1993 AMC 12 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
对整数 、、,定义 表示 。那么 等于
For integers and define to mean Then equals
答案:D
小提示:
按给定顺序代入三个数。
Substitute the three entries in their stated order
大提示:
注意 且 。
Remember that and
解答:
根据定义,因此正确答案是 D。
By the definition, Thus the correct answer is D.
2.
在 中,、,点 在边 上,点 在边 上。若 ,则
In is on side and is on side If then
答案:D
小提示:
先求 。
First determine
大提示:
三角形 是以 为顶角顶点的等腰三角形。
Triangle is isosceles with vertex at
解答:
有 等于 。因为 和 分别位于 和 上,所以 。又因为 , 的两个底角均为 因此正确答案是 D。
We have equal to Because and lie on and respectively, Since the two base angles of are Thus the correct answer is D.
3.
答案:E
小提示:
将 写成 。
Write as
大提示:
把分子和分母合并到同一个十五次幂中。
Combine the numerator and denominator inside one fifteenth power
解答:
利用相同的指数,因此正确答案是 E。
Using a common exponent, Thus the correct answer is E.
4.
定义运算“”为 ,其中 和 为任意实数。有多少个实数 满足 ?
Define the operation “” by for all real numbers and For how many real numbers does
多于 个
more than
答案:E
小提示:
在运算定义中代入 。
Substitute into the operation
大提示:
检查含 的项是否相消。
Check whether the terms containing cancel
解答:
对任意实数 ,都有 因此每个实数 都满足条件,所以这样的数多于 个。故正确答案是 E。
For every real Hence every real number works, so there are more than such numbers. Thus the correct answer is E.
5.
去年,一辆自行车售价 ,一个自行车头盔售价 。今年,自行车价格上涨了 ,头盔价格上涨了 。自行车与头盔的总价上涨了百分之多少?
Last year a bicycle cost and a cycling helmet cost This year the cost of the bicycle increased by and the cost of the helmet increased by The percent increase in the combined cost of the bicycle and the helmet is
答案:A
小提示:
分别求出两件商品上涨的金额。
Find the dollar increase for each item
大提示:
将总上涨金额与去年的总价比较。
Compare the total increase with last year’s combined cost
解答:
自行车涨价 ,头盔涨价 ,总计涨价 。去年的总价为 ,所以涨幅为 因此正确答案是 A。
The bicycle increases by and the helmet by for a total increase of Last year’s combined cost was so the percent increase is Thus the correct answer is A.
6.
答案:B
小提示:
把每个幂都改写成以 为底。
Rewrite every power with base
大提示:
从分子和分母中分别提出较小的幂。
Factor the smaller power from the numerator and denominator
解答:
将各项都写成 的幂,得到 它的正平方根是 。因此正确答案是 B。
Writing all terms as powers of Its positive square root is Thus the correct answer is B.
7.
符号 表示一个十进制整数,它由连续 个数字一组成。例如,、 等。用 除以 ,所得商 是一个十进制表示中只含一和零的整数。 中零的个数是
The symbol stands for an integer whose base-ten representation is a sequence of ones. For example, etc. When is divided by the quotient is an integer whose base-ten representation is a sequence containing only ones and zeros. The number of zeros in is
答案:E
小提示:
使用 。
Use
大提示:
商中有六个一,相邻两个一相隔四个位值。
The quotient has six ones, each four places apart
解答:
将这 个数字每四个分为一组,得到 因此 中有六个一,每相邻两个一之间有三个零。所以共有 个零。故正确答案是 E。
Grouping the digits into six blocks of four gives Thus has six ones, with three zeros between each consecutive pair. It therefore has zeros. Thus the correct answer is E.
8.
设 和 是同一平面内两个半径为 且互相相切的圆。该平面内有多少个半径为 且同时与 和 相切的圆?
Let and be circles of radius that are in the same plane and tangent to each other. How many circles of radius are in this plane and tangent to both and
答案:D
小提示:
半径为 的圆与每个单位圆都可能内切或外切。
A radius- circle can be internally or externally tangent to each unit circle
大提示:
对它的圆心,考察距离对 、、 和 。
For its center, consider distance pairs and
解答:
两个相切单位圆的圆心相距 个单位。若新圆与单位圆外切,其圆心到单位圆圆心的距离必须为 ;若内切,则为 。距离对 给出两个圆心, 也是如此。混合距离对 和 各给出一个圆心,因为相应的圆心轨迹圆内切。因此共有 个圆。故正确答案是 D。
Let the centers of the tangent unit circles be units apart. The new center must be units from a unit-circle center for external tangency and units away for internal tangency. The distance pair gives two centers, as does Each mixed pair and gives one center because the corresponding center-circles are internally tangent. Hence there are circles. Thus the correct answer is D.
9.
国家 的人口占世界人口的 ,拥有世界财富的 。国家 的人口占世界人口的 ,拥有世界财富的 。假设 国公民平均分享 国财富, 国公民也平均分享 国财富。求 国一名公民的财富与 国一名公民的财富之比。
Country has of the world’s population and owns of the world’s wealth. Country has of the world’s population and of its wealth. Assume that the citizens of share the wealth of equally, and assume that those of share the wealth of equally. Find the ratio of the wealth of a citizen of to the wealth of a citizen of
答案:D
小提示:
人均财富等于总财富除以人口。
Per-capita wealth is total wealth divided by population
大提示:
写出比值 。
Form the ratio
解答:
国家 的人均财富与 成正比,而国家 的人均财富与 成正比。二者之比为 因此正确答案是 D。
Country ’s per-capita share is proportional to while country ’s is proportional to Their ratio is Thus the correct answer is D.
10.
设 为将 的底数和指数都变为原来的三倍后所得的数,其中 、。若 等于 与 的乘积,其中 ,则
Let be the number that results when both the base and the exponent of are tripled, where If equals the product of and where then
答案:C
小提示:
将底数和指数都变为三倍,会把 变成 。
Tripling both parts changes to
大提示:
改写等式,使两边都是 次幂。
Rewrite the equality so both sides are th powers
解答:
有 另一方面,。由各量为正,可令两边底数相等,于是 ,从而 。因此正确答案是 C。
We have Also Positivity allows us to equate the bases, so and Thus the correct answer is C.
11.
若 ,则 的十进制表示有多少位?
If then how many digits are in the base-ten representation for
答案:A
小提示:
从最外层开始,逐层撤销对数运算。
Undo the logarithms one at a time from the outside
大提示:
依次得到的值为 、 和 ,然后再求 。
The successive values are and before solving for
解答:
逐层撤销对数运算,得到 这个数的十进制表示有 位。因此正确答案是 A。
Undoing the logarithms gives This number has decimal digits. Thus the correct answer is A.
12.
若 对所有 都成立,则
If for all then
答案:E
小提示:
为求 ,将已知式中的自变量替换为 。
To obtain replace the given input variable by
大提示:
化简 。
Simplify
解答:
将已知式中的 替换为 ,得到 因此 。故正确答案是 E。
Replacing the given by yields Therefore Thus the correct answer is E.
13.
一个周长为 的正方形内接于一个周长为 的正方形。内正方形的一个顶点与外正方形的一个顶点之间的最大距离是多少?
A square of perimeter is inscribed in a square of perimeter What is the greatest distance between a vertex of the inner square and a vertex of the outer square?
答案:D
小提示:
内正方形的一个顶点将外正方形的一条边分成长为 和 的两段。
A vertex of the inner square divides an outer side into lengths and
大提示:
使用 和 。
Use and
解答:
外、内正方形的边长分别为 和 。在任意一个内正方形顶点处,外正方形一条边被分成长度为 和 的两段,且 因此 ,所以 。从位于一条边上的内正方形顶点到较远的对面外正方形顶点,水平位移为 ,竖直位移为 。所以最大距离为 。故正确答案是 D。
The outer and inner side lengths are and At any inner vertex, the two pieces of the outer side have lengths and with Hence so From an inner vertex on one side, the farther opposite outer vertex has horizontal displacement and vertical displacement The greatest distance is therefore Thus the correct answer is D.
14.
凸五边形 满足 、 且 。求 的面积。
The convex pentagon has and What is the area of
答案:B
小提示:
作 ,将五边形分成一个梯形和一个三角形。
Draw to split the pentagon into a trapezoid and a triangle
大提示:
由角度条件可得 ,所以 是等边三角形。
The angle conditions give so is equilateral
解答:
取 、。由两个 角以及边长 ,得到 因此 是高为 、两底长为 和 的梯形,其面积为 。又因为 ,所以 是面积为 的等边三角形。总面积为 。因此正确答案是 B。
Place and The angles and side lengths give Thus is a trapezoid of height and bases and so its area is Also making equilateral with area The total area is Thus the correct answer is B.
15.
有多少个 值能使正 边形的内角度数为整数?
For how many values of will an -sided regular polygon have interior angles with integral degree measures?
小提示:
一个内角为 。
An interior angle is
大提示:
数出因数 的所有可能值,使其整除 ,并排除小于 的值。
Count divisors of and exclude values below
解答:
内角为 ,其度数为整数当且仅当 能被 整除。因为 ,它有 个正因数。排除 和 后,剩下 个可行值。因此正确答案是 D。
The interior angle is which is integral exactly when is divisible by Since it has positive divisors. Excluding and leaves allowable values. Thus the correct answer is D.
16.
考虑如下正整数非递减数列: 其中第 个正整数出现 次。第 项除以 的余数是
Consider the non-decreasing sequence of positive integers in which the th positive integer appears times. The remainder when the rd term is divided by is
答案:D
小提示:
数 最后一次出现的位置是 。
The final occurrence of is in position
大提示:
将 与对应于 和 的三角数比较。
Compare with the triangular numbers for and
解答:
最后一个 出现在位置 而最后一个 出现在位置 。因此第 项是 ,它除以 的余数为 。故正确答案是 D。
The last occurs in position while the last occurs in position Thus the rd term is whose remainder modulo is Thus the correct answer is D.
17.
艾米在一个正方形钟面上画了飞镖盘,并以各整点方向为分界线,如图所示。设 为八个三角形区域之一的面积,例如 点方向与 点方向之间的区域;设 为四个角部四边形区域之一的面积,例如 点方向与 点方向之间的区域。则
Amy painted a dart board over a square clock face using the “hour positions” as boundaries. [See figure.] If is the area of one of the eight triangular regions such as that between o’clock and o’clock, and is the area of one of the four corner quadrilaterals such as that between o’clock and o’clock, then
答案:A
小提示:
缩放正方形,使其四边分别位于 和 。
Scale the square so its sides are and
大提示:
点方向的射线与上边相交处满足 。
The o’clock ray meets the top side at
解答:
令正方形为 ,其中心为原点。 点方向的射线与上边相交于 ,所以 角部四边形的顶点为 、、、。其面积为 。因此 故正确答案是 A。
Let the square be and its center be the origin. The o’clock ray meets the top side at so The corner quadrilateral has vertices Its area is Hence Thus the correct answer is A.
18.
阿尔和芭布在同一天开始新工作。阿尔的工作安排是工作 天后休息 天。芭布的安排是工作 天后休息 天。在最初的 天中,有多少天两人同时休息?
Al and Barb start their new jobs on the same day. Al’s schedule is work-days followed by rest-day. Barb’s schedule is work-days followed by rest-days. On how many of their first days do both have rest-days on the same day?
答案:E
小提示:
两人的合并日程每 天重复一次。
The combined schedule repeats every days
大提示:
在一个 天周期内,比较阿尔和芭布的休息日。
Within one -day cycle, compare Al’s rest days with Barb’s
解答:
合并后的规律每 天重复一次。阿尔在第 、、、、 天休息,而芭布在第 、、、、、 天休息。两人共同的休息日是第 天和第 天,每个周期有两天。共有 个周期,因此共同休息日有 天。故正确答案是 E。
The combined pattern repeats every days. Al rests on days while Barb rests on days Their common rest days are and two per cycle. There are cycles, giving common rest days. Thus the correct answer is E.
19.
有多少个正整数有序对 满足
How many ordered pairs of positive integers are solutions to
多于 个
more than
答案:D
小提示:
消去分母,并配成含 和 的乘积。
Clear denominators and complete a product involving and
大提示:
原方程等价于 。
The equation is equivalent to
解答:
消去分母并整理,得到 两个因数都必须为正。 的四个有序正因数对给出 因此正确答案是 D。
Clearing denominators and rearranging gives Both factors must be positive. The four ordered positive factor pairs of give Thus the correct answer is D.
20.
考虑方程 ,其中 是复变量且 。下列哪个说法正确?
Consider the equation where is a complex variable and Which of the following statements is true?
对所有正实数 ,两个根都是纯虚数。
For all positive real numbers both roots are pure imaginary.
对所有负实数 ,两个根都是纯虚数。
For all negative real numbers both roots are pure imaginary.
对所有纯虚数 ,两个根都是实有理数。
For all pure imaginary numbers both roots are real and rational.
对所有纯虚数 ,两个根都是实无理数。
For all pure imaginary numbers both roots are real and irrational.
对所有复数 ,两个根都不是实数。
For all complex numbers neither root is real.
答案:B
小提示:
使用求根公式并化简判别式。
Apply the quadratic formula and simplify the discriminant
大提示:
当 为负实数时,判断 的类型。
For negative real determine the type of
解答:
两个根为 若 是负实数,则 是负实数,所以它的平方根是纯虚数。因此所得两个 值都是纯虚数。其余全称命题均不成立,例如可视情况分别取 、 或 。故正确答案是 B。
The roots are If is negative and real, then is negative real, so its square roots are pure imaginary. Both resulting values of are therefore pure imaginary. The other universal claims fail, for example by taking or as appropriate. Thus the correct answer is B.
21.
设 、、、 是一个有限等差数列,满足
且
若 ,则
Let be a finite arithmetic sequence with
and
If then
答案:B
小提示:
利用中间项求出 和 。
Use the middle terms to find and
大提示:
与 的差可确定公差。
The difference between and determines the common difference
解答:
因为等差数列中关于某项对称的各项平均值等于该中间项,所以 因此 、,公差为 。由于 ,有 。故正确答案是 B。
Because symmetric terms of an arithmetic sequence average to the middle term, Thus and so the common difference is Since we have Thus the correct answer is B.
22.
如图所示排列二十个正方体积木。首先将 个积木排成三角形;再将由 个积木排成的三角形层居中放在这 个积木上;然后将由 个积木排成的三角形层居中放在这 个积木上;最后在第三层顶端中央放一个积木。底层积木以某种顺序编号为 到 。第 、、 层的每个积木所标的数,等于支撑它的三个积木所标数之和。求顶层积木可能标上的最小数。
Twenty cubical blocks are arranged as shown. First, are arranged in a triangular pattern; then a layer of arranged in a triangular pattern, is centered on the then a layer of arranged in a triangular pattern, is centered on the and finally one block is centered on top of the third layer. The blocks in the bottom layer are numbered through in some order. Each block in layers and is assigned the number which is the sum of the numbers assigned to the three blocks on which it rests. Find the smallest possible number which could be assigned to the top block.
答案:C
小提示:
确定每个底层积木对顶层数值贡献了多少次。
Determine how many times each bottom block contributes to the top
大提示:
中心位置、六个边缘位置和三个角位置的系数分别为 、 和 。
The center, six edge positions, and three corner positions have coefficients and
解答:
逐层展开各个和,顶层数值为 ,其中 是底层中心积木, 是六个非角落的边界积木, 是三个角落积木。为使这个加权和最小,将 放在系数为 的位置,将 、、 放在系数为 的位置,并将 、、 放在系数为 的位置。最小值为 。因此正确答案是 C。
Expanding the sums layer by layer, the top value is where is the center bottom block, the are the six non-corner boundary blocks, and the are the three corner blocks. To minimize this weighted sum, assign to the coefficient- position, to the coefficient- positions, and to the coefficient- positions. The minimum is Thus the correct answer is C.
23.
点 、、、 位于一个直径为 的圆上,点 位于直径 上。若 ,且 ,则
Points and are on a circle of diameter and is on diameter If and then
答案:B
小提示:
因为 ,经过 的直径平分 。
Because the diameter through bisects
大提示:
求 时利用直角三角形 ,再在 中应用正弦定理。
Find using right triangle then apply the Law of Sines in
解答:
因为 ,直线 平分 ,由对称性还可得 。因为直径 ,所以 ,从而 。此外,在 中应用正弦定理,得到 因此正确答案是 B。
Since the line bisects and symmetry also gives Because is a diameter, so Also The Law of Sines in gives Thus the correct answer is B.
24.
一个盒子里有 枚有光泽的便士和 枚无光泽的便士。从盒中逐枚随机抽取便士,抽出后不放回。直到第三枚有光泽的便士出现需要抽取超过四次的概率为 。若 是最简分数,则
A box contains shiny pennies and dull pennies. One by one, pennies are drawn at random from the box and not replaced. If the probability is that it will take more than four draws until the third shiny penny appears and is in lowest terms, then
答案:E
小提示:
将三枚有光泽的便士看作占据七个抽取位置中的三个。
View the three shiny pennies as occupying three of seven draw positions
大提示:
减去三枚有光泽的便士都出现在前四个位置的情形。
Subtract the cases in which all three shiny pennies occur among the first four positions
解答:
三枚有光泽的便士所占的 元子集,是从 个抽取位置中等可能选出的,共有 种可能。第三枚有光泽的便士不迟于第 次抽取出现,当且仅当三个有光泽便士的位置都在前四个位置中,这有 种情形。所求概率为 因此 。故正确答案是 E。
The shiny pennies occupy a uniformly chosen -element subset of the draw positions. There are possibilities. The third shiny penny appears by draw exactly when all three shiny positions lie among the first four, which occurs in cases. The requested probability is Therefore Thus the correct answer is E.
25.
设 为构成一个 角两边的两条射线上的点集, 是该角内部、角平分线上的一个定点。考虑所有不同的等边三角形 ,其中 和 属于 。(点 和 可以位于同一条射线上,交换 与 的名称不产生不同的三角形。)这样的三角形有
Let be the set of points on the rays forming the sides of a angle, and let be a fixed point inside the angle on the angle bisector. Consider all distinct equilateral triangles with and in (Points and may be on the same ray, and switching the names of and does not create a distinct triangle.) There are
恰好 个。
exactly such triangles.
恰好 个。
exactly such triangles.
恰好 个。
exactly such triangles.
恰好 个。
exactly such triangles.
多于 个。
more than such triangles.
答案:E
小提示:
将角的顶点记为 ,并在一条射线上取点 ,使 为等边三角形。
Call the angle’s vertex and choose on one ray so that is equilateral
大提示:
让点 在 上连续变化,并在另一条射线上构造相应的点 。
Vary a point continuously on and construct a matching point on the other ray
解答:
设 为角的顶点。在一条射线上取点 ,使 ;因为 平分 角,所以 是等边三角形。对 上任意一点 ,在另一条射线上取点 ,使 。由边角边可得 。因此 ,且 ,所以 是等边三角形。连续变化的 会给出不同的三角形,因此这样的三角形当然多于 个。故正确答案是 E。
Let be the vertex. Choose on one ray so that because bisects the angle, is equilateral. For any on choose on the other ray with Then by SAS. Consequently and so is equilateral. Continuously many choices of give distinct triangles, hence certainly more than Thus the correct answer is E.
26.
当 为实数时,求函数 所能取得的最大正值。
Find the largest positive value attained by the function a real number.
答案:C
小提示:
利用公因式 分解两个根式中的被开方数。
Factor both radicands using the common factor
大提示:
在定义域 上,将 有理化。
On the domain rationalize
解答:
两个根式同时为实数当且仅当 。分解并有理化,得到 在此区间内,分子递减而分母递增,所以最大值在 时取得,其值为 因此正确答案是 C。
Both radicals are real exactly when Factoring and rationalizing, On this interval the numerator decreases while the denominator increases, so the maximum occurs at Its value is Thus the correct answer is C.
27.
的三边长为 、 和 。一个圆心为 、半径为 的圆沿 内部滚动,并始终与三角形至少一条边相切。当 第一次回到原位置时, 走过了多长的距离?
The sides of have lengths and A circle with center and radius rolls around the inside of always remaining tangent to at least one side of the triangle. When first returns to its original position, through what distance has traveled?
答案:B
小提示:
圆心描出一个较小的三角形,其三边分别平行于原三角形的三边。
The center traces a smaller triangle whose sides are parallel to the original sides
大提示:
原 -- 三角形的内切圆半径为 ,而圆心轨迹三角形的内切圆半径为 。
The original -- triangle has inradius while the center’s path has inradius
解答:
圆心 始终与所接触的边相距一个单位,因此它的轨迹是三条向内平移 个单位的平行线所围成的三角形。这个三角形与 相似。原直角三角形的面积为 ,半周长为 ,所以内切圆半径为 。轨迹三角形的内切圆半径为 ,因此线性缩放比例为 。它的周长,也就是所走距离,为 故正确答案是 B。
The center remains one unit from the side it touches, so its path is the triangle formed by the three inward parallel lines at distance This triangle is similar to The original right triangle has area and semiperimeter hence inradius The path triangle has inradius so its linear scale is Its perimeter, and therefore the distance traveled, is Thus the correct answer is B.
28.
在 平面内,坐标为整数 且满足 、 的点作为顶点,可以组成多少个面积为正的三角形?
How many triangles with positive area are there whose vertices are points in the -plane whose coordinates are integers satisfying and
答案:D
小提示:
从全部 个三点组开始,减去三点共线的情形。
Start with all triples and subtract collinear ones
大提示:
三个格点共线时,只可能位于水平线、竖直线或斜率为 的对角线上。
Three collinear grid points can occur only horizontally, vertically, or on a slope- diagonal
解答:
共有 个格点三元组。四行和四列贡献了 个共线三元组。对斜率 ,能容纳三个点的对角线长度依次为 、、,贡献 个;斜率 再贡献 个。在一个 乘 的点阵中,其他斜率都不能容纳三个格点。因此面积为正的三角形数为 。故正确答案是 D。
There are triples of grid points. The four rows and four columns contribute collinear triples. For slope the diagonal lengths capable of containing three points are contributing slope contributes another No other slope fits three lattice points inside a -by- point array. Thus the number of positive-area triangles is Thus the correct answer is D.
29.
下列哪个集合不可能是一个长方体各表面对角线的长度集合?(表面对角线是长方体某个矩形面的对角线。)
Which of the following sets could NOT be the lengths of the external diagonals of a right rectangular prism [a “box”]? (An external diagonal is a diagonal of one of the rectangular faces of the box.)
答案:B
小提示:
若表面对角线满足 ,用 表示棱长的平方。
If are the face diagonals, express the edge squares in terms of
大提示:
各棱长平方为正的充要条件是 。
A necessary and sufficient positivity condition is
解答:
若棱长为 、、,则三条表面对角线长度的平方为 、、。对按大小排列的对角线 ,有 因此必须满足 ;类似公式也说明这个条件充分。只有 不满足,因为 。所以正确答案是 B。
If the edge lengths are then the three face-diagonal squares are For sorted diagonals so necessarily the analogous formulas show this is also sufficient. Only fails, since Thus the correct answer is B.
30.
已知 。对所有整数 ,定义 有多少个 满足 ?
Given let for all integers For how many is it true that
无穷多个
infinitely many
答案:D
小提示:
每一步都取前一项两倍的小数部分。
Each step takes the fractional part of twice the preceding value
大提示:
因此 是 的小数部分。
Thus is the fractional part of
解答:
递推关系为 ,所以 。等式 要求 因而 是整数。值 在 、、、 时都满足递推关系并位于 内。共有 个值。因此正确答案是 D。
The recurrence is so The equality requires hence is an integer. The values for all satisfy the recurrence and lie in There are values. Thus the correct answer is D.