1985 AMC 12 第 30 题

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30.

x\lfloor x\rfloor 为小于或等于 xx 的最大整数。则方程 4x240x+51=04x^2-40\lfloor x\rfloor+51=0 的实数解个数为

Let x\lfloor x\rfloor be the greatest integer less than or equal to x.x. Then the number of real solutions to 4x240x+51=04x^2-40\lfloor x\rfloor+51=0 is

00

11

22

33

44

答案:E
知识点:分类讨论取整函数不等式二次方程
难度评级:2380
小提示:

n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor,并由方程解出 x2x^2

Set n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor and solve the equation for x2x^2

大提示:

施加 nx<n+1n\le x\lt n+1,确定哪些整数 nn 可行

Enforce nx<n+1n\le x\lt n+1 to determine which integer values of nn work

解答:

n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor。解必须为正,并满足 x=10n514,nx<n+1 \begin{aligned} x&=\sqrt{10n-\frac{51}{4}},\\ n&\le x\lt n+1\text{。} \end{aligned} 下界不等式等价于 4n240n+510 4n^2-40n+51\le0\text{,} 所以 n=2,3,,8n=2,3,\ldots,8。上界不等式等价于 4n232n+55>0 4n^2-32n+55\gt0\text{。} 2,,82,\ldots,8 中,它恰对 n=2,6,7,8n=2,6,7,8 成立。每个区间贡献一个根,所以共有四个实数解。

因此正确答案是 E

Let n=x.n=\lfloor x\rfloor. A solution must be positive and satisfy x=10n514,nx<n+1. \begin{aligned} x&=\sqrt{10n-\frac{51}{4}},\\ n&\le x\lt n+1. \end{aligned} The lower inequality is equivalent to 4n240n+510, 4n^2-40n+51\le0, so n=2,3,,8.n=2,3,\ldots,8. The upper inequality is equivalent to 4n232n+55>0. 4n^2-32n+55\gt0. Among 2,,8,2,\ldots,8, this holds exactly for n=2,6,7,8.n=2,6,7,8. Each interval contributes one root, so there are four real solutions.

Therefore the correct answer is E.

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