1998 AMC 12 第 27 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

27.

一个 9×9×99\times9\times9 的大立方体由二十七个 3×3×33\times3\times3 的小立方体组成。按如下方式给大立方体“打隧道”:首先,如图所示,移除构成每个面中心的六个 3×3×33\times3\times3 小立方体以及正中心的一个 3×3×33\times3\times3 小立方体。其次,对剩余二十个 3×3×33\times3\times3 小立方体逐个进行同样的操作,即移除各面中心的单位立方体以及正中心的单位立方体。最终图形的表面积为

A 9×9×99\times9\times9 cube is composed of twenty-seven 3×3×33\times3\times3 cubes. The big cube is “tunneled” as follows: First, the six 3×3×33\times3\times3 cubes which make up the center of each face as well as the center 3×3×33\times3\times3 cube are removed as shown. Second, each of the twenty remaining 3×3×33\times3\times3 cubes is diminished in the same way. That is, the center facial unit cubes as well as each center cube are removed. The surface area of the final figure is

384384

729729

864864

10241024

10561056

答案:E
知识点:表面积three-dimensional counting
难度评级:2290
小提示:

第一步之后,把剩余二十个大块小立方体分成角块和棱块两类

After the first stage, classify the twenty remaining large subcubes as corner or edge cubes

大提示:

第二步每打通一个隧道,都要减去外露的中心正方形,并加上新露出的隧道内壁

For each second-stage tunnel, subtract exposed center squares and add the newly exposed tunnel walls

解答:

第一步之后,88 个角块各贡献 2727 个外露单位面,1212 个棱块各贡献 3636 个。给一个角块打隧道会移除 33 个外露单位正方形,并增加 2424 个隧道内壁正方形;给一个棱块打隧道会移除 44 个外露面,也增加 2424 个内壁面。因此最终面积为 8(273+24)+12(364+24)=384+672=1056 \begin{aligned} &8(27-3+24)\\ &\qquad+12(36-4+24)\\ &=384+672=1056 \end{aligned}\text{。}所以正确答案是 E

After the first stage, 88 corner subcubes contribute 2727 exposed units each, and 1212 edge subcubes contribute 3636 each. Tunneling a corner subcube removes 33 exposed unit squares and adds 2424 tunnel-wall squares; tunneling an edge subcube removes 44 and also adds 24.24. Hence the final area is 8(273+24)+12(364+24)=384+672=1056. \begin{aligned} &8(27-3+24)\\ &\qquad+12(36-4+24)\\ &=384+672=1056. \end{aligned} Thus E is correct.

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