1999 AMC 12 第 28 题

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28.

x1,x2,,xnx_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n 是一个整数序列,满足:

(i) 对 i=1,2,3,,ni = 1, 2, 3, \ldots, n1xi2-1 \le x_i \le 2

(ii) x1+x2++xn=19x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n = 19

(iii) x12+x22++xn2=99x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_n^2 = 99

mmMM 分别为 x13+x23++xn3x_1^3 + x_2^3 + \cdots + x_n^3 的最小和最大可能值。求 Mm\dfrac{M}{m}

Let x1,x2,,xnx_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n be a sequence of integers such that

(i) for i=1,2,3,,n,i = 1, 2, 3, \ldots, n, 1xi2-1 \le x_i \le 2;

(ii) x1+x2++xn=19;x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n = 19; and

(iii) x12+x22++xn2=99.x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_n^2 = 99.

Let mm and MM be the minimal and maximal possible values of x13+x23++xn3,x_1^3 + x_2^3 + \cdots + x_n^3, respectively. What is Mm?\dfrac{M}{m}?

33

44

55

66

77

答案:E
知识点:方程组最优化
难度评级:2240
解答:

a,b,ca, b, c 分别为 1-11122 的个数。则 a+b+2c=19-a + b + 2c = 19,且 a+b+4c=99a + b + 4c = 99,解得 a=40ca = 40 - cb=593cb = 59 - 3c,并且 0c190 \le c \le 19

立方和为 a+b+8c=19+6c-a + b + 8c = 19 + 6c。最小值在 c=0c = 0 时为 1919,最大值在 c=19c = 19 时为 133133。因此 Mm=13319=7\dfrac{M}{m} = \dfrac{133}{19} = 7

所以正确答案是 E

Let a,b,ca, b, c be the numbers of 1-1s, 11s, and 22s. Then a+b+2c=19-a + b + 2c = 19 and a+b+4c=99,a + b + 4c = 99, giving a=40ca = 40 - c and b=593cb = 59 - 3c with 0c19.0 \le c \le 19.

The sum of cubes is a+b+8c=19+6c.-a + b + 8c = 19 + 6c. The minimum is at c=0c = 0 (value 1919) and the maximum at c=19c = 19 (value 133133), so Mm=13319=7.\dfrac{M}{m} = \dfrac{133}{19} = 7.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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