1986 AMC 12 第 28 题

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28.

ABCDEABCDE 是正五边形。APAPAQAQARAR 分别是从 AA 点向 CDCDCBCB 的延长线和 DEDE 的延长线所作的垂线。设 OO 为该五边形的中心。若 OP=1OP=1,则 AO+AQ+ARAO+AQ+AR 等于

ABCDEABCDE is a regular pentagon. AP,AP, AQAQ and ARAR are the perpendiculars dropped from AA onto CD,CD, CBCB extended and DEDE extended, respectively. Let OO be the center of the pentagon. If OP=1,OP=1, then AO+AQ+ARAO+AQ+AR equals

33

1+51+\sqrt5

44

2+52+\sqrt5

55

答案:C
知识点:regular pentagon面积分割高线
难度评级:2320
小提示:

设边长为 ss,利用以中心为顶点的五个三角形计算五边形的面积

Let ss be the side length and compute the pentagon’s area from its five central triangles

大提示:

也可将五边形分成三角形 ABCABCACDACDADEADE,其高分别为 AQ,AP,ARAQ,AP,AR

Also split the pentagon into triangles ABC,ABC, ACDACD and ADEADE with altitudes AQ,AP,ARAQ,AP,AR

解答:

设边长为 ss。由于边心距 OP=1OP=1,由以中心为顶点的五个三角形可得五边形的面积为 5s2\frac{5s}{2}。同一个五边形也是三角形 ABCABCACDACDADEADE 的并,这三个三角形以五边形边长为底时的高分别为 AQ,AP,ARAQ,AP,AR。因此 s2(AQ+AP+AR)=5s2 \frac{s}{2}(AQ+AP+AR)=\frac{5s}{2}\text{,}所以 AQ+AP+AR=5AQ+AP+AR=5。此外,AP=AO+OP=AO+1AP=AO+OP=AO+1。因此 AO+AQ+AR=4AO+AQ+AR=4

因此正确答案是 C

Let the side length be s.s. Since the apothem OP=1,OP=1, the five central triangles give pentagon area 5s2.\frac{5s}{2}. The same pentagon is the union of triangles ABC,ABC, ACDACD and ADE,ADE, whose respective altitudes to side-length bases are AQ,AP,AR.AQ,AP,AR. Hence s2(AQ+AP+AR)=5s2, \frac{s}{2}(AQ+AP+AR)=\frac{5s}{2}, so AQ+AP+AR=5.AQ+AP+AR=5. Also AP=AO+OP=AO+1.AP=AO+OP=AO+1. Therefore AO+AQ+AR=4.AO+AQ+AR=4.

Thus the correct answer is C.

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