1990 AMC 12 第 28 题

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28.

一个四边形的连续四条边长依次为 70709090130130110110。它既内接于一个圆,又有一个圆内切于它。内切圆与长度为 130130 的边相切,切点将该边分成长度为 xxyy 的两段。求 xy|x-y|

A quadrilateral that has consecutive sides of lengths 70,70, 90,90, 130,130, and 110110 is inscribed in a circle and also has a circle inscribed in it. The point of tangency of the inscribed circle to the side of length 130130 divides that side into segments of lengths xx and y.y. Find xy.|x-y|.

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1616

答案:B
知识点:tangential quadrilateral圆内接四边形tangent lengths
难度评级:2760
小提示:

在每个顶点处设一个切线段长,使相邻的两个切线段长之和等于对应边长

Assign one tangent length to each vertex, so adjacent pairs sum to the four side lengths

大提示:

对于互补的两个对角,两个顶点处的切线段长之积相等

For supplementary opposite angles, the products of the tangent lengths at opposite vertices are equal

解答:

设从连续四个顶点引出的切线段长为 u,v,w,zu,v,w,z。则 u+v=70,v+w=90,w+z=130,z+u=110 \begin{aligned} u+v&=70, &v+w&=90,\\ w+z&=130, &z+u&=110 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 v=70uv=70-uw=20+uw=20+uz=110uz=110-u。若内切圆半径为 rr,则角 AA 所在顶点的切线段长为 rcot(A2)r\cot(\frac{A}{2})。两个对角互补,所以 uw=vzuw=vz。因此 u(20+u)=(70u)(110u) u(20+u)=(70-u)(110-u)\text{,}解得 u=38.5u=38.5。所以长度为 130130 的边上的两段分别为 w=58.5w=58.5z=71.5z=71.5,两者之差为 1313

所以正确答案是 B

Let the tangent lengths from the four consecutive vertices be u,v,w,z.u,v,w,z. Then u+v=70,v+w=90,w+z=130,z+u=110. \begin{aligned} u+v&=70, &v+w&=90,\\ w+z&=130, &z+u&=110. \end{aligned} Thus v=70u,v=70-u, w=20+u,w=20+u, and z=110u.z=110-u. If the inradius is r,r, a vertex with angle AA has tangent length rcot(A2).r\cot(\frac{A}{2}). Opposite angles are supplementary, so uw=vz.uw=vz. Therefore u(20+u)=(70u)(110u), u(20+u)=(70-u)(110-u), giving u=38.5.u=38.5. Hence the two segments of the 130130-side are w=58.5w=58.5 and z=71.5,z=71.5, whose difference is 13.13.

Thus the correct answer is B.

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