1993 AMC 12 第 26 题

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26.

xx 为实数时,求函数 f(x)=8xx214xx248 \begin{aligned} f(x)&=\sqrt{8x-x^2}\\ &\quad-\sqrt{14x-x^2-48} \end{aligned} 所能取得的最大正值。

Find the largest positive value attained by the function f(x)=8xx214xx248, \begin{aligned} f(x)&=\sqrt{8x-x^2}\\ &\quad-\sqrt{14x-x^2-48}, \end{aligned} xx a real number.

71\sqrt7-1

33

232\sqrt3

44

555\sqrt{55}-\sqrt5

答案:C
知识点:radical functiondomainmaximizing expression
难度评级:2080
小提示:

利用公因式 8x8-x 分解两个根式中的被开方数。

Factor both radicands using the common factor 8x8-x

大提示:

在定义域 6x86\le x\le8 上,将 8x(xx6)\sqrt{8-x}(\sqrt x-\sqrt{x-6}) 有理化。

On the domain 6x8,6\le x\le8, rationalize 8x(xx6)\sqrt{8-x}(\sqrt x-\sqrt{x-6})

解答:

两个根式同时为实数当且仅当 6x86\le x\le8。分解并有理化,得到 f(x)=8x(xx6)=68xx+x6 \begin{aligned} f(x) &=\sqrt{8-x}\bigl(\sqrt x-\sqrt{x-6}\bigr)\\ &=\frac{6\sqrt{8-x}}{\sqrt x+\sqrt{x-6}} \end{aligned}\text{。}在此区间内,分子递减而分母递增,所以最大值在 x=6x=6 时取得,其值为 f(6)=12=23 f(6)=\sqrt{12}=2\sqrt3\text{。}因此正确答案是 C

Both radicals are real exactly when 6x8.6\le x\le8. Factoring and rationalizing, f(x)=8x(xx6)=68xx+x6. \begin{aligned} f(x) &=\sqrt{8-x}\bigl(\sqrt x-\sqrt{x-6}\bigr)\\ &=\frac{6\sqrt{8-x}}{\sqrt x+\sqrt{x-6}}. \end{aligned} On this interval the numerator decreases while the denominator increases, so the maximum occurs at x=6.x=6. Its value is f(6)=12=23. f(6)=\sqrt{12}=2\sqrt3. Thus the correct answer is C.

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