1985 AMC 12 第 27 题

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27.

考虑数列 x1x_1x2x_2x3x_3\ldots,其定义为 x1=33,x2=(33)33 \begin{aligned} x_1&=\sqrt[3]{3},\\ x_2&=(\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{3}}\text{。} \end{aligned} 一般地, xn=(xn1)33 x_n=(x_{n-1})^{\sqrt[3]{3}} 其中 n>1n\gt1。求最小的 nn,使 xnx_n 为整数。

Consider a sequence x1,x_1, x2,x_2, x3,x_3, ,\ldots, defined by x1=33,x2=(33)33. \begin{aligned} x_1&=\sqrt[3]{3},\\ x_2&=(\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{3}}. \end{aligned} and in general xn=(xn1)33 x_n=(x_{n-1})^{\sqrt[3]{3}} for n>1.n\gt1. What is the smallest value of nn for which xnx_n is an integer?

22

33

44

99

2727

答案:C
知识点:指数不等式根式递推
难度评级:2380
小提示:

c=33c=\sqrt[3]{3},并追踪 33 的指数

Let c=33c=\sqrt[3]{3} and track the exponent of 33

大提示:

证明 xn=3cn13x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}},再检查前四项

Show that xn=3cn13x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}} and examine the first four terms

解答:

c=33c=\sqrt[3]{3}。反复应用递推式得到 xn=3cn13 x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}}\text{,} 所以 x4=3c33=3x_4=3^{\frac{c^3}{3}}=3。还需排除前三项。该数列严格递增。又因为 c<32c\lt\frac{3}{2}x2=cc<(32)32<2 x_2=c^c \lt\left(\frac32\right)^{\frac{3}{2}} \lt2\text{。} 最后,x3=31cx_3=3^{\frac{1}{c}}。由于 2c<232<32^c\lt2^{\frac{3}{2}}\lt3,有 x3>2x_3\gt2;而 1c<1\frac{1}{c}\lt1 给出 x3<3x_3\lt3。所以 x1,x2,x3x_1,x_2,x_3 都不是整数,第一项整数是 x4x_4

因此正确答案是 C

Let c=33.c=\sqrt[3]{3}. Repeated application of the recurrence gives xn=3cn13, x_n=3^{\frac{c^{\,n-1}}{3}}, so x4=3c33=3.x_4=3^{\frac{c^3}{3}}=3. It remains to rule out the first three terms. The sequence is strictly increasing. Also c<32,c\lt\frac{3}{2}, so x2=cc<(32)32<2. x_2=c^c \lt\left(\frac32\right)^{\frac{3}{2}} \lt2. Finally x3=31c.x_3=3^{\frac{1}{c}}. Since 2c<232<3,2^c\lt2^{\frac{3}{2}}\lt3, we have x3>2,x_3\gt2, while 1c<1\frac{1}{c}\lt1 gives x3<3.x_3\lt3. Thus x1,x2,x3x_1,x_2,x_3 are not integers, and the first integral term is x4.x_4.

Therefore the correct answer is C.

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