1993 AMC 12 第 28 题

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28.

在 xyxy 平面内,坐标为整数 (x,y)(x,y) 且满足 1≤x≤41\le x\le4、1≤y≤41\le y\le4 的点作为顶点,可以组成多少个面积为正的三角形?

How many triangles with positive area are there whose vertices are points in the xyxy-plane whose coordinates are integers (x,y)(x,y) satisfying 1≤x≤41\le x\le4 and 1≤y≤4?1\le y\le4?

496496

500500

512512

516516

560560

答案:D
知识点:lattice points组合collinear triples
难度评级:2260
小提示:

从全部 (163)\binom{16}{3} 个三点组开始,减去三点共线的情形。

Start with all (163)\binom{16}{3} triples and subtract collinear ones

大提示:

三个格点共线时,只可能位于水平线、竖直线或斜率为 ±1\pm1 的对角线上。

Three collinear grid points can occur only horizontally, vertically, or on a slope-±1\pm1 diagonal

解答:

共有 (163)=560\binom{16}{3}=560 个格点三元组。四行和四列贡献了 8(43)=32 8\binom43=32 个共线三元组。对斜率 11,能容纳三个点的对角线长度依次为 33、44、33,贡献 (33)+(43)+(33)=6\binom33+\binom43+\binom33=6 个;斜率 −1-1 再贡献 66 个。在一个 44 乘 44 的点阵中,其他斜率都不能容纳三个格点。因此面积为正的三角形数为 560−32−6−6=516560-32-6-6=516。故正确答案是 D。

There are (163)=560\binom{16}{3}=560 triples of grid points. The four rows and four columns contribute 8(43)=32 8\binom43=32 collinear triples. For slope 1,1, the diagonal lengths capable of containing three points are 3,3, 4,4, 3,3, contributing (33)+(43)+(33)=6;\binom33+\binom43+\binom33=6; slope −1-1 contributes another 6.6. No other slope fits three lattice points inside a 44-by-44 point array. Thus the number of positive-area triangles is 560−32−6−6=516.560-32-6-6=516. Thus the correct answer is D.

第 27 题#27
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