1986 AMC 12 第 30 题

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30.

联立方程组 2y=x+17x,2z=y+17y,2w=z+17z,2x=w+17w \begin{aligned} 2y&=x+\frac{17}{x},\\ 2z&=y+\frac{17}{y},\\ 2w&=z+\frac{17}{z},\\ 2x&=w+\frac{17}{w} \end{aligned} 的实数解 (x,y,z,w)(x,y,z,w) 的个数是

The number of real solutions (x,y,z,w)(x,y,z,w) of the simultaneous equations 2y=x+17x,2z=y+17y,2w=z+17z,2x=w+17w. \begin{aligned} 2y&=x+\frac{17}{x},\\ 2z&=y+\frac{17}{y},\\ 2w&=z+\frac{17}{z},\\ 2x&=w+\frac{17}{w}. \end{aligned} is

11

22

44

88

1616

答案:B
知识点:cyclic systemAM-GM inequalitymonotonicitysign symmetry
难度评级:2420
小提示:

这些方程迫使四个变量同号

The equations force all four variables to have the same sign

大提示:

对正数 tt,研究 f(t)=t+17t2f(t)=\frac{t+\frac{17}{t}}{2}17\sqrt{17} 以及 tt 的大小关系

For positive t,t, study f(t)=t+17t2f(t)=\frac{t+\frac{17}{t}}{2} relative to 17\sqrt{17} and to tt

解答:

每个表达式 t+17tt+\frac{17}{t} 都与 tt 同号,所以四个变量必定同号。先假设它们全为正数。由算术平均值与几何平均值不等式,每个变量都至少为 17\sqrt{17}。当 t>17t\gt\sqrt{17} 时, t+17t2<t \frac{t+\frac{17}{t}}{2}\lt t\text{。}如果任一变量大于 17\sqrt{17},这些方程就会导出不可能成立的严格循环不等式 x>y>z>w>xx\gt y\gt z\gt w\gt x。所以唯一的正数解是 x=y=z=w=17 x=y=z=w=\sqrt{17}\text{。}将四个变量同时取相反数后方程组不变,因此恰好还有一个负数解,其中所有变量都等于 17-\sqrt{17}。所以共有两个实数解。

因此正确答案是 B

Each expression t+17tt+\frac{17}{t} has the same sign as t,t, so all four variables have the same sign. Suppose first that they are positive. By AM-GM, every variable is at least 17.\sqrt{17}. For t>17,t\gt\sqrt{17}, t+17t2<t. \frac{t+\frac{17}{t}}{2}\lt t. If any variable exceeded 17,\sqrt{17}, the equations would give the impossible strict cycle x>y>z>w>x.x\gt y\gt z\gt w\gt x. Hence the only positive solution is x=y=z=w=17. x=y=z=w=\sqrt{17}. Negating all four variables preserves the system, giving exactly one negative solution, with all variables equal to 17.-\sqrt{17}. Thus there are two real solutions.

Therefore the correct answer is B.

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