1991 AMC 12 第 26 题

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26.

若一个 nn 位正整数的 nn 个数字是集合 {1,2,,n}\{1,2,\ldots,n\} 的一种排列,并且其前 kk 位组成的整数能被 kk 整除,其中 k=1k=122\ldotsnn,则称它为可爱数。例如,321321 是一个 33 位可爱数,因为 11 整除 3322 整除 3232,且 33 整除 321321。共有多少个 66 位可爱数?

An nn-digit positive integer is cute if its nn digits are an arrangement of the set {1,2,,n}\{1,2,\ldots,n\} and its first kk digits form an integer that is divisible by k,k, for k=1,k=1, 2,2, ,\ldots, n.n. For example, 321321 is a cute 33-digit integer because 11 divides 3,3, 22 divides 32,32, and 33 divides 321.321. How many cute 66-digit integers are there?

00

11

22

33

44

答案:C
知识点:整除性排列case analysis
难度评级:2270
小提示:

第二位必须为偶数,前三位的数字和必须能被 33 整除,前四位必须能被 44 整除

The second digit must be even, the third-prefix digit sum must be divisible by 3,3, and the fourth prefix must be divisible by 44

大提示:

第五位必须为 55,整个数必须为偶数且能被 33 整除

The fifth digit must be 5,5, and the full number must be even and divisible by 33

解答:

能被 55 整除迫使第五位为 55。能被 2266 整除迫使第二位和第六位为偶数。接着依次应用整除规则:前三位的数字和必须能被 33 整除,由第三位和第四位组成的两位数必须能被 44 整除。检查集合 {1,2,3,4,6}\{1,2,3,4,6\} 中余下数字的排列,只剩 123654123654321654321654。直接检验可知,这两个数都满足全部六个前缀整除条件,所以共有 22 个。

因此正确答案为 C

Divisibility by 55 forces the fifth digit to be 5.5. Divisibility by 22 and 66 forces the second and sixth digits to be even. Now apply the divisibility tests successively: the first three digits must have sum divisible by 3,3, and the two-digit number formed by the third and fourth digits must be divisible by 4.4. Checking the remaining choices from {1,2,3,4,6}\{1,2,3,4,6\} leaves 123654123654 and 321654.321654. Each number directly satisfies all six prefix divisibility conditions, so there are 2.2.

Thus the correct answer is C.

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