1977 AMC 12 第 28 题

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28.

g(x)=x5+x4+x3g(x)=x^5+x^4+x^3 +x2+x+1{}+x^2+x+1。多项式 g(x12)g(x^{12}) 除以多项式 g(x)g(x) 的余数是什么?

Let g(x)=x5+x4+x3g(x)=x^5+x^4+x^3 +x2+x+1.{}+x^2+x+1. What is the remainder when the polynomial g(x12)g(x^{12}) is divided by the polynomial g(x)?g(x)?

66

5x5-x

4x+x24-x+x^2

3x+x2x33-x+x^2-x^3

2x+x2x3+x42-x+x^2-x^3+x^4

答案:A
知识点:多项式单位根
难度评级:2300
小提示:

利用 (x1)g(x)=x61(x-1)g(x)=x^6-1

Use (x1)g(x)=x61(x-1)g(x)=x^6-1

大提示:

gg 的五个根处计算余式的值,并利用余式的次数上界

Evaluate the remainder at the five roots of gg and use its degree bound

解答:

R(x)R(x) 为余式,则 degR4\deg R\le4gg 的五个根 α\alpha 满足 α6=1\alpha^6=1α1\alpha\ne1。因此 α12=1\alpha^{12}=1,并且 R(α)=g(α12)=g(1)=6 R(\alpha)=g(\alpha^{12})=g(1)=6\text{。}所以次数至多为 44 的多项式 R(x)6R(x)-6 有五个不同的根。它只能恒为零,因此 R(x)=6R(x)=6

因此,正确答案是 A

Let R(x)R(x) be the remainder, so degR4.\deg R\le4. The five roots α\alpha of gg satisfy α6=1\alpha^6=1 and α1.\alpha\ne1. Hence α12=1\alpha^{12}=1 and R(α)=g(α12)=g(1)=6. R(\alpha)=g(\alpha^{12})=g(1)=6. Therefore R(x)6,R(x)-6, a polynomial of degree at most 4,4, has five distinct roots. It must be identically zero, so R(x)=6.R(x)=6.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

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