1992 AMC 12 第 30 题

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30.

ABCDABCD 是一个等腰梯形,两底为 AB=92AB=92CD=19CD=19。假设 AD=BC=xAD=BC=x,且一个圆的圆心在 AB\overline{AB} 上,并与线段 AD\overline{AD}BC\overline{BC} 都相切。若 mmxx 的最小可能值,则 m2=m^2=

Let ABCDABCD be an isosceles trapezoid with bases AB=92AB=92 and CD=19.CD=19. Suppose AD=BC=xAD=BC=x and a circle with center on AB\overline{AB} is tangent to segments AD\overline{AD} and BC.\overline{BC}. If mm is the smallest possible value of x,x, then m2=m^2=

13691369

16791679

17481748

21092109

88258825

答案:B
知识点:isosceles trapezoidcircle tangent to lines最优化坐标几何
难度评级:2400
小提示:

利用对称性,使梯形两底的中点位于同一条竖直轴上,并将圆心放在 ABAB 的中点

By symmetry, place the trapezoid with its bases centered on the same vertical axis and put the circle’s center at the midpoint of ABAB

大提示:

写出圆心到一条腰的距离,并要求切点在线段上;最小值出现在切点恰为端点的情形

Write the distance from the center to a leg and require the tangency point to lie on the leg segment; the minimum occurs at an endpoint case

解答:

A=(46,0)A=(-46,0)B=(46,0)B=(46,0)D=(192,h)D=(-\frac{19}{2},h),且 C=(192,h)C=(\frac{19}{2},h)。由对称性,圆心必为 O=(0,0)O=(0,0)。每条腰的水平位移为 732\frac{73}{2},所以 x2=h2+(732)2 x^2=h^2+\left(\frac{73}{2}\right)^2\text{。}OO 向腰作垂线,当垂足到达上端点时,它才首次落在线段上;这个临界条件为 ODADOD\perp AD。因此 (192,h)(732,h)=0,h2=13874 \begin{aligned} (-\frac{19}{2},h)\cdot(\frac{73}{2},h)&=0,\\ h^2&=\frac{1387}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 m2=1387+53294=1679 m^2=\frac{1387+5329}{4}=1679\text{。}

因此正确答案是 B

Place A=(46,0),A=(-46,0), B=(46,0),B=(46,0), D=(192,h),D=(-\frac{19}{2},h), and C=(192,h).C=(\frac{19}{2},h). Symmetry forces the circle’s center to be O=(0,0).O=(0,0). The horizontal offset along each leg is 732,\frac{73}{2}, so x2=h2+(732)2. x^2=h^2+\left(\frac{73}{2}\right)^2. The perpendicular from OO to a leg first has its foot on the segment when the foot reaches the upper endpoint; this boundary condition is ODAD.OD\perp AD. Thus (192,h)(732,h)=0,h2=13874. \begin{aligned} (-\frac{19}{2},h)\cdot(\frac{73}{2},h)&=0,\\ h^2&=\frac{1387}{4}. \end{aligned} Therefore m2=1387+53294=1679. m^2=\frac{1387+5329}{4}=1679.

Thus the correct answer is B.

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