1978 AMC 12 第 30 题

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30.

在一项网球锦标赛中,有 nn 名女子和 2n2n 名男子参赛,每位选手都与其他每位选手恰好比赛一场。若比赛没有平局,且女子获胜场数与男子获胜场数之比为 75\frac{7}{5},则 nn 等于

In a tennis tournament, nn women and 2n2n men play, and each player plays exactly one match with every other player. If there are no ties and the ratio of the number of matches won by women to the number of matches won by men is 75,\frac{7}{5}, then nn equals

22

44

66

77

以上都不是

none of these

答案:E
知识点:基本计数整除性极限情形界定
难度评级:2200
小提示:

kk 为女子在男女对阵中获胜的场数,并计算女子获胜的总场数

Let kk be the number of mixed matches won by women and count all wins by women

大提示:

结合 0k2n20\le k\le2n^2 与女子应占全部胜场的 712\frac{7}{12}

Use 0k2n20\le k\le2n^2 together with the required 712\frac{7}{12} share of all match wins

解答:

比赛总数为 3n(3n1)2\frac{3n(3n-1)}{2},所以女子必须赢得 7n(3n1)8\frac{7n(3n-1)}{8} 场。若女子在 2n22n^2 场男女对阵中赢了 kk 场,则 n(n1)2+k=7n(3n1)8 \frac{n(n-1)}2+k=\frac{7n(3n-1)}8\text{,} 从而 k=n(17n3)8k=\frac{n(17n-3)}{8}。由上界 k2n2k\le2n^2 可得 n3n\le3。当 n=1n=122 时,该公式给出的值不是整数;当 n=3n=3 时,得到 k=18k=18,这是可能的。因此 n=3n=3,不在列出的数值选项中。

因此,正确答案是 E

There are 3n(3n1)2\frac{3n(3n-1)}{2} matches, so women must win 7n(3n1)8\frac{7n(3n-1)}{8} matches. If women win kk of the 2n22n^2 mixed matches, then n(n1)2+k=7n(3n1)8, \frac{n(n-1)}2+k=\frac{7n(3n-1)}8, giving k=n(17n3)8.k=\frac{n(17n-3)}{8}. The bound k2n2k\le2n^2 forces n3.n\le3. For n=1,n=1, 2,2, this formula is not an integer, while n=3n=3 gives k=18,k=18, which is possible. Thus n=3,n=3, which is not among the listed numerical choices.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

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