1981 AMC 12 第 28 题

先试着解答 1981 AMC 12 第 28 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1981 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

28.

考虑所有形如 x3+a2x2+a1x+a0=0x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0=0 的方程,其中 a2a_2a1a_1a0a_0 都是实常数,并且 ai2|a_i|\le2,其中 i=0i=01122。令 rr 为至少满足其中一个方程的最大正实数。则

Consider the set of all equations x3+a2x2+a1x+a0=0,x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0=0, where a2,a_2, a1,a_1, a0a_0 are real constants and ai2|a_i|\le2 for i=0,i=0, 1,1, 2.2. Let rr be the largest positive real number which satisfies at least one of these equations. Then

1r<321\le r\lt\frac32

32r<2\frac32\le r\lt2

2r<522\le r\lt\frac52

52r<3\frac52\le r\lt3

3r<723\le r\lt\frac72

答案:D
知识点:多项式不等式极限情形界定
难度评级:2210
小提示:

对于正数 xx,要把根尽量向右推,各系数应取到其下界

For positive x,x, the coefficients that push a root farthest right take their lower bounds

大提示:

用两个相邻选项的端点夹住 x32x22x2x^3-2x^2-2x-2 的最大根

Bracket the largest root of x32x22x2x^3-2x^2-2x-2 at two consecutive choice endpoints

解答:

将一个允许的多项式记为 gg。当 x0x\ge0 时,g(x)=x3+a2x2+a1x+a0f(x) \begin{aligned} g(x)&=x^3+a_2x^2\\ &\quad+a_1x+a_0\\ &\ge f(x) \end{aligned}\text{,}其中 f(x)=x32x22x2f(x)=x^3-2x^2-2x-2。因此,任何正根都不会超过最大根 ρ\rho(即 ff 的最大根)。取 a2=a1=a0=2a_2=a_1=a_0=-2g=fg=f,所以 ρ\rho 本身可以取到。由于 f(52)=318<0,f(3)=1>0 \begin{gathered} f\left(\frac52\right)=-\frac{31}{8}\lt0,\\ f(3)=1\gt0 \end{gathered}\text{,}可得 52<ρ<3\frac{5}{2}\lt\rho\lt3

所以正确答案是 D

Write an allowed polynomial as g.g. For x0,x\ge0, g(x)=x3+a2x2+a1x+a0f(x), \begin{aligned} g(x)&=x^3+a_2x^2\\ &\quad+a_1x+a_0\\ &\ge f(x), \end{aligned} where f(x)=x32x22x2.f(x)=x^3-2x^2-2x-2. Thus no positive root can exceed the largest root ρ\rho of f.f. Taking a2=a1=a0=2a_2=a_1=a_0=-2 gives g=f,g=f, so ρ\rho itself is attained. Since f(52)=318<0,f(3)=1>0, \begin{gathered} f\left(\frac52\right)=-\frac{31}{8}\lt0,\\ f(3)=1\gt0, \end{gathered} we have 52<ρ<3.\frac{5}{2}\lt\rho\lt3.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

← 第 27 题#27
完整试卷

其他年份的第 28 题

1950 AMC 12 · 1951 AMC 12 · 1952 AMC 12 · 1953 AMC 12 · 1954 AMC 12 · 1955 AMC 12 · 1956 AMC 12 · 1957 AMC 12 · 1958 AMC 12 · 1959 AMC 12 · 1960 AMC 12 · 1961 AMC 12 · 1962 AMC 12 · 1963 AMC 12 · 1964 AMC 12 · 1965 AMC 12 · 1966 AMC 12 · 1967 AMC 12 · 1968 AMC 12 · 1969 AMC 12 · 1970 AMC 12 · 1971 AMC 12 · 1972 AMC 12 · 1973 AMC 12 · 1974 AMC 12 · 1975 AMC 12 · 1976 AMC 12 · 1977 AMC 12 · 1978 AMC 12 · 1979 AMC 12 · 1980 AMC 12 · 1982 AMC 12 · 1983 AMC 12 · 1984 AMC 12 · 1985 AMC 12 · 1986 AMC 12 · 1987 AMC 12 · 1988 AMC 12 · 1989 AMC 12 · 1990 AMC 12 · 1991 AMC 12 · 1992 AMC 12 · 1993 AMC 12 · 1994 AMC 12 · 1995 AMC 12 · 1996 AMC 12 · 1997 AMC 12 · 1998 AMC 12 · 1999 AMC 12