ r^2&=(u+2v)^2+4^2. \end{aligned} Consecutive subtraction gives 2uv+v2=362uv+v^2=36 and 2uv+3v2=48,2uv+3v^2=48, so v2=6v^2=6 and u=156.u=\frac{15}{\sqrt6}. Hence r2=u2+100=2752, r^2=u^2+100=\frac{275}{2}, and r=5222.r=\frac{5\sqrt{22}}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

20.

一个盒子里有 22 枚一美分硬币、44 枚五美分硬币和 66 枚十美分硬币。在不放回且每枚硬币被选中的概率相同的情况下抽取六枚硬币。抽到的硬币总值至少为 5050 美分的概率是多少?

A box contains 22 pennies, 44 nickels and 66 dimes. Six coins are drawn without replacement, with each coin having an equal probability of being chosen. What is the probability that the value of the coins drawn is at least 5050 cents?

37924\frac{37}{924}

91924\frac{91}{924}

127924\frac{127}{924}

132924\frac{132}{924}

以上都不是

none of these

答案:C
难度评级:2100
小提示:

共有 (126)\binom{12}{6} 种等可能的六枚硬币组合

There are (126)\binom{12}{6} equally likely sets of six coins

大提示:

按照抽到六枚、五枚或四枚十美分硬币分类计数有利情形

Classify favorable selections by whether they contain six, five, or four dimes

解答:

共有 (126)=924\binom{12}{6}=924 种选法。总值至少为 5050 美分的情形包括:六枚都是十美分硬币;五枚十美分硬币加任意一枚其他硬币;或四枚十美分硬币加两枚五美分硬币。有利选法数为 (66)+(65)(61)+(64)(42)=1+36+90=127 \begin{aligned} &\binom66\\ &\quad+\binom65\binom61\\ &\quad+\binom64\binom42\\ &=1+36+90\\ &=127 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此概率为 127924\frac{127}{924}

因此,正确答案是 C

There are (126)=924\binom{12}{6}=924 selections. A value of at least 5050 cents occurs with six dimes; with five dimes and any one other coin; or with four dimes and two nickels. The favorable count is (66)+(65)(61)+(64)(42)=1+36+90=127. \begin{aligned} &\binom66\\ &\quad+\binom65\binom61\\ &\quad+\binom64\binom42\\ &=1+36+90\\ &=127. \end{aligned} Thus the probability is 127924.\frac{127}{924}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

21.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,CBA=72\angle CBA=72^\circEE 是边 ACAC 的中点,DD 是边 BCBC 上的一点且满足 2BD=DC2BD=DCADADBEBE 交于 FFBDF\triangle BDF 的面积与四边形 FDCEFDCE 的面积之比为

In triangle ABC,ABC, CBA=72,\angle CBA=72^\circ, EE is the midpoint of side AC,AC, and DD is a point on side BCBC such that 2BD=DC;2BD=DC; ADAD and BEBE intersect at F.F. The ratio of the area of BDF\triangle BDF to the area of quadrilateral FDCEFDCE is

15\frac15

14\frac14

13\frac13

25\frac25

以上都不是

none of these

答案:A
难度评级:2040
小提示:

仿射变换不改变面积比,因此可以选用方便的坐标

Area ratios are unchanged by an affine transformation, so convenient coordinates may be used

大提示:

先求比 AF:FDAF:FD,再将两个小三角形与 ABC\triangle ABC 比较

Find the ratio AF:FDAF:FD, then compare the small triangles with ABC\triangle ABC

解答:

ABC\triangle ABC 的总面积定为 11。因为 BD:DC=1:2BD:DC=1:2,所以 [ABD]=13[ABD]=\frac{1}{3},且 [ACD]=23[ACD]=\frac{2}{3}。中点和三等分条件给出 AF:FD=3:1AF:FD=3:1。因此 [BDF]=14[ABD]=112 [BDF]=\frac14[ABD]=\frac1{12}\text{。}此外,[AEF]=AEACAFAD[ACD]=123423=14 \begin{aligned} [AEF] &=\frac{AE}{AC}\frac{AF}{AD}[ACD]\\ &=\frac12\cdot\frac34\cdot\frac23\\ &=\frac14 \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 [FDCE]=2314=512[FDCE]=\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{5}{12},所求比为 112512=15\frac{\frac{1}{12}}{\frac{5}{12}}=\frac{1}{5}

因此,正确答案是 A

Scale the total area of ABC\triangle ABC to 1.1. Since BD:DC=1:2,BD:DC=1:2, we have [ABD]=13[ABD]=\frac{1}{3} and [ACD]=23.[ACD]=\frac{2}{3}. The midpoint and trisection conditions give AF:FD=3:1.AF:FD=3:1. Hence [BDF]=14[ABD]=112. [BDF]=\frac14[ABD]=\frac1{12}. Also [AEF]=AEACAFAD[ACD]=123423=14. \begin{aligned} [AEF] &=\frac{AE}{AC}\frac{AF}{AD}[ACD]\\ &=\frac12\cdot\frac34\cdot\frac23\\ &=\frac14. \end{aligned} Therefore [FDCE]=2314=512,[FDCE]=\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{5}{12}, and the requested ratio is 112512=15.\frac{\frac{1}{12}}{\frac{5}{12}}=\frac{1}{5}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

22.

对每个实数 xx,令 f(x)f(x)4x+14x+1x+2x+22x+4-2x+4 三者中的最小值。则 f(x)f(x) 的最大值为

For each real number x,x, let f(x)f(x) be the minimum of the numbers 4x+1,4x+1, x+2,x+2, and 2x+4.-2x+4. Then the maximum value of f(x)f(x) is

13\frac13

12\frac12

23\frac23

52\frac52

83\frac83

答案:E
难度评级:1980
小提示:

画出三条直线,并观察它们的下包络线

Sketch the three lines and follow their lower envelope

大提示:

最大值出现在起作用的递增直线与递减直线的交点处

The maximum occurs where the active increasing line meets the decreasing line

解答:

下包络线先取 4x+14x+1,直到它与 x+2x+2x=13x=\frac{1}{3} 相交;随后取 x+2x+2,直到它与 2x+4-2x+4x=23x=\frac{2}{3} 相交;此后则取 2x+4-2x+4。因此最大值在 x=23x=\frac{2}{3} 处取得,等于 23+2=83 \frac23+2=\frac83\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

The lower envelope is 4x+14x+1 until it meets x+2x+2 at x=13,x=\frac{1}{3}, then is x+2x+2 until that line meets 2x+4-2x+4 at x=23,x=\frac{2}{3}, and thereafter is 2x+4.-2x+4. Thus its maximum occurs at x=23x=\frac{2}{3} and equals 23+2=83. \frac23+2=\frac83.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

23.

从一个直角三角形中斜边所对的顶点,向斜边的两个三等分点各作一条线段。两条线段的长度分别为 sinx\sin xcosx\cos x,其中 xx 是满足 0<x<π20\lt x\lt\frac\pi2 的实数。斜边的长度为

Line segments drawn from the vertex opposite the hypotenuse of a right triangle to the points trisecting the hypotenuse have lengths sinx\sin x and cosx,\cos x, where xx is a real number such that 0<x<π2.0\lt x\lt\frac\pi2. The length of the hypotenuse is

43\frac43

32\frac32

355\frac{3\sqrt5}{5}

253\frac{2\sqrt5}{3}

由所给信息不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined by the given information

答案:C
难度评级:2100
小提示:

把斜边放在 xx 轴上,并为直角顶点设坐标

Put the hypotenuse on the xx-axis and assign coordinates to the right-angle vertex

大提示:

把从直角顶点到两个三等分点的线段长度的平方相加,使未知的水平位置消去

Add the squares of the two trisector-segment lengths so the unknown horizontal position cancels

解答:

设斜边端点为 (0,0)(0,0)(h,0)(h,0),直角顶点为 (u,v)(u,v)。直角条件给出 u2+v2=huu^2+v^2=hu。到 (h3,0)(\frac{h}{3},0)(2h3,0)(\frac{2h}{3},0) 的距离平方之和为 (uh3)2+v2+(u2h3)2+v2=5h29 \begin{aligned} &(u-\frac{h}{3})^2+v^2\\ &\quad+(u-\frac{2h}{3})^2+v^2 =\frac{5h^2}{9} \end{aligned}\text{。}另一方面,这个和也等于 sin2x+cos2x=1\sin^2x+\cos^2x=1。因此 h=35=355h=\frac{3}{\sqrt5}=\frac{3\sqrt5}{5}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the hypotenuse have endpoints (0,0)(0,0) and (h,0),(h,0), and let the right-angle vertex be (u,v).(u,v). The right-angle condition gives u2+v2=hu.u^2+v^2=hu. The squared distances to (h3,0)(\frac{h}{3},0) and (2h3,0)(\frac{2h}{3},0) sum to (uh3)2+v2+(u2h3)2+v2=5h29. \begin{aligned} &(u-\frac{h}{3})^2+v^2\\ &\quad+(u-\frac{2h}{3})^2+v^2 =\frac{5h^2}{9}. \end{aligned} This also equals sin2x+cos2x=1.\sin^2x+\cos^2x=1. Hence h=35=355.h=\frac{3}{\sqrt5}=\frac{3\sqrt5}{5}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

24.

对某个实数 rr,多项式 8x34x242x+458x^3-4x^2-42x+45 可被 (xr)2(x-r)^2 整除。下列哪个数最接近 rr

For some real number r,r, the polynomial 8x34x242x+458x^3-4x^2-42x+45 is divisible by (xr)2.(x-r)^2. Which of the following numbers is closest to r?r?

1.221.22

1.321.32

1.421.42

1.521.52

1.621.62

答案:D
难度评级:2040
小提示:

重根会以一次因式的平方出现

A repeated root appears as a squared linear factor

大提示:

把三次多项式完全因式分解,再把重根与所列小数比较

Factor the cubic completely and then compare the repeated root with the listed decimals

解答:

该多项式可分解为 8x34x242x+45=(2x3)2(2x+5) \begin{aligned} &8x^3-4x^2-42x+45\\ &\qquad=(2x-3)^2(2x+5) \end{aligned}\text{。}因此重根为 r=32=1.5r=\frac{3}{2}=1.5,所列数中最接近它的是 1.521.52

因此,正确答案是 D

The polynomial factors as 8x34x242x+45=(2x3)2(2x+5). \begin{aligned} &8x^3-4x^2-42x+45\\ &\qquad=(2x-3)^2(2x+5). \end{aligned} Thus the repeated root is r=32=1.5,r=\frac{3}{2}=1.5, and the nearest listed number is 1.52.1.52.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

25.

在非递减的奇整数数列 (a1,a2,a3,)=(1,3,3,3,5,5,5,5,5,) \begin{aligned} (a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots) ={}&(1,3,3,3,\\ &5,5,5,5,5,\ldots) \end{aligned} 中,每个正奇数 kk 出现 kk 次。已知存在整数 bbccdd,使得对所有正整数 nnan=bn+c+d a_n=b\left\lfloor\sqrt{n+c}\right\rfloor+d\text{,}其中 x\lfloor x\rfloor 表示不超过 xx 的最大整数。b+c+db+c+d 的值为

In the nondecreasing sequence of odd integers (a1,a2,a3,)=(1,3,3,3,5,5,5,5,5,) \begin{aligned} (a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots) ={}&(1,3,3,3,\\ &5,5,5,5,5,\ldots) \end{aligned} each positive odd integer kk appears kk times. It is a fact that there are integers b,b, c,c, and dd such that, for all positive integers n,n, an=bn+c+d, a_n=b\left\lfloor\sqrt{n+c}\right\rfloor+d, where x\lfloor x\rfloor denotes the largest integer not exceeding x.x. The sum b+c+db+c+d equals

00

11

22

33

44

答案:C
难度评级:2200
小提示:

mm 个正奇数之和为 m2m^2

The first mm positive odd integers have sum m2m^2

大提示:

n1\sqrt{n-1} 的下取整表示满足 m2nm^2\ge n 的最小 mm

Express the least mm with m2nm^2\ge n using a floor of n1\sqrt{n-1}

解答:

2m12m-1 最后一次出现的位置是 1+3++(2m1)=m2 1+3+\cdots+(2m-1)=m^2\text{。}因此 an=2n1=2n1+1 \begin{aligned} a_n&=2\left\lceil\sqrt n\right\rceil-1\\ &=2\left\lfloor\sqrt{n-1}\right\rfloor+1 \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 b=2b=2c=1c=-1d=1d=1,从而 b+c+d=2b+c+d=2

因此,正确答案是 C

The final occurrence of 2m12m-1 is in position 1+3++(2m1)=m2. 1+3+\cdots+(2m-1)=m^2. Therefore an=2n1=2n1+1. \begin{aligned} a_n&=2\left\lceil\sqrt n\right\rceil-1\\ &=2\left\lfloor\sqrt{n-1}\right\rfloor+1. \end{aligned} Thus b=2,b=2, c=1,c=-1, and d=1,d=1, so b+c+d=2.b+c+d=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

26.

四个半径为 11 的球两两相切,其中三个放在地面上,第四个放在其余三个球上。用一个每条棱长均为 ss 的正四面体外切于这四个球,则 ss 等于

Four balls of radius 11 are mutually tangent, three resting on the floor and the fourth resting on the others. A tetrahedron, each of whose edges has length s,s, is circumscribed around the balls. Then ss equals

424\sqrt2

434\sqrt3

262\sqrt6

1+261+2\sqrt6

2+262+2\sqrt6

答案:E
难度评级:2160
小提示:

四个球心组成棱长为 22 的正四面体

The four ball centers form a regular tetrahedron of edge 22

大提示:

外部正四面体的每个面都与相应的球心四面体面平行,并向外相距一个半径

The outer faces are parallel to the corresponding center-tetrahedron faces and one radius farther away

解答:

四个球心组成一个棱长为 22 的正四面体。它的内切球半径为 d=2612=66 d=\frac{2\sqrt6}{12}=\frac{\sqrt6}{6}\text{。}外切正四面体的每个面都与球心四面体的相应面平行,并且比该面到共同中心的距离多一个单位。由相似关系,s2=d+1d \frac{s}{2}=\frac{d+1}{d}\text{。}因此 s=2+2d=2+26s=2+\frac{2}{d}=2+2\sqrt6

因此,正确答案是 E

The ball centers form a regular tetrahedron of edge 2.2. Its inradius is d=2612=66. d=\frac{2\sqrt6}{12}=\frac{\sqrt6}{6}. Each face of the circumscribed tetrahedron is parallel to the corresponding face of this center tetrahedron and lies one unit farther from the common center. By similarity, s2=d+1d. \frac{s}{2}=\frac{d+1}{d}. Hence s=2+2d=2+26.s=2+\frac{2}{d}=2+2\sqrt6.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

27.

下式 5+2133+52133 \sqrt[3]{5+2\sqrt{13}} +\sqrt[3]{5-2\sqrt{13}} 等于

The sum 5+2133+52133 \sqrt[3]{5+2\sqrt{13}} +\sqrt[3]{5-2\sqrt{13}} equals

32\frac32

6534\frac{\sqrt[3]{65}}4

1+1362\frac{1+\sqrt[6]{13}}2

23\sqrt[3]2

以上都不是

none of these

答案:E
难度评级:2200
小提示:

把两个立方根分别记为 uuvv,并计算 uvuv

Call the two cube roots uu and vv, and compute uvuv

大提示:

利用 (u+v)3=u3+v3+3uv(u+v)(u+v)^3=u^3+v^3+3uv(u+v)

Use (u+v)3=u3+v3+3uv(u+v)(u+v)^3=u^3+v^3+3uv(u+v)

解答:

设两个实立方根分别为 uuvv。则 uv=25523=3,u3+v3=10 \begin{aligned} uv&=\sqrt[3]{25-52}=-3,\\ u^3+v^3&=10 \end{aligned}\text{。}t=u+vt=u+v,则 t3=109tt^3=10-9t,所以 t3+9t10=(t1)(t2+t+10)=0 \begin{gathered} t^3+9t-10\\ =(t-1)(t^2+t+10)\\ =0 \end{gathered}\text{。}唯一的实数解是 t=1t=1,但它不在选项中。

因此,正确答案是 E

Let the two real cube roots be uu and v.v. Then uv=25523=3,u3+v3=10. \begin{aligned} uv&=\sqrt[3]{25-52}=-3,\\ u^3+v^3&=10. \end{aligned} If t=u+v,t=u+v, then t3=109t,t^3=10-9t, so t3+9t10=(t1)(t2+t+10)=0. \begin{gathered} t^3+9t-10\\ =(t-1)(t^2+t+10)\\ =0. \end{gathered} The only real solution is t=1,t=1, which is not listed.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

28.

nn 等于下列哪个数时,多项式 x2n+1+(x+1)2nx^{2n}+1+(x+1)^{2n} 不能被 x2+x+1x^2+x+1 整除?

The polynomial x2n+1+(x+1)2nx^{2n}+1+(x+1)^{2n} is not divisible by x2+x+1x^2+x+1 if nn equals

1717

2020

2121

6464

6565

答案:C
难度评级:2100
小提示:

把非实三次单位根 ω\omega 代入该多项式

Evaluate the polynomial at a nonreal cube root of unity ω\omega

大提示:

利用 1+ω=ω21+\omega=-\omega^2,并按 nn33 的余数分类

Use 1+ω=ω21+\omega=-\omega^2 and consider nn modulo 33

解答:

ω2+ω+1=0\omega^2+\omega+1=0。由于 1+ω=ω21+\omega=-\omega^2,把 ω\omega 代入多项式可得 ω2n+1+ω4n \omega^{2n}+1+\omega^{4n}\text{。}该式通常为 00;仅当 ω2n=1\omega^{2n}=1 时,它才等于 33。后一种情形恰好在 nn33 的倍数时发生。选项中只有 2121 能被 33 整除,所以此时整除性不成立。

因此,正确答案是 C

Let ω2+ω+1=0.\omega^2+\omega+1=0. Since 1+ω=ω2,1+\omega=-\omega^2, the polynomial evaluated at ω\omega is ω2n+1+ω4n. \omega^{2n}+1+\omega^{4n}. This is 00 unless ω2n=1,\omega^{2n}=1, in which case it is 3.3. The latter occurs exactly when nn is divisible by 3.3. Among the choices only 2121 is divisible by 3,3, so that is the value for which divisibility fails.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

29.

有多少个整数有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x,y,z) 满足下列方程组:x23xy+2y2z2=31,x2+6yz+2z2=44,x2+xy+8z2=100 \begin{aligned} x^2-3xy+2y^2-z^2&=31,\\ -x^2+6yz+2z^2&=44,\\ x^2+xy+8z^2&=100 \end{aligned}\text{?}

How many ordered triples (x,y,z)(x,y,z) of integers satisfy the system of equations below? x23xy+2y2z2=31,x2+6yz+2z2=44,x2+xy+8z2=100. \begin{aligned} x^2-3xy+2y^2-z^2&=31,\\ -x^2+6yz+2z^2&=44,\\ x^2+xy+8z^2&=100. \end{aligned}

00

11

22

大于二的有限数

a finite number greater than two

无穷多个

infinitely many

答案:A
难度评级:2100
小提示:

在尝试解出变量之前,先把三个方程相加

Add all three equations before trying to solve for the variables

大提示:

把所得二次型改写为两个平方之和,再模 44 考察

Rewrite the resulting quadratic form as a sum of two squares and reduce modulo 44

解答:

三个方程相加得到 x22xy+2y2+6yz+9z2=175 \begin{aligned} x^2-2xy+2y^2 &{}+6yz+9z^2\\ &=175 \end{aligned}\text{,}(xy)2+(y+3z)2=175 (x-y)^2+(y+3z)^2=175\text{。}一个平方同余于 001(mod4)1\pmod4,所以两个平方之和不可能同余于 3(mod4)3\pmod4。但 1753(mod4)175\equiv3\pmod4,矛盾。因此不存在整数有序三元组。

因此,正确答案是 A

Adding the three equations gives x22xy+2y2+6yz+9z2=175, \begin{aligned} x^2-2xy+2y^2 &{}+6yz+9z^2\\ &=175, \end{aligned} or (xy)2+(y+3z)2=175. (x-y)^2+(y+3z)^2=175. A square is congruent to 00 or 1(mod4),1\pmod4, so a sum of two squares cannot be congruent to 3(mod4).3\pmod4. But 1753(mod4),175\equiv3\pmod4, a contradiction. Thus there are no integer triples.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

30.

一个六位数(1010 进制)称为准平方数,如果它满足下列条件:

(i)每一位都不是零;

(ii)它是完全平方数;并且

(iii)把这个数的前两位、中间两位和后两位分别看作两位数时,它们都是完全平方数。

共有多少个准平方数?

A six digit number (base 1010) is squarish if it satisfies the following conditions:

(i) none of its digits is zero;

(ii) it is a perfect square; and

(iii) the first two digits, the middle two digits and the last two digits of the number are all perfect squares when considered as two digit numbers.

How many squarish numbers are there?

00

22

33

88

99

答案:B
难度评级:2160
小提示:

列出所有不含零的两位完全平方数

List the two-digit perfect squares having no zero digit

大提示:

用前两位把平方根限制在一个很短的区间内,再按最后两位筛选

Use the first pair to restrict the square root to a short interval, then filter by the final pair

解答:

每个两位数块都必须属于 {16,25,36,49,64,81} \{16,25,36,49,64,81\}\text{。}先用前两位限制平方根,再只保留最后两位合格的平方数,可得下列可能的中间两位:

前两位 可能的中间两位
1616 323240404848565664647272
2525 404050506060707080809090
3636 48486060727284849696
4949 5656707084849898
6464 646480809696
8181 72729090

只有中间两位 6464 合格,由此得到 166464=4082,646416=8042 \begin{aligned} 166464&=408^2,\\ 646416&=804^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此共有 22 个准平方数。

因此,正确答案是 B

Each two-digit block must belong to {16,25,36,49,64,81}. \{16,25,36,49,64,81\}. Restricting the square root by the first block and retaining only squares with an allowed final block leaves the following possible middle blocks:

first block possible middle blocks
1616 32,32, 40,40, 48,48, 56,56, 64,64, 7272
2525 40,40, 50,50, 60,60, 70,70, 80,80, 9090
3636 48,48, 60,60, 72,72, 84,84, 9696
4949 56,56, 70,70, 84,84, 9898
6464 64,64, 80,80, 9696
8181 72,72, 9090

Only the middle block 6464 is allowed, producing 166464=4082,646416=8042. \begin{aligned} 166464&=408^2,\\ 646416&=804^2. \end{aligned} Thus there are 22 squarish numbers.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.