1976 AMC 12 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
从一中减去 的倒数,所得结果等于 的倒数,则 等于
If one minus the reciprocal of equals the reciprocal of then equals
2.
有多少个实数 能使 为实数?
For how many real numbers is a real number?
没有
none
一个
one
两个
two
大于两个的有限个
a finite number greater than two
无穷多个
infinitely many
小提示:
平方根在实数范围内有意义时,被开方数必须非负
A real square root requires a nonnegative radicand
大提示:
只有在这个平方为零时才可能非负
The quantity can be nonnegative only when the square vanishes
解答:
因为 ,所以它的相反数至多为 。它只有在 时非负,而这只对应一个值 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Since its negative is at most It is nonnegative only when which occurs for the single value
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
3.
边长为二的正方形中,从一个顶点到四条边的中点的距离之和为
The sum of the distances from one vertex of a square with sides of length two to the midpoints of each of the sides of the square is
小提示:
把所选顶点置于 ,其余顶点置于 、、
Place the chosen vertex at and the other vertices at and
大提示:
两个中点与该顶点相距一个单位,另两个中点分别对应直角边长 和
Two midpoints are one unit away, while each opposite-side midpoint forms legs and
解答:
与所选顶点相邻的两条边的中点到该顶点的距离均为 。另外两个中点的横、纵坐标差分别为 和 ,所以每个距离都是 。总和为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The two midpoints on sides meeting the chosen vertex are each at distance The other two midpoints have coordinate differences and so each is at distance The sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
4.
一个有 项的等比数列首项为一、公比为 、和为 ,其中 和 均不为零。把原数列的每一项替换为其倒数后所得等比数列的和为
Let a geometric progression with terms have first term one, common ratio and sum where and are not zero. The sum of the geometric progression formed by replacing each term of the original progression by its reciprocal is
小提示:
把倒数数列的和写成
Write the reciprocal sum as
大提示:
将幂的顺序倒过来后,提取因子
Factor after reversing the order of the powers
解答:
设倒数数列的和为 。乘以 后,原数列各项的顺序恰好反转:因此 。当 时结论也成立。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let be the reciprocal sum. Multiplying it by reverses the original terms: Hence This also holds when
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
5.
在大于十且小于一百的整数中,若用十进制表示,把各位数字颠倒后会增加九的有多少个?
How many integers greater than ten and less than one hundred, written in base ten notation, are increased by nine when their digits are reversed?
6.
设 为实数。若方程 的某个解的相反数是方程 的一个解,则 的两个解为
If is a real number and the negative of one of the solutions of is a solution of then the solutions of are
,
,
,
,
,
小提示:
把第一个方程的这个根记为 ,再将 代入第二个方程
Call the first root and substitute into the second equation
大提示:
所得两个方程只有 的符号不同
The two resulting equations differ only in the sign of
解答:
对于这样的根 ,两式相减得 。于是第一个方程化为 ,其根为 和 。
所以正确答案是 C。
For such a root Subtracting gives Thus the first equation is with roots and
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
7.
若 为实数,则 为正数的充要条件是
If is a real number, then the quantity is positive if and only if
或
or
小提示:
乘积为正数时,两个因子的符号相同
A product is positive when its two factors have the same sign
大提示:
分别考察由 和 分出的各个区间
Analyze the intervals cut by and
解答:
两个因子同时为正恰好发生在 时,此时 。两个因子同时为负需要 且 ,这化为 。两个端点都使乘积为零。
所以正确答案是 E。
Both factors are positive exactly when giving Both are negative when and which reduces to The endpoints make the product zero.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
8.
在平面上随机选取一点,其两个直角坐标都是绝对值不超过四的整数,且所有这样的点被选中的概率相同。该点到原点的距离不超过两个单位的概率是多少?
A point in the plane, both of whose rectangular coordinates are integers with absolute value less than or equal to four, is chosen at random, with all such points having an equal probability of being chosen. What is the probability that the distance from the point to the origin is at most two units?
某个有理数的平方
the square of a rational number
小提示:
每个坐标各有 种选择
There are choices for each coordinate
大提示:
分别考虑 、、,数出满足 的整数对
Count integer pairs satisfying by considering and
解答:
共有 个可能的点。到原点距离不超过 的点包括原点;四个点 、;四个点 ;以及四个点 、。因此共有 个点符合条件,概率为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
There are possible points. Within distance are the origin; the four points the four points and the four points Thus points qualify, for probability
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
9.
在三角形 中, 是 的中点, 是 的中点, 是 的中点。若 的面积为 ,则 的面积为
In triangle is the midpoint of is the midpoint of and is the midpoint of If the area of is then the area of is
小提示:
比较底边 与 ,再比较 和 到这条直线的高
Compare the base with and the height from with the height from
大提示:
这两个比值分别为 和
The two ratios are and
解答:
因为 是 的中点,而 是 的中点,所以 。又因为 是 的中点,所以它到直线 的距离是 到该直线距离的一半。因此
所以正确答案是 D。
Since is the midpoint of and is the midpoint of Since is the midpoint of its distance from line is half that of Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
10.
若 、、 和 都是实数,且 、,则方程 有解的充要条件为
If and are real numbers and and then the equation has a solution
任意 、、、 均可
for all choices of and
且
if and only if and
if and only if
if and only if
if and only if
小提示:
先展开两个复合函数,再尝试解出
Expand both compositions before trying to solve for
大提示:
两边 的系数自动相同,只需比较常数项
The coefficients of are automatically equal, leaving a condition on the constant terms
解答:
有 对任意 ,两边的 项都会消去,所以方程有解当且仅当 。整理得 。
所以正确答案是 D。
We have The -terms cancel for every so a solution exists exactly when Rearranging gives
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
11.
下列哪些陈述与“如果阿尔法行星上的粉红色大象长着紫色眼睛,那么贝塔行星上的野猪就没有长鼻子”这一陈述等价?
.“如果贝塔行星上的野猪长着长鼻子,那么阿尔法行星上的粉红色大象就长着紫色眼睛。”
.“如果阿尔法行星上的粉红色大象没有紫色眼睛,那么贝塔行星上的野猪就没有长鼻子。”
.“如果贝塔行星上的野猪长着长鼻子,那么阿尔法行星上的粉红色大象就没有紫色眼睛。”
.“阿尔法行星上的粉红色大象没有紫色眼睛,或者贝塔行星上的野猪没有长鼻子。”
这里的“或者”取包含式的含义(数学写作中通常如此)。
Which of the following statements is (are) equivalent to the statement “If the pink elephant on planet alpha has purple eyes, then the wild pig on planet beta does not have a long nose”?
“If the wild pig on planet beta has a long nose, then the pink elephant on planet alpha has purple eyes.”
“If the pink elephant on planet alpha does not have purple eyes, then the wild pig on planet beta does not have a long nose.”
“If the wild pig on planet beta has a long nose, then the pink elephant on planet alpha does not have purple eyes.”
“The pink elephant on planet alpha does not have purple eyes, or the wild pig on planet beta does not have a long nose.”
The word “or” is used here in the inclusive sense (as is customary in mathematical writing).
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
仅
only
答案:B
小提示:
把原命题写成
Write the original implication as
大提示:
同时使用它的逆否命题和等价的析取式
Use both its contrapositive and the equivalent disjunction
解答:
令 表示大象长着紫色眼睛,令 表示野猪长着长鼻子。原命题 等价于其逆否命题 ,即 ;也等价于 ,即 。陈述 和 都是原命题的逆命题,不一定成立。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let mean the elephant has purple eyes and mean the pig has a long nose. The original statement is equivalent to its contrapositive which is and to which is Statements and are converses and need not follow.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
12.
一家超市有 箱苹果。每箱至少有 个苹果,至多有 个苹果。至少有 箱装有相同数量的苹果一定成立时, 的最大整数值是多少?
A supermarket has crates of apples. Each crate contains at least apples and at most apples. What is the largest integer such that there must be at least crates containing the same number of apples?
小提示:
数出从 到 (含端点)共有多少种苹果数
Count the possible apple totals from through , inclusive
大提示:
如果每种苹果数最多出现五次,那么至多只有 箱
If every total occurred at most five times, there would be at most crates
解答:
可能的苹果数共有 种。因为 ,所以某一种数量至少出现 次。这个界可以达到:让三种数量各出现 次,其余二十二种各出现 次,恰好分配 箱。因此能保证的最大 是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
There are possible apple counts. Since some count occurs at least times. This is sharp: distribute crates so that three counts occur times and the other twenty-two occur times. Thus the largest guaranteed is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
13.
如果 头奶牛在 天内产出 罐牛奶,那么 头奶牛产出 罐牛奶需要多少天?
If cows give cans of milk in days, how many days will it take cows to give cans of milk?
以上都不是
none of these
14.
一个凸多边形的各内角度数成等差数列。若最小角为 ,最大角为 ,则该多边形的边数为
The measures of the interior angles of a convex polygon are in arithmetic progression. If the smallest angle is and the largest angle is then the number of sides the polygon has is
小提示:
等差数列的平均值等于首项与末项的平均值
The average of an arithmetic progression is the average of its first and last terms
大提示:
令 等于内角和
Equate with the interior-angle sum
解答:
平均角度为 ,所以内角和为 。凸 边形的内角和为 ,故 ,解得 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The average angle is so the angle sum is A convex -gon has angle sum hence and
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
15.
用整数 分别除 、 和 ,所得余数均为 ,其中 大于一。则 等于
If is the remainder when each of the numbers and is divided by where is an integer greater than one, then equals
小提示:
余数相同意味着 整除任意两数之差
A common remainder means divides every pairwise difference
大提示:
使用 和
Use and
解答:
除数 同时整除 和 。这两个数的最大公因数为质数 ,所以 。又因为 ,所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The divisor divides both and Their greatest common divisor is a prime, so Since we have and
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
16.
在三角形 和 中,边长 、、 和 都相等。 的长度是 中从 到 的高的两倍。下列哪些陈述正确?
. 与 必须互余。
. 与 必须互补。
. 的面积必须等于 的面积。
. 的面积必须等于 面积的两倍。
In triangles and lengths and are all equal. Length is twice the length of the altitude of from to Which of the following statements is (are) true?
and must be complementary.
and must be supplementary.
The area of must equal the area of
The area of must equal twice the area of
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
小提示:
分别从 和 作高;每条高都平分对应等腰三角形的底边
Drop altitudes from and ; each altitude bisects the base of its isosceles triangle
大提示:
把 的一半与 的一半视为直角三角形进行比较
Compare a half of with a half of as right triangles
解答:
设四条相等的边长均为 ,令 ,并设从 作出的高为 。在两个等腰三角形中,从 作出的高平分 ,从 作出的高平分 。 的一半是斜边为 、一条直角边为 的直角三角形; 的一半也有相同的斜边和长度为 的高。两个直角三角形全等,只是两条直角边互换。因此相应的锐角互余,完整的顶角 与 之和为 。相应的半三角形面积也相等,所以两个完整三角形的面积相等。陈述 和 正确。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let the equal sides have length let and let the altitude from be In the isosceles triangles, the altitude from bisects while the altitude from bisects A half of has hypotenuse and leg a half of has the same hypotenuse and altitude leg The two right triangles are congruent with their legs interchanged. Thus their relevant acute angles are complementary, so the full vertex angles and sum to The corresponding half-areas are equal as well, hence the full triangle areas are equal. Statements and hold.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
17.
若 是锐角,且 ,则 等于
If is an acute angle and then equals
18.
在所附图中, 在 点与圆心为 的圆相切;点 在圆内; 与圆交于 。若 、、,则圆的半径为
In the adjoining figure, is tangent at to the circle with center point is interior to the circle; and intersects the circle at If and then the radius of the circle is
小提示:
延长 ,使其越过 后再次与圆交于
Extend through to meet the circle again at
大提示:
先用 ,再利用圆内点 的幂
Use first, then use the power of interior point
解答:
延长 ,使其越过 后与圆交于 。因为 、,切割线定理给出 所以 、。点 的幂满足 因而 。所以 ,且 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Extend through to meet the circle at Since and the tangent-secant theorem gives so and The power of gives hence Thus and
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
19.
多项式 除以 的余数为三,除以 的余数为五。 除以 的余数为
A polynomial has remainder three when divided by and remainder five when divided by The remainder when is divided by is
小提示:
所求余式的次数小于二,可将其写成
The desired remainder has degree less than two, so write it as
大提示:
在 和 处使用余式定理
Use the remainder theorem at and
解答:
设余式为 。因为 、,所以 和 。因此 、,余式为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the remainder be Since and we have and Thus and so the remainder is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
20.
设 、 和 是不等于一的正实数。则
Let and be positive real numbers distinct from one. Then
对所有 、、 均成立
for all values of and
当且仅当
if and only if
当且仅当
if and only if
当且仅当
if and only if
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
把所有项移到同一边,再把关于两个对数的二次式因式分解
Move all terms to one side and factor the quadratic in the two logarithms
大提示:
利用换底公式,将每个因式为零的方程转化为两个底数之间的关系
Translate each factor equation into a relation between the bases using change of base
解答:
因式分解得 因为 ,由换底公式可知,第一个因式在 时为零,第二个因式在 时为零。因此原方程在这两个条件中的任一个成立时成立,而选项中没有任何一个“当且仅当”陈述能描述它们的并集。
所以正确答案是 E。
Factoring gives Since change of base shows that the first factor vanishes when while the second vanishes when Thus the equation holds under either of two conditions, and no listed “if and only if” statement describes their union.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
21.
使乘积 大于 的最小正奇数 是多少?(在这个乘积中,各指数的分母均为七,分子是从 到 的连续奇数。)
What is the smallest positive odd integer such that the product is greater than (In the product the denominators of the exponents are all sevens, and the numerators are the successive odd integers from to )
小提示:
把各幂合并,即把奇数分子相加
Combine the powers by summing the odd numerators
大提示:
奇数和 等于 ,将它与 比较
The odd-number sum equals compare with
解答:
这个乘积为 当 时,指数 小于 ,所以乘积小于 。所有更小的正奇数 也都不满足。当 时,指数为 ,所以乘积大于 。因此第一个符合条件的奇数 是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The product is For the exponent is less than so the product is less than All smaller positive odd also fail. For the exponent is so the product exceeds Thus the first allowable odd is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
22.
给定一个边长为 的等边三角形。考虑该三角形所在平面内所有满足下列条件的点 : 到三个顶点的距离平方和为定值 。这个轨迹
Given an equilateral triangle with side of length consider the locus of all points in the plane of the triangle such that the sum of the squares of the distances from to the vertices of the triangle is a fixed number This locus
当 时是一个圆
is a circle if
当 时只含三个点,而当 时是一个圆
contains only three points if and is a circle if
仅当 时是一个半径为正的圆
is a circle with positive radius only if
无论 取何值,都只含有限个点
contains only a finite number of points for any value of
以上都不是
is none of these
小提示:
设 为重心,用 表示这个距离平方和
Let be the centroid and express the sum using
大提示:
对于等边三角形,这个和等于
For an equilateral triangle, the sum equals
解答:
设三个顶点为 、、,重心为 ,并令 。重心恒等式给出 在等边三角形中,每个 ,所以 。因此 。当 时轨迹为空集;当 时只有一个点;当 时是半径为正的圆。
所以正确答案是 A。
For vertices and with centroid put The standard centroid identity gives In an equilateral triangle, each so Hence The locus is empty for one point for and a circle of positive radius for
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
23.
对于满足 的整数 和 ,定义 则 为整数
For integers and such that let Then is an integer
对所有 和 均成立
for all and
对所有偶数 和 均成立,但并非对所有 和 均成立
for all even values of and but not for all and
对所有奇数 和 均成立,但并非对所有 和 均成立
for all odd values of and but not for all and
当 或 时成立,但并非对所有奇数 和 均成立
if or but not for all odd values of and
当 能被 整除时成立,但并非对所有偶数 和 均成立
if is divisible by but not for all even values of and
小提示:
把 拆成
Split into
大提示:
尝试把原式改写成两个相邻二项式系数之差
Try rewriting the expression as a difference of two adjacent binomial coefficients
解答:
利用 并写成 原式化为 对每一组允许的 和 ,这都是整数。
所以正确答案是 A。
Using and writing the given expression becomes This is an integer for every permitted and
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
24.
在所附图中,圆 的直径为 ;圆 与圆 相切,并在圆 的圆心处与 相切;圆 与圆 、圆 和 都相切。圆 与圆 的面积之比为
In the adjoining figure, circle has diameter circle is tangent to circle and to at the center of circle and circle is tangent to circle to circle and to The ratio of the area of circle to the area of circle is
不是整数
not an integer
小提示:
把圆 的半径缩放为 ,则圆 的半径为
Scale the radius of to so circle has radius
大提示:
若圆 的半径为 、圆心为 ,利用它与两个较大圆的相切关系
If has radius and center use its tangencies to both larger circles
解答:
令圆 的圆心为 、半径为 ,并令 为 轴。则圆 的圆心为 、半径为 。若圆 的圆心为 、半径为 ,它与圆 内切并与圆 外切,故 两式分别化为 和 ,所以 。半径之比为 ,因此面积之比为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Take to have center and radius with the -axis. Then has center and radius If has center and radius internal tangency to and external tangency to give These simplify to and so The radius ratio is hence the area ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
25.
对于数列 、、,定义 ,并对所有整数 定义 。若 ,则对所有 ,都有
For a sequence define and, for all integers If then for all
当 时
if
当 时,但 时不成立
if but not if
当 时,但 时不成立
if but not if
当 时,但 时不成立
if but not if
不存在这样的
for no value of
小提示:
多项式数列每作一次向前差分,次数就降低一
Each forward difference lowers the degree of a polynomial sequence by one
大提示:
一直计算到恒定的三阶差分,就能看出何时首次得到零
Compute through the constant third difference to see when zero first appears
解答:
直接计算得 因此四阶差分对所有 都为零,而三阶差分不为零。
所以正确答案是 D。
Directly, Thus the fourth differences vanish for all but the third differences do not.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
26.
在所附图中,圆 的每一点都在圆 的外部。一条内公切线分别与两条外公切线交于 和 。则 的长度
In the adjoining figure, every point of circle is exterior to circle Let and be the points of intersection of an internal common tangent with the two external common tangents. Then the length of is
等于内公切线段与外公切线段长度的平均数
the average of the lengths of the internal and external common tangents
当且仅当圆 和 的半径相等时,才等于一条外公切线段的长度
equal to the length of an external common tangent if and only if circles and have equal radii
总是等于一条外公切线段的长度
always equal to the length of an external common tangent
大于一条外公切线段的长度
greater than the length of an external common tangent
等于内公切线段与外公切线段长度的几何平均数
the geometric mean of the lengths of the internal and external common tangents
小提示:
在三条切线上分别标出切点
Mark the tangency point on each of the three tangent lines
大提示:
从 或 中任一点向同一个圆所作的两条切线段长度相等
From either or tangent segments to the same circle have equal lengths
解答:
设内公切线与圆 和 分别切于 和 。设经过 的外公切线与两圆分别切于 和 ,经过 的外公切线与两圆分别切于 和 。从同一点引出的切线段相等,所以 在内公切线上,,且 。相加得 在两条外公切线上,,且 。因此 。两条外公切线段长度相等,所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let the internal tangent touch and at and Let the external tangent through touch them at and and let the one through touch them at and Equal tangent segments from a point give Along the internal tangent, and Adding, Along the external tangents, and Therefore The two external common tangent segments have equal length, so and hence
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
27.
若 则 等于
If then equals
以上都不是
none of these
28.
直线 、、、 两两不同。所有直线 (其中 为正整数)彼此平行。所有直线 (其中 为正整数)都经过给定点 。完整集合 中任意两条直线的交点数最大为
Lines are distinct. All lines a positive integer, are parallel to each other. All lines a positive integer, pass through a given point The maximum number of points of intersection of pairs of lines from the complete set is
小提示:
先从一般位置下的 个交点开始
Start with intersections in general position
大提示:
去掉 条平行线之间的线对,并把 条共点直线之间的所有线对合并成一个点
Remove the pairs among the parallel lines and collapse the pairs among the concurrent lines to one point
解答:
能被 整除的下标有 个,与 同余的下标也有 个。从 个交点出发,平行线组不产生交点,因此减去 。共点线组的 对直线只产生一个点,而不是 个不同的点,因此再减去 。其余交点都可以选成互不相同,所以最大值为
所以正确答案是 B。
There are indices divisible by and congruent to Starting from the parallel group contributes no intersections, removing The concurrent group’s pairs all give one point rather than distinct points, removing another All remaining intersections can be chosen distinct, so the maximum is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
29.
安和芭芭拉在比较年龄时发现:芭芭拉现在的年龄,等于安在某时的年龄;在那时,芭芭拉的年龄,又等于安在更早某时的年龄;而在那个更早的时候,芭芭拉的年龄是安现在年龄的一半。若她们现在的年龄之和为 岁,则安的年龄是
Ann and Barbara were comparing their ages and found that Barbara is as old as Ann was when Barbara was as old as Ann had been when Barbara was half as old as Ann is. If the sum of their present ages is years, then Ann’s age is
小提示:
设安和芭芭拉现在的年龄分别为 和 ,且
Let Ann’s and Barbara’s present ages be and with
大提示:
每遇到一个“在某时”,就从两人的年龄中减去同一段经过的时间
Translate each “when” by subtracting the same elapsed time from both ages
解答:
设安和芭芭拉现在的年龄分别为 和 ,并令她们恒定的年龄差为 。在第一个所述时刻,安的年龄为 ,所以芭芭拉的年龄为 。在更早的所述时刻,安的年龄为 ,所以芭芭拉的年龄为 。最后一句说明这个年龄等于 。因此 从而 。再结合 ,得 、。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let Ann’s and Barbara’s present ages be and and let their constant age difference be At the first referenced time Ann was so Barbara was At the earlier referenced time Ann was that age so Barbara was The final clause says this last age was Hence which gives Together with this yields and
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
30.
有多少个不同的有序三元组 满足方程组
How many distinct ordered triples satisfy the equations
没有
none
小提示:
令 、 和 ,对变量作缩放
Rescale the variables by setting and
大提示:
新变量的三个基本对称和分别为 、、
The new variables have elementary symmetric sums and
解答:
令 、 和 。前两个方程都除以 ,得 而 。因此 、、 是多项式 的三个根。该多项式分解为 所以这三个数是按任意顺序排列的 、、。它们的 种排列产生 个不同的有序三元组 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Set and Dividing the first two equations by gives while Thus and are the three roots of This polynomial factors as so they are and in any order. Their permutations produce distinct ordered triples
Therefore, the correct answer is E.