1985 AMC 12 真题

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1.

2x+1=82x+1=8,则 4x+1=4x+1=

If 2x+1=8,2x+1=8, then 4x+1=4x+1=

1515

1616

1717

1818

1919

答案:A
知识点:一次方程换元法
难度评级:840
小提示:

先解所给方程,求出 xx

First solve the given equation for xx

大提示:

x=72x=\frac{7}{2} 代入 4x+14x+1

Substitute x=72x=\frac{7}{2} into 4x+14x+1

解答:

由所给方程得到 2x=72x=7,所以 x=72x=\frac{7}{2}。因此 4x+1=4(72)+1=154x+1=4(\frac{7}{2})+1=15

所以正确答案是 A

The given equation gives 2x=7,2x=7, so x=72.x=\frac{7}{2}. Therefore 4x+1=4(72)+1=15.4x+1=4(\frac{7}{2})+1=15.

Thus the correct answer is A.

2.

在一款街机游戏中,“怪物”是图中半径为 11 厘米的圆的阴影扇形。缺失部分(嘴巴)的圆心角为 6060^\circ。怪物的周长是多少厘米?

In an arcade game, the “monster” is the shaded sector of a circle of radius 11 cm, as shown in the figure. The missing piece (the mouth) has central angle 60.60^\circ. What is the perimeter of the monster in cm?

π+2\pi+2

2π2\pi

53π\frac53\pi

56π+2\frac56\pi+2

53π+2\frac53\pi+2

答案:E
难度评级:1000
小提示:

剩余圆弧所对的圆心角为 300300^\circ

The remaining circular arc has central angle 300300^\circ

大提示:

将该圆弧的长度与两条露出的半径相加

Add the length of that arc to the two exposed radii

解答:

曲线部分是单位圆周长的 300360=56\frac{300^\circ}{360^\circ}=\frac{5}{6},所以其长度为 (56)(2π)=5π3(\frac{5}{6})(2\pi)=\frac{5\pi}{3}。嘴巴的两条直边都是半径,总长为 22。因此周长为 5π3+2\frac{5\pi}{3}+2

所以正确答案是 E

The curved part is 300360=56\frac{300^\circ}{360^\circ}=\frac{5}{6} of a unit circle, so its length is (56)(2π)=5π3.(\frac{5}{6})(2\pi)=\frac{5\pi}{3}. The two straight sides of the mouth are radii of total length 2.2. Hence the perimeter is 5π3+2.\frac{5\pi}{3}+2.

Thus the correct answer is E.

3.

在直角 ABC\triangle ABC 中,两条直角边分别为 551212。画出两段圆弧:一段以 AA 为圆心、半径为 1212,另一段以 BB 为圆心、半径为 55。它们分别与斜边交于 MMNN。则 MNMN 的长度为

In right ABC\triangle ABC with legs 55 and 12,12, arcs of circles are drawn, one with center AA and radius 12,12, the other with center BB and radius 5.5. They intersect the hypotenuse in MM and N.N. Then MNMN has length

22

135\frac{13}{5}

33

44

245\frac{24}{5}

答案:D
难度评级:1330
小提示:

先求 55-1212 直角三角形的斜边

First find the hypotenuse of the 55-1212-right triangle

大提示:

AA 为基准,确定两个圆弧交点的位置

Measure the positions of both arc intersections from AA

解答:

斜边长为 1313。由于 AM=12AM=12,点 MMAA1212。又因为 BN=5BN=5,所以 AN=ABBN=135=8AN=AB-BN=13-5=8。因此 MN=AMANMN=AM-AN =128=4=12-8=4

所以正确答案是 D

The hypotenuse has length 13.13. Since AM=12,AM=12, point MM is 1212 units from A.A. Also BN=5,BN=5, so AN=ABBN=135=8.AN=AB-BN=13-5=8. Therefore MN=AMANMN=AM-AN =128=4.=12-8=4.

Thus the correct answer is D.

4.

一个大袋子里装有一美分、十美分和二十五美分硬币。十美分硬币的数量是一美分硬币的两倍,二十五美分硬币的数量是十美分硬币的三倍。袋中可能装有的钱数是

A large bag of coins contains pennies, dimes and quarters. There are twice as many dimes as pennies and three times as many quarters as dimes. An amount of money which could be in the bag is

$306\$306

$333\$333

$342\$342

$348\$348

$360\$360

答案:C
难度评级:1270
小提示:

设一美分硬币的数量为 pp

Let the number of pennies be pp

大提示:

pp 的倍数表示硬币总价值(单位:美分)

Express the total value in cents as a multiple of pp

解答:

若有 pp 枚一美分硬币,则有 2p2p 枚十美分硬币和 6p6p 枚二十五美分硬币。总价值为 p+10(2p)+25(6p)=171pp+10(2p)+25(6p)=171p 美分。所列美元数中,34200=17120034200=171\cdot200 美分是可能的。

所以正确答案是 C

If there are pp pennies, there are 2p2p dimes and 6p6p quarters. Their total value is p+10(2p)+25(6p)=171pp+10(2p)+25(6p)=171p cents. Of the listed dollar amounts, 34200=17120034200=171\cdot200 cents is possible.

Thus the correct answer is C.

5.

应从下列和式中删去哪些项 12+14+16+18+110+112 \frac12+\frac14+\frac16+\frac18+\frac1{10}+\frac1{12} 才能使剩余各项之和等于 11

Which terms must be removed from the sum 12+14+16+18+110+112 \frac12+\frac14+\frac16+\frac18+\frac1{10}+\frac1{12} if the sum of the remaining terms is to equal 1?1?

14\frac1418\frac18

14\frac14 and 18\frac18

14\frac14112\frac1{12}

14\frac14 and 112\frac1{12}

18\frac18112\frac1{12}

18\frac18 and 112\frac1{12}

16\frac16110\frac1{10}

16\frac16 and 110\frac1{10}

18\frac18110\frac1{10}

18\frac18 and 110\frac1{10}

答案:E
知识点:分数整数运算
难度评级:1470
小提示:

计算完整和式比 11 多出多少

Compute how much larger the full sum is than 11

大提示:

用公分母 120120 比较各个候选数对

Use a common denominator of 120120 to compare the candidate pairs

解答:

完整和式为 60+30+20+15+12+10120=147120 \begin{aligned} \frac{\substack{60+30+20\\{}+15+12+10}}{120} &=\frac{147}{120}\text{。} \end{aligned} 因此,删去的两项之和必须为 27120=940\frac{27}{120}=\frac{9}{40}。由于 18+110\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{10} =540+440=\frac{5}{40}+\frac{4}{40} =940=\frac{9}{40},应删去这两项。

所以正确答案是 E

The full sum is 60+30+20+15+12+10120=147120. \begin{aligned} \frac{\substack{60+30+20\\{}+15+12+10}}{120} &=\frac{147}{120}. \end{aligned} The removed terms must therefore total 27120=940.\frac{27}{120}=\frac{9}{40}. Since 18+110\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{10} =540+440=\frac{5}{40}+\frac{4}{40} =940,=\frac{9}{40}, those are the required terms.

Thus the correct answer is E.

6.

要从一个由男生和女生组成的班级中选一名学生代表班级。每名学生被选中的可能性相同,选中男生的概率是选中女生概率的 23\frac23。男生人数与全班人数之比为

One student in a class of boys and girls is to be chosen to represent the class. Each student is equally likely to be chosen and the probability that a boy is chosen is 23\frac23 of the probability that a girl is chosen. The ratio of the number of boys to the total number of boys and girls is

13\frac13

25\frac25

12\frac12

35\frac35

23\frac23

答案:B
难度评级:1100
小提示:

每人被选中的可能性相同,所以选中各组的概率与该组人数成正比

Equal likelihood makes the selection probabilities proportional to the class counts

大提示:

男生与女生人数比为 2:32:3,全班共包含五个相等的份额

A boys-to-girls ratio of 2:32:3 uses five equal parts in all

解答:

因为每名学生被选中的可能性相同,男生人数是女生人数的 23\frac{2}{3}。所以男生与女生人数之比为 2:32:3,男生占全班的 22+3=25\frac{2}{2+3}=\frac{2}{5}

所以正确答案是 B

Because every student is equally likely to be selected, the number of boys is 23\frac{2}{3} of the number of girls. Thus the boys-to-girls ratio is 2:3,2:3, and boys make up 22+3=25\frac{2}{2+3}=\frac{2}{5} of the class.

Thus the correct answer is B.

7.

在某些计算机语言(如 APL)中,如果代数式没有括号,运算按从右到左的顺序结合。因此,在这些语言中,a×bca\times b-c 与普通代数记号中的 a(bc)a(b-c) 含义相同。若用这样的语言计算 a÷bc+da\div b-c+d,用普通代数记号表示其结果为

In some computer languages (such as APL), when there are no parentheses in an algebraic expression, the operations are grouped from right to left. Thus, a×bca\times b-c in such languages means the same as a(bc)a(b-c) in ordinary algebraic notation. If a÷bc+da\div b-c+d is evaluated in such a language, the result in ordinary algebraic notation would be

abc+d\frac ab-c+d

abcd\frac ab-c-d

d+cba\frac{d+c-b}{a}

abc+d\frac{a}{b-c+d}

abcd\frac{a}{b-c-d}

答案:E
难度评级:1360
小提示:

从最右边的运算 c+dc+d 开始

Begin with the rightmost operation, c+dc+d

大提示:

接着从 bb 中减去该结果,最后才用 aa 除以所得结果

Next subtract that result from b,b, and only then divide aa

解答:

从右边开始结合,先得到 c+dc+d。用 bb 减去这一结果,得到 b(c+d)=bcdb-(c+d)=b-c-d。最后用 aa 除以该数,得到 abcd\frac{a}{b-c-d}

所以正确答案是 E

Grouping from the right first gives c+d.c+d. Subtracting this result from bb gives b(c+d)=bcd.b-(c+d)=b-c-d. Finally, dividing aa by that quantity gives abcd.\frac{a}{b-c-d}.

Thus the correct answer is E.

8.

aaaa'bbbb' 为实数,其中 aaaa' 非零。方程 ax+b=0ax+b=0 的解小于方程 ax+b=0a'x+b'=0 的解,当且仅当

Let a,a, a,a', b,b, bb' be real numbers with aa and aa' nonzero. The solution to ax+b=0ax+b=0 is less than the solution to ax+b=0a'x+b'=0 if and only if

ab<aba'b\lt ab'

ab<abab'\lt a'b

ab<abab\lt a'b'

ba<ba\frac ba\lt\frac{b'}{a'}

ba<ba\frac{b'}{a'}\lt\frac ba

答案:E
难度评级:1360
小提示:

分别写出两个方程的解,不要交叉相乘

Write each equation’s solution without cross-multiplying

大提示:

不等式两边乘以 1-1 时,不等号方向反转

Multiplying an inequality by 1-1 reverses its direction

解答:

两个解分别为 ba-\frac{b}{a}ba-\frac{b'}{a'}。因此所给比较为 ba<ba -\frac ba\lt-\frac{b'}{a'}\text{。} 两边乘以 1-1,不等号方向反转,得到 ba>ba\frac{b}{a}\gt \frac{b'}{a'},等价于 ba<ba\frac{b'}{a'}\lt \frac{b}{a}。不能乘以符号未知的量 aaaa'

所以正确答案是 E

The two solutions are ba-\frac{b}{a} and ba.-\frac{b'}{a'}. Thus the given comparison is ba<ba. -\frac ba\lt-\frac{b'}{a'}. Multiplying both sides by 1-1 reverses the inequality and gives ba>ba,\frac{b}{a}\gt \frac{b'}{a'}, equivalently ba<ba.\frac{b'}{a'}\lt \frac{b}{a}. No multiplication by the unknown-sign quantity aaaa' is valid.

Thus the correct answer is E.

9.

正奇数 11335577\ldots 按图示规律排列成五列并继续延伸。从左数,19851985 所在的列是第几列? 135715131191719212331292725333537394745434149515355 \begin{array}{ccccc} &1&3&5&7\\ 15&13&11&9&\\ &17&19&21&23\\ 31&29&27&25&\\ &33&35&37&39\\ 47&45&43&41&\\ &49&51&53&55 \end{array}

The odd positive integers, 1,1, 3,3, 5,5, 7,7, ,\ldots, are arranged in five columns continuing with the pattern shown. Counting from the left, the column in which 19851985 appears is the 135715131191719212331292725333537394745434149515355 \begin{array}{ccccc} &1&3&5&7\\ 15&13&11&9&\\ &17&19&21&23\\ 31&29&27&25&\\ &33&35&37&39\\ 47&45&43&41&\\ &49&51&53&55 \end{array}

第一列

first

第二列

second

第三列

third

第四列

fourth

第五列

fifth

答案:B
难度评级:1310
小提示:

观察每个从左向右排列的行的首项

Look at the entries that begin each left-to-right row

大提示:

19851985 与附近的 1616 的倍数联系起来

Relate 19851985 to a nearby multiple of 1616

解答:

每个从右向左排列的行的末项为 16k116k-1,下一行从第二列的 16k+116k+1 开始。由于 1985=16124+11985=16\cdot124+1,它是这样一行的首项,位于第二列。

所以正确答案是 B

The last number in each right-to-left row is 16k1,16k-1, and the next row begins with 16k+116k+1 in the second column. Since 1985=16124+1,1985=16\cdot124+1, it begins such a row and lies in the second column.

Thus the correct answer is B.

10.

任意一个圆与函数 y=sinxy=\sin x 的图像的交点数可以是

An arbitrary circle can intersect the graph of y=sinxy=\sin x in

至多 22 个点

at most 22 points

至多 44 个点

at most 44 points

至多 66 个点

at most 66 points

至多 88 个点

at most 88 points

超过 1616 个点

more than 1616 points

答案:E
难度评级:2240
小提示:

考虑一个在原点与 xx 轴相切的圆

Consider a circle tangent to the xx-axis at the origin

大提示:

半径非常大时,在许多个正弦波范围内,圆的下弧都靠近坐标轴

A very large radius keeps the lower arc close to the axis across many sine waves

解答:

取一个在原点与 xx 轴相切、圆心位于坐标轴上方很高处的圆。随着半径增大,在任意长的区间内,它的下弧都保持为正且可以任意接近 xx 轴。在 y=sinxy=\sin x 的每个正弧上,正弦曲线在两端为 00,而在中间远高于这段圆弧,从而产生两个交点。因此,选取足够大的半径便可得到超过 1616 个交点。

所以正确答案是 E

Take a circle tangent to the xx-axis at the origin with its center high above the axis. As its radius grows, its lower arc stays positive but arbitrarily close to the xx-axis over an arbitrarily long interval. On each positive arch of y=sinx,y=\sin x, the sine curve is 00 at the endpoints and rises well above this circular arc in between, producing two crossings. Choosing a sufficiently large radius therefore produces more than 1616 intersections.

Thus the correct answer is E.

11.

单词 CONTEST 的字母有多少种可区分的重新排列,使两个元音都排在最前面?(例如,OETCNST 是一种这样的排列,而 OTETSNC 不是。)

How many distinguishable rearrangements of the letters in CONTEST have both the vowels first? (For instance, OETCNST is one such arrangement, but OTETSNC is not.)

6060

120120

240240

720720

25202520

答案:B
难度评级:1480
小提示:

将两个元音排列在前两个位置

Order the two vowels in the first two positions

大提示:

排列剩余五个字母,并注意重复的 TT

Permute the remaining five letters while accounting for the repeated TT

解答:

元音 O,EO,E 排在最前面共有 2!2! 种顺序。剩余字母 C,N,T,S,TC,N,T,S,T5!2!=60\frac{5!}{2!}=60 种可区分排列,因为两个 TT 相同。总数为 260=1202\cdot60=120

所以正确答案是 B

The vowels O,EO,E can be ordered first in 2!2! ways. The remaining letters C,N,T,S,TC,N,T,S,T can be arranged in 5!2!=60\frac{5!}{2!}=60 distinguishable ways because the two TT’s agree. The total is 260=120.2\cdot60=120.

Thus the correct answer is B.

12.

ppqqrr 为互不相同的素数,其中 11 不视为素数。以下哪一个是以 n=pq2r4n=pq^2r^4 为因数的最小正完全立方数?

Let p,p, qq and rr be distinct prime numbers, where 11 is not considered a prime. Which of the following is the smallest positive perfect cube having n=pq2r4n=pq^2r^4 as a divisor?

p8q8r8p^8q^8r^8

(pq2r2)3(pq^2r^2)^3

(p2q2r2)3(p^2q^2r^2)^3

(pqr2)3(pqr^2)^3

4p3q3r34p^3q^3r^3

答案:D
难度评级:1660
小提示:

完全立方数中每个素因子的指数都是 33 的倍数

Every prime exponent in a perfect cube is a multiple of 33

大提示:

将指数 112244 分别增大到不小于它们的最小 33 的倍数

Raise the exponents 1,1, 2,2, and 44 to the least larger multiples of 33

解答:

完全立方数的素因子指数都能被 33 整除。不小于 112244 的最小 33 的倍数依次为 333366。因此最小的完全立方数为 p3q3r6=(pqr2)3 p^3q^3r^6=(pqr^2)^3\text{。} 所以正确答案是 D

A perfect cube has prime exponents divisible by 3.3. The least multiples of 33 that are at least 1,1, 2,2, and 44 are 3,3, 3,3, and 6,6, respectively. Thus the smallest possible cube is p3q3r6=(pqr2)3. p^3q^3r^6=(pqr^2)^3. Therefore the correct answer is D.

13.

木板上的钉子在水平和竖直方向都相距 11 个单位。如图,将一条橡皮筋套在 44 个钉子上,形成一个四边形。它的面积为多少平方单位?

Pegs are put in a board 11 unit apart both horizontally and vertically. A rubber band is stretched over 44 pegs as shown in the figure, forming a quadrilateral. Its area in square units is

44

4.54.5

55

5.55.5

66

答案:E
难度评级:1420
小提示:

给四个顶点处的钉子赋予整数坐标

Assign integer coordinates to the four corner pegs

大提示:

(1,3)(1,3)(4,1)(4,1)(3,0)(3,0)(0,1)(0,1) 使用鞋带公式

Use the shoelace formula on (1,3),(1,3), (4,1),(4,1), (3,0),(3,0), and (0,1)(0,1)

解答:

以左下角的钉子为 (0,0)(0,0),四边形按顺序的顶点为 (1,3)(1,3)(4,1)(4,1)(3,0)(3,0)(0,1)(0,1)。鞋带公式给出 12(1+0+3+0)(12+3+0+1)=6 \begin{aligned} &\frac12\left|(1+0+3+0)\right.\\ &\quad\left.{}-(12+3+0+1)\right|=6\text{。} \end{aligned} 所以正确答案是 E

With the lower-left peg as (0,0),(0,0), the quadrilateral’s vertices in order are (1,3),(1,3), (4,1),(4,1), (3,0),(3,0), and (0,1).(0,1). The shoelace formula gives 12(1+0+3+0)(12+3+0+1)=6. \begin{aligned} &\frac12\left|(1+0+3+0)\right.\\ &\quad\left.{}-(12+3+0+1)\right|=6. \end{aligned} Therefore the correct answer is E.

14.

一个凸多边形恰有三个内角为钝角。这样的多边形最多有多少条边?

Exactly three of the interior angles of a convex polygon are obtuse. What is the maximum number of sides of such a polygon?

44

55

66

77

88

答案:C
难度评级:1960
小提示:

180180^\circ 限定三个钝角,并用 9090^\circ 限定其余每个内角

Bound the three obtuse angles by 180180^\circ and every other angle by 9090^\circ

大提示:

将该上界与内角和 (n2)180(n-2)180^\circ 比较

Compare that upper bound with the interior-angle sum (n2)180(n-2)180^\circ

解答:

对于一个 nn 边形,三个钝角之和小于 31803\cdot180^\circ,其余 n3n-3 个角之和至多为 (n3)90(n-3)90^\circ。因此 (n2)180<3(180)+(n3)90 \begin{aligned} (n-2)180^\circ &\lt3(180^\circ)\\ &\quad{}+(n-3)90^\circ\text{,} \end{aligned} 化简得 n<7n\lt7。六边形可以达到,例如其内角为 150150^\circ150150^\circ150150^\circ9090^\circ9090^\circ9090^\circ。所以最大边数为 66

因此正确答案是 C

For an nn-gon, the three obtuse angles have total less than 3180,3\cdot180^\circ, while the other n3n-3 angles have total at most (n3)90.(n-3)90^\circ. Hence (n2)180<3(180)+(n3)90, \begin{aligned} (n-2)180^\circ &\lt3(180^\circ)\\ &\quad{}+(n-3)90^\circ, \end{aligned} which simplifies to n<7.n\lt7. Six sides are attainable, for example with interior angles 150,150^\circ, 150,150^\circ, 150,150^\circ, 90,90^\circ, 90,90^\circ, and 90.90^\circ. Thus the maximum is 6.6.

Therefore the correct answer is C.

15.

若正数 aabb 满足 ab=baa^b=b^a,且 b=9ab=9a,则 aa 的值为

If aa and bb are positive numbers such that ab=baa^b=b^a and b=9a,b=9a, then the value of aa is

99

19\frac19

99\sqrt[9]{9}

93\sqrt[3]{9}

34\sqrt[4]{3}

答案:E
难度评级:1960
小提示:

b=9ab=9a 代入 ab=baa^b=b^a

Substitute b=9ab=9a into ab=baa^b=b^a

大提示:

因为 a>0a\gt0,两边取正的 aa 次方根并化简

Because a>0,a\gt0, take the aa-th root and simplify

解答:

代入得到 a9a=(9a)aa^{9a}=(9a)^a。两边取正的 aa 次方根,得 a9=9aa^9=9a,所以 a8=9a^8=9。因此 a=918=314=34a=9^{\frac{1}{8}}=3^{\frac{1}{4}}=\sqrt[4]{3}

所以正确答案是 E

Substitution gives a9a=(9a)a.a^{9a}=(9a)^a. Taking the positive aa-th root yields a9=9a,a^9=9a, so a8=9.a^8=9. Therefore a=918=314=34.a=9^{\frac{1}{8}}=3^{\frac{1}{4}}=\sqrt[4]{3}.

Thus the correct answer is E.

16.

A=20A=20^\circ,且 B=25B=25^\circ,则 (1+tanA)(1+tanB)(1+\tan A)(1+\tan B) 的值为

If A=20A=20^\circ and B=25,B=25^\circ, then the value of (1+tanA)(1+tanB)(1+\tan A)(1+\tan B) is

3\sqrt3

22

1+21+\sqrt2

2(tanA+tanB)2(\tan A+\tan B)

以上都不是

none of these

答案:B
难度评级:1920
小提示:

在正切加法公式中使用 A+B=45A+B=45^\circ

Use A+B=45A+B=45^\circ in the tangent addition formula

大提示:

tanA+tanB\tan A+\tan BtanAtanB\tan A\tan B 表示

Express tanA+tanB\tan A+\tan B in terms of tanAtanB\tan A\tan B

解答:

因为 tan(A+B)=tan45=1\tan(A+B)=\tan45^\circ=1tanA+tanB1tanAtanB=1 \frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A\tan B}=1\text{,} 所以 tanA+tanB\tan A+\tan B =1tanAtanB=1-\tan A\tan B。因此 (1+tanA)(1+tanB)=1+(1tanAtanB)+tanAtanB=2 \begin{aligned} &(1+\tan A)(1+\tan B)\\ &\quad=1+(1-\tan A\tan B)\\ &\qquad+\tan A\tan B\\ &\quad=2\text{。} \end{aligned} 所以正确答案是 B

Because tan(A+B)=tan45=1,\tan(A+B)=\tan45^\circ=1, tanA+tanB1tanAtanB=1, \frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A\tan B}=1, so tanA+tanB\tan A+\tan B =1tanAtanB.=1-\tan A\tan B. Therefore (1+tanA)(1+tanB)=1+(1tanAtanB)+tanAtanB=2. \begin{aligned} &(1+\tan A)(1+\tan B)\\ &\quad=1+(1-\tan A\tan B)\\ &\qquad+\tan A\tan B\\ &\quad=2. \end{aligned} Thus the correct answer is B.

17.

矩形 ABCDABCD 的对角线 DBDB 被分成三个长度均为 11 的线段,分割线是互相平行的直线 LLLL'。它们分别经过 AACC,且都垂直于 DBDBABCDABCD 的面积四舍五入到小数点后一位为

Diagonal DBDB of rectangle ABCDABCD is divided into three segments of length 11 by parallel lines LL and LL' that pass through AA and CC and are perpendicular to DB.DB. The area of ABCD,ABCD, rounded to one decimal place, is

4.14.1

4.24.2

4.34.3

4.44.4

4.54.5

答案:B
难度评级:2240
小提示:

设矩形的两条边长为 w,hw,h,则对角线长为 33

Let the rectangle’s side lengths be w,h;w,h; then its diagonal has length 33

大提示:

将竖直边和水平边投影到对角线上,得到 h23=1\frac{h^2}{3}=1w23=2\frac{w^2}{3}=2

Project the vertical and horizontal sides onto the diagonal to obtain h23=1\frac{h^2}{3}=1 and w23=2\frac{w^2}{3}=2

解答:

D=(0,0)D=(0,0)B=(w,h)B=(w,h)A=(0,h)A=(0,h),且 C=(w,0)C=(w,0)。因为 DB=3DB=3,有 w2+h2=9w^2+h^2=9DADADBDB 上的投影长为 h23\frac{h^2}{3},而第一段标记线段长为 11,所以 h2=3h^2=3。同理,DCDC 的投影到达第二个分点,所以 w23=2\frac{w^2}{3}=2,且 w2=6w^2=6。因此面积为 wh=18=324.2426 wh=\sqrt{18}=3\sqrt2\approx4.2426\text{,} 四舍五入后为 4.24.2

因此正确答案是 B

Let D=(0,0),D=(0,0), B=(w,h),B=(w,h), A=(0,h)A=(0,h) and C=(w,0).C=(w,0). Since DB=3,DB=3, we have w2+h2=9.w^2+h^2=9. The projection of DADA onto DBDB has length h23,\frac{h^2}{3}, and the first marked segment has length 1,1, so h2=3.h^2=3. Similarly, the projection of DCDC reaches the second division point, so w23=2\frac{w^2}{3}=2 and w2=6.w^2=6. Hence the area is wh=18=324.2426, wh=\sqrt{18}=3\sqrt2\approx4.2426, which rounds to 4.2.4.2.

Therefore the correct answer is B.

18.

六袋弹珠分别装有 181819192121232325253434 颗弹珠。其中一袋只装有破损弹珠,另外 55 袋没有破损弹珠。简拿走其中三袋,乔治从其余袋中拿走两袋,只留下装有破损弹珠的那一袋。若简得到的弹珠数是乔治的两倍,那么有多少颗破损弹珠?

Six bags of marbles contain 18,18, 19,19, 21,21, 23,23, 2525 and 3434 marbles, respectively. One bag contains chipped marbles only. The other 55 bags contain no chipped marbles. Jane takes three of the bags and George takes two of the others. Only the bag of chipped marbles remains. If Jane gets twice as many marbles as George, how many chipped marbles are there?

1818

1919

2121

2323

2525

答案:D
难度评级:1790
小提示:

先求六袋弹珠总数,再减去破损弹珠那一袋

Add all six bag sizes, then remove the chipped bag

大提示:

简与乔治的弹珠数之比为 2:12:1,所以二人的总数能被 33 整除

Jane’s and George’s totals are in the ratio 2:1,2:1, so their combined total is divisible by 33

解答:

六袋共有 140140 颗弹珠。若破损弹珠袋中有 cc 颗,则其余袋的总数是乔治所得数量的三倍,所以 140c140-c 能被 33 整除。选项中只有 c=23c=23 满足这一条件。它确实可以实现:乔治取 18+21=3918+21=39,简取 19+25+34=7819+25+34=78

所以正确答案是 D

The six bags total 140.140. If the chipped bag contains cc marbles, then the other bags total three times George’s amount, so 140c140-c is divisible by 3.3. Of the choices, only c=23c=23 has this property. It is attainable: George can take 18+21=39,18+21=39, while Jane takes 19+25+34=78.19+25+34=78.

Thus the correct answer is D.

19.

考虑图像 y=Ax2y=Ax^2y2+3=x2+4yy^2+3=x^2+4y,其中 AA 为正常数,xxyy 为实变量。两个图像有多少个交点?

Consider the graphs of y=Ax2y=Ax^2 and y2+3=x2+4y,y^2+3=x^2+4y, where AA is a positive constant and xx and yy are real variables. In how many points do the two graphs intersect?

恰好 44

exactly 44

恰好 22

exactly 22

至少 11 个,但数量随正数 AA 的取值而变

at least 1,1, but the number varies for different positive values of AA

交点数为 00,至少对一个正数 AA 的取值成立

00 for at least one positive value of AA

以上都不是

none of these

答案:A
难度评级:2350
小提示:

x2=yAx^2=\frac{y}{A} 消去 x2x^2

Use x2=yAx^2=\frac{y}{A} to eliminate x2x^2

大提示:

证明所得二次方程有两个互不相同的正 yy

Show that the resulting quadratic has two distinct positive yy-roots

解答:

x2=yAx^2=\frac{y}{A} 代入第二个方程,得到 Ay2(4A+1)y+3A=0 Ay^2-(4A+1)y+3A=0\text{。} 其判别式为 4A2+8A+1>04A^2+8A+1\gt0。两根的积为正数 33,和为正数 4A+1A\frac{4A+1}{A},所以两根互不相同且均为正。对每个根 yy,方程 x2=yAx^2=\frac{y}{A} 给出两个不同的 xx 值。因此恰有四个交点。

所以正确答案是 A

Substituting x2=yAx^2=\frac{y}{A} into the second equation gives Ay2(4A+1)y+3A=0. Ay^2-(4A+1)y+3A=0. Its discriminant is 4A2+8A+1>0.4A^2+8A+1\gt0. Its roots have positive product 33 and positive sum 4A+1A,\frac{4A+1}{A}, so both roots are positive and distinct. For each root y,y, the equation x2=yAx^2=\frac{y}{A} gives two distinct values of x.x. Thus there are exactly four intersection points.

Therefore the correct answer is A.

20.

一个棱长为 nn 个单位的木制正方体(其中 nn 是整数,且其值 >2\gt2)表面全部涂黑。用平行于各面的切割,将它切成 n3n^3 个棱长为一个单位的小正方体。若恰有一个面涂黑的小正方体数量等于完全没有涂漆的小正方体数量,求 nn

A wooden cube with edge length nn units (where nn is an integer >2\gt2) is painted black all over. By slices parallel to its faces, the cube is cut into n3n^3 smaller cubes each of unit edge length. If the number of smaller cubes with just one face painted black is equal to the number of smaller cubes completely free of paint, what is n?n?

55

66

77

88

以上都不是

none of these

答案:D
难度评级:1660
小提示:

数出边长为 n2n-2 的内部正方体中的未涂漆小立方体

Count the unpainted cubes in the interior cube of side length n2n-2

大提示:

在每个面上,恰有 (n2)2(n-2)^2 个小正方体不接触棱

On each face, exactly (n2)2(n-2)^2 cubes avoid the edges

解答:

完全未涂漆的小正方体有 (n2)3(n-2)^3 个。六个面各贡献 (n2)2(n-2)^2 个恰有一个面涂黑的小正方体,所以相等条件给出 6(n2)2=(n2)3 6(n-2)^2=(n-2)^3\text{。} 因为 n>2n\gt2,两边除以 (n2)2(n-2)^2,得到 n2=6n-2=6,所以 n=8n=8

因此正确答案是 D

There are (n2)3(n-2)^3 completely unpainted cubes. Each of the six faces contributes (n2)2(n-2)^2 cubes with exactly one painted face, so equality gives 6(n2)2=(n2)3. 6(n-2)^2=(n-2)^3. Since n>2,n\gt2, division by (n2)2(n-2)^2 gives n2=6,n-2=6, hence n=8.n=8.

Therefore the correct answer is D.

21.

有多少个整数 xx 满足方程 (x2x1)x+2=1 (x^2-x-1)^{x+2}=1\text{?}

How many integers xx satisfy the equation (x2x1)x+2=1? (x^2-x-1)^{x+2}=1?

22

33

44

55

以上都不是

none of these

答案:C
难度评级:2070
小提示:

整数幂可以等于 11:底数为 11;底数为 1-1 且指数为偶数;或非零底数的指数为 00

An integer power can equal 11 when the base is 1,1, when the base is 1-1 with even exponent, or when a nonzero base has exponent 00

大提示:

分别求解这三种情形,并检验每个候选值

Solve those three cases separately and check every candidate

解答:

若底数为 11,则 x2x1=1x^2-x-1=1,得到 x=1x=-1x=2x=2。若底数为 1-1,则 x(x1)=0x(x-1)=0;其中只有 x=0x=0 使指数 x+2x+2 为偶数。若指数为 00,则 x=2x=-2,此时底数为 55,所以也符合条件。因此四个解为 2-21-10022

所以正确答案是 C

If the base is 1,1, then x2x1=1,x^2-x-1=1, giving x=1x=-1 and x=2.x=2. If the base is 1,-1, then x(x1)=0;x(x-1)=0; only x=0x=0 makes the exponent x+2x+2 even. If the exponent is 0,0, then x=2,x=-2, and its base is 5,5, so it also works. Thus the four solutions are 2,-2, 1,-1, 0,0, and 2.2.

Therefore the correct answer is C.

22.

在圆心为 OO 的圆中,ADAD 是直径,ABCABC 是一条弦,BO=5BO=5,且 ABO=CD=60\angle ABO=\overset{\frown}{CD}=60^\circ。则 BCBC 的长度为

In a circle with center O,O, ADAD is a diameter, ABCABC is a chord, BO=5BO=5 and ABO=CD=60.\angle ABO=\overset{\frown}{CD}=60^\circ. Then the length of BCBC is

33

3+33+\sqrt3

5325-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

55

以上都不是

none of the above

答案:D
难度评级:2130
小提示:

6060^\circ 的弧 CDCD 使 CAD=30\angle CAD=30^\circ

The 6060^\circ arc CDCD makes CAD=30\angle CAD=30^\circ

大提示:

利用所得的 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形比较 ABABACAC

Use the resulting 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangles to compare ABAB and ACAC

解答:

CDCD 给出 CAD=30\angle CAD=30^\circ。由于 A,B,CA,B,C 共线,且 A,O,DA,O,D 共线,BAO=30\angle BAO=30^\circ。再结合 ABO=60\angle ABO=60^\circ,三角形 ABOABO3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形。由于 BO=5BO=5,得到 AB=10AB=10,且 AO=53AO=5\sqrt3

又因为 ADAD 是直径,所以 ACD=90\angle ACD=90^\circ。在 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形 ACDACD 中,斜边 AD=103AD=10\sqrt3,所以 AC=15AC=15。因此 BC=ACAB=5BC=AC-AB=5

所以正确答案是 D

Arc CDCD gives CAD=30.\angle CAD=30^\circ. Since A,B,CA,B,C are collinear and A,O,DA,O,D are collinear, BAO=30.\angle BAO=30^\circ. With ABO=60,\angle ABO=60^\circ, triangle ABOABO is a 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle. Because BO=5,BO=5, we get AB=10AB=10 and AO=53.AO=5\sqrt3.

Also ACD=90\angle ACD=90^\circ because ADAD is a diameter. In the 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle ACD,ACD, the hypotenuse is AD=103,AD=10\sqrt3, so AC=15.AC=15. Therefore BC=ACAB=5.BC=AC-AB=5.

Thus the correct answer is D.

23.

x=1+i32,y=1i32 \begin{aligned} x&=\frac{-1+i\sqrt3}{2},\\ y&=\frac{-1-i\sqrt3}{2}\text{,} \end{aligned} 其中 i2=1i^2=-1,则以下哪一项不正确?

If x=1+i32,y=1i32, \begin{aligned} x&=\frac{-1+i\sqrt3}{2},\\ y&=\frac{-1-i\sqrt3}{2}, \end{aligned} where i2=1,i^2=-1, then which of the following is not correct?

x5+y5=1x^5+y^5=-1

x7+y7=1x^7+y^7=-1

x9+y9=1x^9+y^9=-1

x11+y11=1x^{11}+y^{11}=-1

x13+y13=1x^{13}+y^{13}=-1

答案:C
难度评级:2130
小提示:

识别出 xxyy 是两个非实的三次单位根

Recognize xx and yy as the two nonreal cube roots of unity

大提示:

它们的幂只取决于指数模 33 的余数

Their powers depend only on the exponent modulo 33

解答:

这两个数是两个非实的三次单位根,所以 xn+yn=2cos(2πn3) x^n+y^n=2\cos\left(\frac{2\pi n}{3}\right)\text{。} 该式等于 1-1(当 nn 不是 33 的倍数时),但等于 22(当 nn33 的倍数时)。所列指数中只有 99 能被 33 整除,所以对应的等式是不正确的一项。

因此正确答案是 C

The numbers are the two nonreal cube roots of unity, so xn+yn=2cos(2πn3). x^n+y^n=2\cos\left(\frac{2\pi n}{3}\right). This equals 1-1 when nn is not divisible by 3,3, but equals 22 when nn is divisible by 3.3. Of the listed exponents, only 99 is divisible by 3,3, so its displayed equation is the one that is not correct.

Therefore the correct answer is C.

24.

按如下方式选取一个非零数字:选中数字 dd 的概率为 log10(d+1)log10d\log_{10}(d+1)-\log_{10}d。选中数字 22 的概率恰为所选数字属于下列哪个集合的概率的 12\frac{1}{2}

A non-zero digit is chosen in such a way that the probability of choosing digit dd is log10(d+1)log10d.\log_{10}(d+1)-\log_{10}d. The probability that the digit 22 is chosen is exactly 12\frac{1}{2} the probability that the digit chosen is in the set

{2,3}\{2,3\}

{3,4}\{3,4\}

{4,5,6,7,8}\{4,5,6,7,8\}

{5,6,7,8,9}\{5,6,7,8,9\}

{4,5,6,7,8,9}\{4,5,6,7,8,9\}

答案:C
难度评级:1800
小提示:

数字 22 的概率的两倍为 2log10(32)2\log_{10}(\frac{3}{2})

Twice the probability of digit 22 is 2log10(32)2\log_{10}(\frac{3}{2})

大提示:

对连续数字集合的概率求和时,可将对数逐项消去

Sum the probabilities over a consecutive set by telescoping its logarithms

解答:

选中 22 的概率为 log10(32)\log_{10}(\frac{3}{2}),所以其两倍为 log10(94)\log_{10}(\frac{9}{4})。对于从 4488 的数字,概率和逐项消去: d=48(log10(d+1)log10d)=log1094 \begin{aligned} &\sum_{d=4}^{8} \bigl(\log_{10}(d+1)\\ &\qquad{}-\log_{10}d\bigr) =\log_{10}\frac94\text{。} \end{aligned} 因此该集合的概率恰为选中数字 22 的概率的两倍。

所以正确答案是 C

The probability of 22 is log10(32),\log_{10}(\frac{3}{2}), so twice that probability is log10(94).\log_{10}(\frac{9}{4}). For the digits 44 through 8,8, the sum telescopes: d=48(log10(d+1)log10d)=log1094. \begin{aligned} &\sum_{d=4}^{8} \bigl(\log_{10}(d+1)\\ &\qquad{}-\log_{10}d\bigr) =\log_{10}\frac94. \end{aligned} Therefore that set has exactly twice the probability of digit 2.2.

Thus the correct answer is C.

25.

某长方体的体积为 8 cm38\text{ cm}^3,总表面积为 32 cm232\text{ cm}^2,且三个尺寸构成等比数列。该长方体所有棱长之和(单位:厘米)为

The volume of a certain rectangular solid is 8 cm3,8\text{ cm}^3, its total surface area is 32 cm2,32\text{ cm}^2, and its three dimensions are in geometric progression. The sum of the lengths in cm of all the edges of this solid is

2828

3232

3636

4040

4444

答案:B
难度评级:1920
小提示:

将三个尺寸写成 tr,t,tr\frac{t}{r},t,tr

Write the three dimensions as tr,t,tr\frac{t}{r},t,tr

大提示:

先用体积求 tt,再用表面积求 r+1rr+\frac{1}{r}

Use the volume to find t,t, then use the surface area to find r+1rr+\frac{1}{r}

解答:

将三个尺寸写成 2r,2,2r\frac{2}{r},2,2r,因为它们的乘积为 88。表面积的一半等于三个两两乘积之和,所以 4r+4+4r=16 \frac4r+4+4r=16\text{,} 得到 r+1r=3r+\frac{1}{r}=3。三个尺寸之和为 2(r+1+1r)=82(r+1+\frac{1}{r})=8。每个尺寸在四条棱上出现,所以所有棱长之和为 48=324\cdot8=32

所以正确答案是 B

Write the dimensions as 2r,2,2r,\frac{2}{r},2,2r, since their product is 8.8. Half the surface area is the sum of the three pairwise products, so 4r+4+4r=16, \frac4r+4+4r=16, giving r+1r=3.r+\frac{1}{r}=3. The sum of the dimensions is 2(r+1+1r)=8.2(r+1+\frac{1}{r})=8. Since each dimension occurs on four edges, the sum of all edge lengths is 48=32.4\cdot8=32.

Thus the correct answer is B.

26.

求最小正整数 nn,使 n135n+6\frac{n-13}{5n+6} 为非零可约分数。

Find the least positive integer nn for which n135n+6\frac{n-13}{5n+6} is a non-zero reducible fraction.

4545

6868

155155

226226

以上都不是

none of these

答案:E
难度评级:2130
小提示:

n13n-135n+65n+6 的任何公因数也整除它们的一个适当线性组合

Any common divisor of n13n-13 and 5n+65n+6 also divides a suitable linear combination

大提示:

计算 (5n+6)5(n13)(5n+6)-5(n-13)

Compute (5n+6)5(n13)(5n+6)-5(n-13)

解答:

欧几里得算法给出 gcd(n13,5n+6)=gcd(n13,71) \begin{aligned} &\gcd(n-13,5n+6)\\ &\quad=\gcd(n-13,71)\text{。} \end{aligned} 由于 7171 是素数,该非零分数可约当且仅当 n13n-137171 的非零倍数。最小的正数情形为 n=13+71=84n=13+71=84,它不在前四个数值选项中。

所以正确答案是 E

Euclid’s algorithm gives gcd(n13,5n+6)=gcd(n13,71). \begin{aligned} &\gcd(n-13,5n+6)\\ &\quad=\gcd(n-13,71). \end{aligned} Since 7171 is prime, the nonzero fraction is reducible exactly when n13n-13 is a nonzero multiple of 71.71. The least positive possibility is n=13+71=84,n=13+71=84, which is not among the four numerical choices.

Thus the correct answer is E.

27.

考虑数列 x1x_1x2x_2x3x_3\ldots,其定义为 x1=33,x2=(33)33 \begin{aligned} x_1&=\sqrt[3]{3},\\ x_2&=(\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{3}}\text{。} \end{aligned} 一般地, xn=(xn1)33 x_n=(x_{n-1})^{\sqrt[3]{3}} 其中 n>1n\gt1。求最小的 nn,使 xnx_n 为整数。

Consider a sequence x1,x_1, x2,x_2, x3,x_3, ,\ldots, defined by x1=33,x2=(33)33. \begin{aligned} x_1&=\sqrt[3]{3},\\ x_2&=(\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{3}}. \end{aligned} and in general xn=(xn1)33 x_n=(x_{n-1})^{\sqrt[3]{3}} for n>1.n\gt1. What is the smallest value of nn for which xnx_n is an integer?

22

33

44

99

2727

答案:C
难度评级:2380
小提示:

c=33c=\sqrt[3]{3},并追踪 33 的指数

Let c=33c=\sqrt[3]{3} and track the exponent of 33

大提示:

证明 xn=3cn13x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}},再检查前四项

Show that xn=3cn13x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}} and examine the first four terms

解答:

c=33c=\sqrt[3]{3}。反复应用递推式得到 xn=3cn13 x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}}\text{,} 所以 x4=3c33=3x_4=3^{\frac{c^3}{3}}=3。还需排除前三项。该数列严格递增。又因为 c<32c\lt\frac{3}{2}x2=cc<(32)32<2 x_2=c^c \lt\left(\frac32\right)^{\frac{3}{2}} \lt2\text{。} 最后,x3=31cx_3=3^{\frac{1}{c}}。由于 2c<232<32^c\lt2^{\frac{3}{2}}\lt3,有 x3>2x_3\gt2;而 1c<1\frac{1}{c}\lt1 给出 x3<3x_3\lt3。所以 x1,x2,x3x_1,x_2,x_3 都不是整数,第一项整数是 x4x_4

因此正确答案是 C

Let c=33.c=\sqrt[3]{3}. Repeated application of the recurrence gives xn=3cn13, x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}}, so x4=3c33=3.x_4=3^{\frac{c^3}{3}}=3. It remains to rule out the first three terms. The sequence is strictly increasing. Also c<32,c\lt\frac{3}{2}, so x2=cc<(32)32<2. x_2=c^c \lt\left(\frac32\right)^{\frac{3}{2}} \lt2. Finally x3=31c.x_3=3^{\frac{1}{c}}. Since 2c<232<3,2^c\lt2^{\frac{3}{2}}\lt3, we have x3>2,x_3\gt2, while 1c<1\frac{1}{c}\lt1 gives x3<3.x_3\lt3. Thus x1,x2,x3x_1,x_2,x_3 are not integers, and the first integral term is x4.x_4.

Therefore the correct answer is C.

28.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,C=3A\angle C=3\angle Aa=27a=27,且 c=48c=48。求 bb

In ABC,\triangle ABC, we have C=3A,\angle C=3\angle A, a=27a=27 and c=48.c=48. What is b?b?

3333

3535

3737

3939

不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined

答案:B
难度评级:2460
小提示:

用正弦定理写出 4827=sin3AsinA\frac{48}{27}=\frac{\sin3A}{\sin A}

Use the sine law to write 4827=sin3AsinA\frac{48}{27}=\frac{\sin3A}{\sin A}

大提示:

求出 cosA\cos A 后,使用 B=1804AB=180^\circ-4Asin4A=4sinAcosAcos2A\sin4A=4\sin A\cos A\cos2A

After finding cosA,\cos A, use B=1804AB=180^\circ-4A and sin4A=4sinAcosAcos2A\sin4A=4\sin A\cos A\cos2A

解答:

由正弦定理和三倍角公式, 4827=sin3AsinA=34sin2A \frac{48}{27} =\frac{\sin3A}{\sin A} =3-4\sin^2A\text{。} 因此 sin2A=1136\sin^2A=\frac{11}{36}。由于 A<60A\lt60^\circcosA=56\cos A=\frac{5}{6},从而 cos2A=718\cos2A=\frac{7}{18}。又有 B=1804AB=180^\circ-4A,再次使用正弦定理,得到 b=27sinBsinA=27sin4AsinA=274cosAcos2A=35 \begin{aligned} b &=27\frac{\sin B}{\sin A}\\ &=27\frac{\sin4A}{\sin A}\\ &=27\cdot4\cos A\cos2A\\ &=35\text{。} \end{aligned} 所以正确答案是 B

By the sine law and the triple-angle identity, 4827=sin3AsinA=34sin2A. \frac{48}{27} =\frac{\sin3A}{\sin A} =3-4\sin^2A. Hence sin2A=1136.\sin^2A=\frac{11}{36}. Since A<60,A\lt60^\circ, cosA=56,\cos A=\frac{5}{6}, and therefore cos2A=718.\cos2A=\frac{7}{18}. Also B=1804A,B=180^\circ-4A, so another application of the sine law gives b=27sinBsinA=27sin4AsinA=274cosAcos2A=35. \begin{aligned} b &=27\frac{\sin B}{\sin A}\\ &=27\frac{\sin4A}{\sin A}\\ &=27\cdot4\cos A\cos2A\\ &=35. \end{aligned} Thus the correct answer is B.

29.

1010 进制表示中,整数 aa 由连续 19851985 个数字八组成,整数 bb 由连续 19851985 个数字五组成。1010 进制表示的整数 9ab9ab 的各位数字之和是多少?

In their base 1010 representations, the integer aa consists of a sequence of 19851985 eights and the integer bb consists of a sequence of 19851985 fives. What is the sum of the digits of the base 1010 representation of the integer 9ab?9ab?

1588015880

1785617856

1786517865

1787417874

1985119851

答案:C
难度评级:2530
小提示:

将由 kk 个相同数字组成的数用 R=10k19R=\frac{10^k-1}{9} 表示

Write a string of kk identical digits using R=10k19R=\frac{10^k-1}{9}

大提示:

去掉末尾的零后,将乘积表示为由 2k2k 个四组成的数减去由 kk 个八组成的数

After removing the terminal zero, express the product as a string of 2k2k fours minus a string of kk eights

解答:

k=1985k=1985,且 R=10k19R=\frac{10^k-1}{9}。则 a=8Ra=8Rb=5Rb=5R,而 9ab9ab00 结尾。去掉这个零不改变数字和,剩下 N=9ab10=36R2=49(102k1)89(10k1) \begin{aligned} N=\frac{9ab}{10} &=36R^2\\ &=\frac49(10^{2k}-1)\\ &\quad{}-\frac89(10^k-1)\text{。} \end{aligned} 因此,NN 是由 2k2k 个四组成的数减去由 kk 个八组成的数。相减后得到 k1k-1 个四,再接一个 33k1k-1 个五,最后接一个 66。其数字和为 4(k1)+3+5(k1)+6=9k=17865 \begin{aligned} &4(k-1)+3+5(k-1)+6\\ &\quad=9k=17865\text{。} \end{aligned} 所以正确答案是 C

Let k=1985k=1985 and R=10k19.R=\frac{10^k-1}{9}. Then a=8R,a=8R, b=5R,b=5R, and 9ab9ab ends in 0.0. Removing that zero does not change the digit sum and leaves N=9ab10=36R2=49(102k1)89(10k1). \begin{aligned} N=\frac{9ab}{10} &=36R^2\\ &=\frac49(10^{2k}-1)\\ &\quad{}-\frac89(10^k-1). \end{aligned} Thus NN is a string of 2k2k fours minus a string of kk eights. The subtraction produces k1k-1 fours, then 3,3, then k1k-1 fives, then 6.6. Its digit sum is 4(k1)+3+5(k1)+6=9k=17865. \begin{aligned} &4(k-1)+3+5(k-1)+6\\ &\quad=9k=17865. \end{aligned} Therefore the correct answer is C.

30.

x\lfloor x\rfloor 为小于或等于 xx 的最大整数。则方程 4x240x+51=04x^2-40\lfloor x\rfloor+51=0 的实数解个数为

Let x\lfloor x\rfloor be the greatest integer less than or equal to x.x. Then the number of real solutions to 4x240x+51=04x^2-40\lfloor x\rfloor+51=0 is

00

11

22

33

44

答案:E
难度评级:2380
小提示:

n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor,并由方程解出 x2x^2

Set n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor and solve the equation for x2x^2

大提示:

施加 nx<n+1n\le x\lt n+1,确定哪些整数 nn 可行

Enforce nx<n+1n\le x\lt n+1 to determine which integer values of nn work

解答:

n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor。解必须为正,并满足 x=10n514,nx<n+1 \begin{aligned} x&=\sqrt{10n-\frac{51}{4}},\\ n&\le x\lt n+1\text{。} \end{aligned} 下界不等式等价于 4n240n+510 4n^2-40n+51\le0\text{,} 所以 n=2,3,,8n=2,3,\ldots,8。上界不等式等价于 4n232n+55>0 4n^2-32n+55\gt0\text{。} 2,,82,\ldots,8 中,它恰对 n=2,6,7,8n=2,6,7,8 成立。每个区间贡献一个根,所以共有四个实数解。

因此正确答案是 E

Let n=x.n=\lfloor x\rfloor. A solution must be positive and satisfy x=10n514,nx<n+1. \begin{aligned} x&=\sqrt{10n-\frac{51}{4}},\\ n&\le x\lt n+1. \end{aligned} The lower inequality is equivalent to 4n240n+510, 4n^2-40n+51\le0, so n=2,3,,8.n=2,3,\ldots,8. The upper inequality is equivalent to 4n232n+55>0. 4n^2-32n+55\gt0. Among 2,,8,2,\ldots,8, this holds exactly for n=2,6,7,8.n=2,6,7,8. Each interval contributes one root, so there are four real solutions.

Therefore the correct answer is E.