2025 AMC 12A 第 4 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

4.

Agnes 在一张空白纸上写下下面四个陈述。

• 这些陈述中至少有一个是真的。

• 这些陈述中至少有两个是真的。

• 这些陈述中至少有两个是假的。

• 这些陈述中至少有一个是假的。

每个陈述要么真,要么假。Agnes 在纸上写了多少个假陈述?

Agnes writes the following four statements on a blank piece of paper.

• At least one of these statements is true.

• At least two of these statements are true.

• At least two of these statements are false.

• At least one of these statements is false.

Each statement is either true or false. How many false statements did Agnes write on the paper?

00

11

22

33

44

答案:B
知识点:逻辑推理分类讨论
难度评级:1200
解答:

TT 为真陈述的数量。这四个陈述分别断言 T1T \ge 1T2T \ge 2T2T \le 2T3T \le 3

检查 T=3T = 3:条件 T1T\ge1T2T\ge2T3T\le3 成立,也就是第一、第二、第四个陈述为真;而 T2T\le2 不成立,也就是第三个陈述为假。恰好有 33 个陈述为真,与 T=3T = 3 一致。

没有其他 T=0,1,2,3,4T=0,1,2,3,4 值一致,所以恰好有一个陈述是假的。 2,3,4,3,22,3,4,3,2

因此,正确答案是 B

Let TT be the number of true statements. The statements assert T1,T \ge 1, T2,T \ge 2, T2,T \le 2, and T3,T \le 3, respectively.

Testing T=3T = 3: the conditions T1,T\ge1, T2,T\ge2, T3T\le3 hold (statements one, two, four) and T2T\le2 fails (statement three). Exactly 33 statements are true, matching T=3.T = 3.

For T=0,1,2,3,4,T=0,1,2,3,4, the respective numbers of true conditions are 2,3,4,3,2,2,3,4,3,2, so no other value is self-consistent. Therefore exactly one statement is false.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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