1971 AMC 12 第 30 题

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30.

给定线性分式变换 f1(x)=2x1x+1 f_1(x)=\frac{2x-1}{x+1}\text{,} n=1n=12233\ldots,定义 fn+1(x)=f1(fn(x))f_{n+1}(x)=f_1(f_n(x))。若 f35(x)=f5(x)f_{35}(x)=f_5(x),则 f28(x)f_{28}(x) 等于:

Given the linear fractional transformation f1(x)=2x1x+1, f_1(x)=\frac{2x-1}{x+1}, define fn+1(x)=f1(fn(x))f_{n+1}(x)=f_1(f_n(x)) for n=1,n=1, 2,2, 3,3, .\ldots. Assuming f35(x)=f5(x),f_{35}(x)=f_5(x), it follows that f28(x)f_{28}(x) is equal to:

xx

1x\frac{1}{x}

x1x\frac{x-1}{x}

11x\frac{1}{1-x}

以上都不是

None of these

答案:D
知识点:函数递推变换
难度评级:2340
小提示:

通过复合逆变换消去五次迭代

Cancel five iterates by composing with the inverse transformation

大提示:

g=f11g=f_1^{-1},那么在 f30f_{30} 为恒等变换后有 f28=g2f_{28}=g^2

If g=f11g=f_1^{-1}, then f28=g2f_{28}=g^2 once f30f_{30} is the identity

解答:

该变换可逆。由 f35=f5f_{35}=f_5,与 f51f_5^{-1} 复合可知 f30f_{30} 是恒等变换。由 y=2x1x+1y=\frac{2x-1}{x+1} 解出 xx,得 g(y)=f11(y)=y+12y g(y)=f_1^{-1}(y)=\frac{y+1}{2-y}\text{。} 由于迭代的周期为 3030f28=f2=g2f_{28}=f_{-2}=g^2。直接复合得到 g(g(x))=11x g(g(x))=\frac{1}{1-x}\text{。}

因此,正确答案为 D

The transformation is invertible. From f35=f5,f_{35}=f_5, composing with f51f_5^{-1} shows that f30f_{30} is the identity. Solving y=2x1x+1y=\frac{2x-1}{x+1} for xx gives g(y)=f11(y)=y+12y. g(y)=f_1^{-1}(y)=\frac{y+1}{2-y}. Since iterates have period 30,30, f28=f2=g2.f_{28}=f_{-2}=g^2. Direct composition gives g(g(x))=11x. g(g(x))=\frac{1}{1-x}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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