1976 AMC 12 第 30 题

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30.

有多少个不同的有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x,y,z) 满足方程组 x+2y+4z=12,xy+4yz+2xz=22,xyz=6 \begin{aligned} x+2y+4z&=12,\\ xy+4yz+2xz&=22,\\ xyz&=6 \end{aligned}\text{?}

How many distinct ordered triples (x,y,z)(x,y,z) satisfy the equations x+2y+4z=12,xy+4yz+2xz=22,xyz=6? \begin{aligned} x+2y+4z&=12,\\ xy+4yz+2xz&=22,\\ xyz&=6? \end{aligned}

没有

none

11

22

44

66

答案:E
知识点:对称性(代数)韦达定理排列
难度评级:2320
小提示:

x=2ux=2uy=vy=vz=w2z=\frac{w}{2},对变量作缩放

Rescale the variables by setting x=2u,x=2u, y=v,y=v, and z=w2z=\frac{w}{2}

大提示:

新变量的三个基本对称和分别为 66111166

The new variables have elementary symmetric sums 6,6, 11,11, and 66

解答:

x=2ux=2uy=vy=vz=w2z=\frac{w}{2}。前两个方程都除以 22,得 u+v+w=6,uv+vw+uw=11 \begin{aligned} u+v+w&=6,\\ uv+vw+uw&=11 \end{aligned}\text{,}uvw=6uvw=6。因此 uuvvww 是多项式 p(t)=t36t2+11t6p(t)=t^3-6t^2+11t-6 的三个根。该多项式分解为 p(t)=(t1)(t2)(t3) p(t)=(t-1)(t-2)(t-3)\text{,}所以这三个数是按任意顺序排列的 112233。它们的 3!=63!=6 种排列产生 66 个不同的有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x,y,z)

所以正确答案是 E

Set x=2u,x=2u, y=v,y=v, and z=w2.z=\frac{w}{2}. Dividing the first two equations by 22 gives u+v+w=6,uv+vw+uw=11, \begin{aligned} u+v+w&=6,\\ uv+vw+uw&=11, \end{aligned} while uvw=6.uvw=6. Thus u,u, v,v, and ww are the three roots of p(t)=t36t2+11t6.p(t)=t^3-6t^2+11t-6. This polynomial factors as p(t)=(t1)(t2)(t3), p(t)=(t-1)(t-2)(t-3), so they are 1,1, 2,2, and 33 in any order. Their 3!=63!=6 permutations produce 66 distinct ordered triples (x,y,z).(x,y,z).

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

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