1992 AMC 12 真题

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1.

3(4x+5π)=P3(4x+5\pi)=P,则 6(8x+10π)=6(8x+10\pi)=

If 3(4x+5π)=P,3(4x+5\pi)=P, then 6(8x+10π)=6(8x+10\pi)=

2P2P

4P4P

6P6P

8P8P

18P18P

答案:B
知识点:algebraic scaling分配律
难度评级:770
小提示:

比较 8x+10π8x+10\pi4x+5π4x+5\pi

Compare 8x+10π8x+10\pi with 4x+5π4x+5\pi

大提示:

分别考虑括号内表达式的倍数变化和括号外系数的倍数变化

Account separately for the change inside the parentheses and the change in the outside coefficient

解答:

8x+10π=2(4x+5π)8x+10\pi=2(4x+5\pi),可得 6(8x+10π)=12(4x+5π)=4[3(4x+5π)]=4P \begin{gathered} 6(8x+10\pi)\\ {}=12(4x+5\pi)\\ {}=4\bigl[3(4x+5\pi)\bigr]\\ {}=4P \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此正确答案是 B

We have 8x+10π=2(4x+5π),8x+10\pi=2(4x+5\pi), so 6(8x+10π)=12(4x+5π)=4[3(4x+5π)]=4P. \begin{gathered} 6(8x+10\pi)\\ {}=12(4x+5\pi)\\ {}=4\bigl[3(4x+5\pi)\bigr]\\ {}=4P. \end{gathered}

Thus the correct answer is B.

2.

一个瓮中装有硬币和珠子,每件物品不是银制就是金制。瓮中物品的百分之二十是珠子,硬币的百分之四十是银制的。金制硬币占瓮中全部物品的百分之几?

An urn is filled with coins and beads, all of which are either silver or gold. Twenty percent of the objects in the urn are beads. Forty percent of the coins in the urn are silver. What percent of the objects in the urn are gold coins?

40%40\%

48%48\%

52%52\%

60%60\%

80%80\%

答案:B
难度评级:890
小提示:

先求硬币占全部物品的百分比

First find the percent of all objects that are coins

大提示:

再用银制硬币所占百分比的补数求金制硬币所占百分比

Of those coins, use the complement of the silver percentage

解答:

硬币占全部物品的 80%80\%,其中 60%60\% 的硬币是金制的。因此金制硬币所占的比例为 0.800.60=0.48=48% 0.80\cdot0.60=0.48=48\%\text{,} 这里是相对全部物品而言的。

因此正确答案是 B

Coins make up 80%80\% of the objects, and 60%60\% of the coins are gold. Thus gold coins make up 0.800.60=0.48=48% 0.80\cdot0.60=0.48=48\% of all the objects.

Thus the correct answer is B.

3.

m>0m\gt0,且点 (m,3)(m,3)(1,m)(1,m) 在一条斜率为 mm 的直线上,则 m=m=

If m>0m\gt0 and the points (m,3)(m,3) and (1,m)(1,m) lie on a line with slope m,m, then m=m=

11

2\sqrt2

3\sqrt3

22

5\sqrt5

答案:C
难度评级:1420
小提示:

写出两给定点之间的斜率

Write the slope between the two given points

大提示:

m31m=m\frac{m-3}{1-m}=m,并利用正值条件

Set m31m=m\frac{m-3}{1-m}=m and use the positivity condition

解答:

由斜率条件得 m31m=m \frac{m-3}{1-m}=m\text{。}因此 m3=mm2m-3=m-m^2,从而 m2=3m^2=3。因为 m>0m\gt0,所以 m=3m=\sqrt3

因此正确答案是 C

The slope condition gives m31m=m. \frac{m-3}{1-m}=m. Therefore m3=mm2,m-3=m-m^2, so m2=3.m^2=3. Since m>0,m\gt0, we obtain m=3.m=\sqrt3.

Thus the correct answer is C.

4.

aabbcc 都是正整数,且 aabb 都是奇数,则 3a+(b1)2c3^a+(b-1)^2c

If a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers and aa and bb are odd, then 3a+(b1)2c3^a+(b-1)^2c is

对任意 cc 都是奇数

odd for all choices of cc

对任意 cc 都是偶数

even for all choices of cc

cc 为偶数时是奇数;当 cc 为奇数时是偶数

odd if cc is even; even if cc is odd

cc 为奇数时是奇数;当 cc 为偶数时是偶数

odd if cc is odd; even if cc is even

cc 不是 33 的倍数时是奇数;当 cc33 的倍数时是偶数

odd if cc is not a multiple of 33; even if cc is a multiple of 33

答案:A
知识点:奇偶性powers
难度评级:960
小提示:

分别判断两个加数的奇偶性

Determine the parity of each of the two terms

大提示:

因为 bb 是奇数,所以 b1b-1 是偶数

Because bb is odd, b1b-1 is even

解答:

3a3^a 是奇数。由于 b1b-1 是偶数,所以对于任意正整数 cc(b1)2c(b-1)^2c 都是偶数。奇数与偶数之和总是奇数。

因此正确答案是 A

The power 3a3^a is odd. Since b1b-1 is even, (b1)2c(b-1)^2c is even for every positive integer c.c. The sum of an odd integer and an even integer is always odd.

Thus the correct answer is A.

5.

66+66+66+66+66+66=6^6+6^6+6^6+6^6+6^6+6^6=

666^6

676^7

36636^6

6366^{36}

363636^{36}

答案:B
难度评级:890
小提示:

提取重复出现的加数 666^6

Factor the repeated summand 666^6

大提示:

共有六个完全相同的加数

There are exactly six identical terms

解答:

提取公因式可得 666=61+6=676\cdot6^6=6^{1+6}=6^7

因此正确答案是 B

Factoring gives 666=61+6=67.6\cdot6^6=6^{1+6}=6^7.

Thus the correct answer is B.

6.

x>y>0x\gt y\gt0,则 xyyxyyxx= \frac{x^y y^x}{y^y x^x}=

If x>y>0,x\gt y\gt0, then xyyxyyxx= \frac{x^y y^x}{y^y x^x}=

(xy)yx(x-y)^{\frac{y}{x}}

(xy)xy\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^{x-y}

11

(xy)yx\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^{y-x}

(xy)xy(x-y)^{\frac{x}{y}}

答案:D
难度评级:1570
小提示:

分别合并 xx 的幂和 yy 的幂

Collect the powers of xx and the powers of yy separately

大提示:

用一个比值改写 xyxyxyx^{y-x}y^{x-y}

Rewrite xyxyxyx^{y-x}y^{x-y} using a single ratio

解答:

合并同底数幂可得 xyyxyyxx=xyxyxy=(xy)yx \frac{x^y y^x}{y^y x^x} =x^{y-x}y^{x-y} =\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^{y-x}\text{。}

因此正确答案是 D

Combining like bases, xyyxyyxx=xyxyxy=(xy)yx. \frac{x^y y^x}{y^y x^x} =x^{y-x}y^{x-y} =\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^{y-x}.

Thus the correct answer is D.

7.

wwxx 之比为 4:34:3yyzz 之比为 3:23:2,而 zzxx 之比为 1:61:6。求 wwyy 之比。

The ratio of ww to xx is 4:3,4:3, of yy to zz is 3:2,3:2, and of zz to xx is 1:6.1:6. What is the ratio of ww to y?y?

1:31:3

16:316:3

20:320:3

27:427:4

12:112:1

答案:B
难度评级:1260
小提示:

wwyy 都表示成 xx 的倍数

Express both ww and yy as multiples of xx

大提示:

使用 wy=wxxzzy\frac{w}{y}=\frac{w}{x}\cdot\frac{x}{z}\cdot\frac{z}{y}

Use wy=wxxzzy\frac{w}{y}=\frac{w}{x}\cdot\frac{x}{z}\cdot\frac{z}{y}

解答:

将已知比值相乘,得到 wy=wxxzzy=43623=163 \begin{aligned} \frac wy &=\frac wx\cdot\frac xz\cdot\frac zy\\ &=\frac43\cdot6\cdot\frac23=\frac{16}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 w:y=16:3w:y=16:3

因此正确答案是 B

Multiplying the given ratios, wy=wxxzzy=43623=163. \begin{aligned} \frac wy &=\frac wx\cdot\frac xz\cdot\frac zy\\ &=\frac43\cdot6\cdot\frac23=\frac{16}{3}. \end{aligned} Thus w:y=16:3.w:y=16:3.

Thus the correct answer is B.

8.

一个正方形地面由全等的正方形瓷砖铺成。两条对角线上的瓷砖是黑色的,其余瓷砖是白色的。若共有 101101 块黑色瓷砖,则瓷砖总数为

A square floor is tiled with congruent square tiles. The tiles on the two diagonals of the floor are black. The rest of the tiles are white. If there are 101101 black tiles, then the total number of tiles is

121121

625625

676676

25002500

26012601

答案:E
难度评级:1260
小提示:

若地面每边有 nn 块瓷砖,计算两条对角线上的瓷砖数

If the floor has nn tiles on a side, count the tiles on both diagonals

大提示:

由于黑色瓷砖总数为奇数,两条对角线共用中央的一块瓷砖

Because the total number of black tiles is odd, the two diagonals share one center tile

解答:

nn 为奇数时,每条对角线含有 nn 块瓷砖,两条对角线只共用中央的一块。因此 2n1=1012n-1=101,所以 n=51n=51。地面共有 512=260151^2=2601 块瓷砖。

因此正确答案是 E

For an odd n,n, each diagonal contains nn tiles and the two diagonals share only the center tile. Hence 2n1=101,2n-1=101, so n=51.n=51. The floor therefore contains 512=260151^2=2601 tiles.

Thus the correct answer is E.

9.

五个边长均为 232\sqrt3 的等边三角形排列在同一直线的一侧,且每个三角形都有一条边在该直线上。沿着这条直线,一个三角形底边的中点是下一个三角形的一个顶点。这五个三角形区域的并集所覆盖的平面区域面积为

Five equilateral triangles, each with side 23,2\sqrt3, are arranged so they are all on the same side of a line containing one side of each. Along this line, the midpoint of the base of one triangle is a vertex of the next. The area of the region of the plane that is covered by the union of the five triangular regions is

1010

1212

1515

10310\sqrt3

12312\sqrt3

答案:E
难度评级:1780
小提示:

先把五个大三角形的面积相加,再减去重叠部分

Add the areas of the five large triangles, then subtract their overlaps

大提示:

每一对相邻三角形的重叠部分都是边长为原来一半的等边三角形

Each adjacent overlap is an equilateral triangle with half the original side length

解答:

每个大三角形的面积为 34(23)2=33 \frac{\sqrt3}{4}(2\sqrt3)^2=3\sqrt3\text{。}四个重叠部分都是边长为 3\sqrt3 的等边三角形,面积均为 334\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}。不存在三个三角形共同重叠的区域,所以并集的面积为 5(33)4(334)=123 5(3\sqrt3)-4\left(\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}\right)=12\sqrt3\text{。}

因此正确答案是 E

Each large triangle has area 34(23)2=33. \frac{\sqrt3}{4}(2\sqrt3)^2=3\sqrt3. Each of the four overlaps is an equilateral triangle of side 3,\sqrt3, hence area 334.\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}. There are no triple overlaps, so the union has area 5(33)4(334)=123. 5(3\sqrt3)-4\left(\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}\right)=12\sqrt3.

Thus the correct answer is E.

10.

使方程 kx12=3k kx-12=3k xx 有整数解的正整数 kk 的个数为

The number of positive integers kk for which the equation kx12=3k kx-12=3k has an integer solution for xx is

33

44

55

66

77

答案:D
难度评级:1420
小提示:

kk 表示 xx

Solve the equation for xx in terms of kk

大提示:

当且仅当 kk1212 的正因数时,3+12k3+\frac{12}{k} 才是整数

The expression 3+12k3+\frac{12}{k} is integral exactly when kk is a positive divisor of 1212

解答:

解得 x=3+12kx=3+\frac{12}{k}。因此,当且仅当 kk1212 的正因数时,xx 才是整数。可能的取值为 11223344661212,共 66 个。

因此正确答案是 D

Solving gives x=3+12k.x=3+\frac{12}{k}. Thus xx is an integer precisely when kk is a positive divisor of 12.12. The possibilities are 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 6,6, and 12,12, for a total of 6.6.

Thus the correct answer is D.

11.

两个同心圆的半径之比为 1:31:3。若 AC\overline{AC} 是大圆的直径,BC\overline{BC} 是大圆的一条弦且与小圆相切,并且 AB=12AB=12,则大圆的半径为

The ratio of the radii of two concentric circles is 1:3.1:3. If AC\overline{AC} is a diameter of the larger circle, BC\overline{BC} is a chord of the larger circle that is tangent to the smaller circle, and AB=12,AB=12, then the radius of the larger circle is

1313

1818

2121

2424

2626

答案:B
难度评级:1810
小提示:

连接圆心与 BC\overline{BC} 和小圆的切点

Draw the radius to the point where BC\overline{BC} touches the smaller circle

大提示:

利用切点半径与直径构成的相似直角三角形

Use the similar right triangles formed by the tangent radius and the diameter

解答:

OO 为共同的圆心,TTBC\overline{BC} 上的切点。由于 OTBCOT\perp BC,且 ABC=90\angle ABC=90^\circ,三角形 OTCOTCABCABC 相似。若大圆半径为 RR,则 OT=R3OT=\frac{R}{3}OC=ROC=R,且 AC=2RAC=2R。因此 OTAB=OCAC=12 \frac{OT}{AB}=\frac{OC}{AC}=\frac12\text{。}所以 OT=6OT=6,并且 R=3OT=18R=3OT=18

因此正确答案是 B

Let OO be the common center and TT the tangency point on BC.\overline{BC}. Since OTBCOT\perp BC and ABC=90,\angle ABC=90^\circ, triangles OTCOTC and ABCABC are similar. If the larger radius is R,R, then OT=R3,OT=\frac{R}{3}, OC=R,OC=R, and AC=2R.AC=2R. Thus OTAB=OCAC=12. \frac{OT}{AB}=\frac{OC}{AC}=\frac12. Hence OT=6OT=6 and R=3OT=18.R=3OT=18.

Thus the correct answer is B.

12.

直线 x3y+11=0x-3y+11=0 关于 xx 轴的对称图像为 y=mx+by=mx+b。则 m+bm+b 的值为

Let y=mx+by=mx+b be the image when the line x3y+11=0x-3y+11=0 is reflected across the xx-axis. The value of m+bm+b is

6-6

5-5

4-4

3-3

2-2

答案:C
难度评级:1420
小提示:

关于 xx 轴对称会把每个点的 yy 坐标变为其相反数

Reflection across the xx-axis replaces each yy-coordinate by its negative

大提示:

在原方程中将 yy 替换为 y-y,再解出 yy

Replace yy by y-y in the original equation, then solve for yy

解答:

(x,y)(x,y) 在对称后的直线上,当且仅当 (x,y)(x,-y) 在原直线上。因此 x+3y+11=0x+3y+11=0,即 y=13x113 y=-\frac13x-\frac{11}{3}\text{。}所以 m+b=13113=4m+b=-\frac13-\frac{11}{3}=-4

因此正确答案是 C

A point (x,y)(x,y) is on the reflected line exactly when (x,y)(x,-y) is on the original line. Hence x+3y+11=0,x+3y+11=0, or y=13x113. y=-\frac13x-\frac{11}{3}. Therefore m+b=13113=4.m+b=-\frac13-\frac{11}{3}=-4.

Thus the correct answer is C.

13.

有多少个正整数对 (a,b)(a,b) 既满足 a+b100a+b\le100,又满足方程 a+b1a1+b=13 \frac{a+b^{-1}}{a^{-1}+b}=13\text{?}

How many pairs of positive integers (a,b)(a,b) with a+b100a+b\le100 satisfy the equation a+b1a1+b=13? \frac{a+b^{-1}}{a^{-1}+b}=13?

11

55

77

99

1313

答案:C
难度评级:1800
小提示:

将分子和分母同时乘以 abab

Multiply the numerator and denominator by abab

大提示:

化简后把 aa 表示成 bb 的倍数,再使用 a+ba+b 的上界

After simplifying, write aa as a multiple of bb and apply the bound on a+ba+b

解答:

将分子和分母同时乘以 abab,得到 a2b+ab+ab2=a(ab+1)b(ab+1)=ab \frac{a^2b+a}{b+ab^2} =\frac{a(ab+1)}{b(ab+1)} =\frac ab\text{。}因此 a=13ba=13b。条件 a+b100a+b\le100 变为 14b10014b\le100,所以 bb 可以取从 1177 的任一整数,共有 77 对。

因此正确答案是 C

Multiplying the numerator and denominator by abab gives a2b+ab+ab2=a(ab+1)b(ab+1)=ab. \frac{a^2b+a}{b+ab^2} =\frac{a(ab+1)}{b(ab+1)} =\frac ab. Thus a=13b.a=13b. The condition a+b100a+b\le100 becomes 14b100,14b\le100, so bb may be any integer from 11 through 7.7. There are 77 pairs.

Thus the correct answer is C.

14.

下列哪些方程的图像相同?I. y=x2II. y=x24x+2III. (x+2)y=x24 \begin{aligned} &\text{I. }y=x-2\\ &\text{II. }y=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x+2}\\ &\text{III. }(x+2)y=x^2-4 \end{aligned}

Which of the following equations have the same graph? I. y=x2II. y=x24x+2III. (x+2)y=x24 \begin{aligned} &\text{I. }y=x-2\\ &\text{II. }y=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x+2}\\ &\text{III. }(x+2)y=x^2-4 \end{aligned}

I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II}

I\mathrm{I} and II\mathrm{II} only

I\mathrm{I}III\mathrm{III}

I\mathrm{I} and III\mathrm{III} only

II\mathrm{II}III\mathrm{III}

II\mathrm{II} and III\mathrm{III} only

I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II}III\mathrm{III}

I,\mathrm{I}, II\mathrm{II} and III\mathrm{III}

都不是,所有方程的图像都不同

None. All the equations have different graphs

答案:E
难度评级:1960
小提示:

特别注意 x=2x=-2 时会发生什么

Pay special attention to what happens when x=2x=-2

大提示:

方程 II 少了一个点,而方程 III 多出了一整条竖直直线

Equation II omits one point, while equation III includes an entire extra vertical line

解答:

方程 I 表示整条直线 y=x2y=x-2。方程 II 只有在 x2x\ne-2 时才能化简为该直线,因此少了点 (2,4)(-2,-4)。在方程 III 中,每个满足 x=2x=-2 的点都使等式 0=00=0 成立;对其他 xx,方程给出 y=x2y=x-2。所以 III 表示该直线与整条竖直直线 x=2x=-2 的并集。三个图像各不相同。

因此正确答案是 E

Equation I is the whole line y=x2.y=x-2. Equation II simplifies to that line only when x2,x\ne-2, so it omits (2,4).(-2,-4). In equation III, every point with x=2x=-2 satisfies 0=0;0=0; for other xx it gives y=x2.y=x-2. Thus III is the line together with the entire vertical line x=2.x=-2. The three graphs are different.

Thus the correct answer is E.

15.

i=1i=\sqrt{-1}。对 n1n\ge1,按下式定义一个复数数列:z1=0,zn+1=zn2+i \begin{aligned} z_1&=0,\\ z_{n+1}&=z_n^2+i \end{aligned}\text{。}在复平面中,z111z_{111} 到原点的距离是多少?

Let i=1.i=\sqrt{-1}. For n1,n\ge1, define a sequence of complex numbers by z1=0,zn+1=zn2+i. \begin{aligned} z_1&=0,\\ z_{n+1}&=z_n^2+i. \end{aligned} In the complex plane, how far from the origin is z111?z_{111}?

11

2\sqrt2

3\sqrt3

110\sqrt{110}

255\sqrt{2^{55}}

答案:B
难度评级:1960
小提示:

先计算数列的前几项,不要试图直接展开 z111z_{111}

Compute the first few terms rather than trying to expand z111z_{111}

大提示:

z3z_3 开始寻找循环

Look for a cycle beginning with z3z_3

解答:

前几项为 z1=0,z2=i,z3=1+i,z4=i,z5=1+i \begin{aligned} z_1&=0,\quad z_2=i,\quad z_3=-1+i,\\ z_4&=-i,\quad z_5=-1+i \end{aligned}\text{。}因此从 z3z_3 起,奇数下标项为 1+i-1+i,偶数下标项为 i-i,两者交替出现。所以 z111=1+iz_{111}=-1+i,它到原点的距离为 (1)2+12=2\sqrt{(-1)^2+1^2}=\sqrt2

因此正确答案是 B

The first terms are z1=0,z2=i,z3=1+i,z4=i,z5=1+i. \begin{aligned} z_1&=0,\quad z_2=i,\quad z_3=-1+i,\\ z_4&=-i,\quad z_5=-1+i. \end{aligned} Hence the sequence alternates between 1+i-1+i at odd indices and i-i at even indices from z3z_3 onward. Therefore z111=1+i,z_{111}=-1+i, whose distance from the origin is (1)2+12=2.\sqrt{(-1)^2+1^2}=\sqrt2.

Thus the correct answer is B.

16.

若三个互不相同的正数 xxyyzz 满足 yxz=x+yz=xy \frac{y}{x-z}=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{x}{y} xy=\frac{x}{y}=

If yxz=x+yz=xy \frac{y}{x-z}=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{x}{y} for three positive numbers x,x, y,y, and z,z, all different, then xy=\frac{x}{y}=

12\frac12

35\frac35

23\frac23

53\frac53

22

答案:E
难度评级:2000
小提示:

r=xyr=\frac{x}{y},用中间的比值表示 zy\frac{z}{y}

Let r=xyr=\frac{x}{y} and express zy\frac{z}{y} using the middle ratio

大提示:

zy=r+1r\frac{z}{y}=\frac{r+1}{r} 代入第一个比值

Substitute zy=r+1r\frac{z}{y}=\frac{r+1}{r} into the first ratio

解答:

r=xy>0r=\frac{x}{y}\gt0。由 x+yz=r\frac{x+y}{z}=rzy=r+1r\frac{z}{y}=\frac{r+1}{r}。于是 yxz=1rr+1r=r \frac{y}{x-z} =\frac{1}{r-\frac{r+1}{r}} =r\text{。}所以 r2r1=1r^2-r-1=1,即 r2r2=0r^2-r-2=0。因此 r=2r=21-1,由正值条件得 r=2r=2

因此正确答案是 E

Let r=xy>0.r=\frac{x}{y}\gt0. From x+yz=r,\frac{x+y}{z}=r, we get zy=r+1r.\frac{z}{y}=\frac{r+1}{r}. Then yxz=1rr+1r=r. \frac{y}{x-z} =\frac{1}{r-\frac{r+1}{r}} =r. Thus r2r1=1,r^2-r-1=1, or r2r2=0.r^2-r-2=0. Hence r=2r=2 or 1,-1, and positivity gives r=2.r=2.

Thus the correct answer is E.

17.

将从 19199292 的两位整数依次写在一起,形成大整数 N=19202122909192 N=19202122\ldots909192\text{。}3k3^k33 的幂中能整除 NN 的最高次者,则 k=k=

The two-digit integers from 1919 to 9292 are written consecutively to form the large integer N=19202122909192. N=19202122\ldots909192. If 3k3^k is the highest power of 33 that is a factor of N,N, then k=k=

00

11

22

33

大于 33

more than 33

答案:B
难度评级:1830
小提示:

使用被 3399 整除的数字和判别法

Use the digit-sum tests for divisibility by 33 and 99

大提示:

99 时,这个拼接整数的数字和等同于 19+20++9219+20+\cdots+92

Modulo 9,9, the digit sum of the concatenation equals 19+20++9219+20+\cdots+92

解答:

99 时,一个数与其各位数字之和同余,所以 N19+20++92=74(19+92)2=41073(mod9) \begin{aligned} N&\equiv19+20+\cdots+92\\ &=\frac{74(19+92)}2\\ &=4107\equiv3\pmod9 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 NN 能被 33 整除但不能被 99 整除,所以整除它的最高次 33 的幂是 313^1

因此正确答案是 B

Modulo 9,9, a number is congruent to its digit sum, so N19+20++92=74(19+92)2=41073(mod9). \begin{aligned} N&\equiv19+20+\cdots+92\\ &=\frac{74(19+92)}2\\ &=4107\equiv3\pmod9. \end{aligned} Thus NN is divisible by 33 but not by 9,9, so the highest power of 33 dividing it is 31.3^1.

Thus the correct answer is B.

18.

递增正整数数列 a1a_1a2a_2a3a_3\ldots 对每个 n1n\ge1 都满足 an+2=an+an+1 a_{n+2}=a_n+a_{n+1}\text{。}a7=120a_7=120,则 a8a_8

The increasing sequence of positive integers a1,a_1, a2,a_2, a3,a_3, \ldots has the property that, for every n1,n\ge1, an+2=an+an+1. a_{n+2}=a_n+a_{n+1}. If a7=120,a_7=120, then a8a_8 is

128128

168168

193193

194194

210210

答案:D
难度评级:1960
小提示:

写出 a7a_7a8a_8 关于 a1a_1a2a_2 的表达式

Write a7a_7 and a8a_8 in terms of a1a_1 and a2a_2

大提示:

5a1+8a2=1205a_1+8a_2=120 出发,使用同余关系和 a2>a1>0a_2\gt a_1\gt0

From 5a1+8a2=120,5a_1+8a_2=120, use congruences and a2>a1>0a_2\gt a_1\gt0

解答:

a1=aa_1=aa2=ba_2=b。反复使用递推关系可得 a7=5a+8b=120,a8=8a+13b \begin{aligned} a_7&=5a+8b=120,\\ a_8&=8a+13b \end{aligned}\text{。}对第一个方程模 55,可知 bb55 的倍数。正数取值只有 b=5b=5b=10b=10b=15b=15。条件 b>a>0b\gt a\gt0 使得只有 b=10b=10a=8a=8 可行。因此 a8=8(8)+13(10)=194a_8=8(8)+13(10)=194

因此正确答案是 D

Let a1=aa_1=a and a2=b.a_2=b. Repeated use of the recurrence gives a7=5a+8b=120,a8=8a+13b. \begin{aligned} a_7&=5a+8b=120,\\ a_8&=8a+13b. \end{aligned} Modulo 5,5, the first equation shows that bb is a multiple of 5.5. The positive possibilities are b=5,b=5, b=10,b=10, or b=15.b=15. The conditions b>a>0b\gt a\gt0 leave only b=10b=10 and a=8.a=8. Hence a8=8(8)+13(10)=194.a_8=8(8)+13(10)=194.

Thus the correct answer is D.

19.

对一个实心正方体的每个顶点,取由该顶点和与它相接的三条棱的中点所确定的四面体。切去这八个四面体后,正方体剩余的部分称为截半立方体。截半立方体与原正方体的体积之比最接近下列哪一项?

For each vertex of a solid cube, consider the tetrahedron determined by the vertex and the midpoints of the three edges that meet at that vertex. The portion of the cube that remains when these eight tetrahedra are cut away is called a cuboctahedron. The ratio of the volume of the cuboctahedron to the volume of the original cube is closest to which of these?

75%75\%

78%78\%

81%81\%

84%84\%

87%87\%

答案:D
难度评级:1960
小提示:

为正方体选取一个便于计算的边长,再求一个被切去的角四面体的体积

Choose a convenient side length for the cube and compute one removed corner tetrahedron

大提示:

每个被切去的四面体都有三条两两垂直的棱,其长度等于正方体边长的一半

Each removed tetrahedron has three mutually perpendicular edges equal to half the cube’s side

解答:

取正方体边长为 22,则其体积为 88。每个角四面体有三条长度为 11 且两两垂直的棱,所以体积为 16\frac16。八个被切去的四面体总体积为 43\frac43,剩余体积为 203\frac{20}{3}。所求比值为 2038=56=8313% \frac{\frac{20}{3}}{8}=\frac56=83\tfrac13\%\text{,}最接近 84%84\%

因此正确答案是 D

Take the cube’s side length to be 2.2. Its volume is 8.8. Each corner tetrahedron has three perpendicular edges of length 1,1, so its volume is 16.\frac16. The eight removed tetrahedra have total volume 43,\frac43, leaving 203.\frac{20}{3}. The ratio is 2038=56=8313%, \frac{\frac{20}{3}}{8}=\frac56=83\tfrac13\%, which is closest to 84%.84\%.

Thus the correct answer is D.

20.

图中显示了一个“nn 角正星形”的一部分。它是一个简单闭合多边形,其中 2n2n 条边全等,角 A1A_1A2A_2\ldotsAnA_n 全等,角 B1B_1B2B_2\ldotsBnB_n 也全等。若 A1A_1 处的锐角比 B1B_1 处的锐角小 1010^\circ,则 n=n=

Part of an “nn-pointed regular star” is shown. It is a simple closed polygon in which all 2n2n edges are congruent, angles A1,A_1, A2,A_2, ,\ldots, AnA_n are congruent, and angles B1,B_1, B2,B_2, ,\ldots, BnB_n are congruent. If the acute angle at A1A_1 is 1010^\circ less than the acute angle at B1,B_1, then n=n=

1212

1818

2424

3636

6060

答案:D
难度评级:2110
小提示:

AA 类顶点和 BB 类顶点处的锐角分别为 α\alphaβ\beta

Let the acute angles at the AA- and BB-vertices be α\alpha and β\beta

大提示:

在每个向内凹的 BB 类顶点处,多边形的内角为 360β360^\circ-\beta

At each inward BB-vertex, the polygon’s interior angle is 360β360^\circ-\beta

解答:

设尖角与凹口处的锐角分别为 α\alphaβ\beta,则 βα=10\beta-\alpha=10^\circ。这个 2n2n 边形有 nn 个内角 α\alphann 个优角 360β360^\circ-\beta。因此 nα+n(360β)=(2n2)180 \begin{gathered} n\alpha+n(360^\circ-\beta)\\ {}=(2n-2)180^\circ \end{gathered}\text{。}代入 βα=10\beta-\alpha=10^\circ,得到 350n=360n360350n=360n-360,所以 n=36n=36

因此正确答案是 D

Let the acute angles at the tips and notches be α\alpha and β,\beta, respectively, so βα=10.\beta-\alpha=10^\circ. The 2n2n-gon has nn interior angles α\alpha and nn reflex interior angles 360β.360^\circ-\beta. Therefore nα+n(360β)=(2n2)180. \begin{gathered} n\alpha+n(360^\circ-\beta)\\ {}=(2n-2)180^\circ. \end{gathered} Substituting βα=10\beta-\alpha=10^\circ gives 350n=360n360,350n=360n-360, so n=36.n=36.

Thus the correct answer is D.

21.

对有限数列 A=(a1,a2,,an)A=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n),定义 AA切萨罗和S1+S2++Snn \frac{S_1+S_2+\cdots+S_n}{n}\text{,}其中 Sk=a1+a2+a3++ak(1kn) \begin{aligned} S_k&=a_1+a_2+a_3+\cdots+a_k\\ &\qquad(1\le k\le n) \end{aligned}\text{。}9999 项数列 (a1,a2,,a99)(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_{99}) 的切萨罗和为 10001000,则 100100 项数列 (1,a1,a2,,a99)(1,a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_{99}) 的切萨罗和是多少?

For a finite sequence A=(a1,a2,,an)A=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n) of numbers, the Cesàro sum of AA is defined to be S1+S2++Snn, \frac{S_1+S_2+\cdots+S_n}{n}, where Sk=a1+a2+a3++ak(1kn). \begin{aligned} S_k&=a_1+a_2+a_3+\cdots+a_k\\ &\qquad(1\le k\le n). \end{aligned} If the Cesàro sum of the 9999-term sequence (a1,a2,,a99)(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_{99}) is 1000,1000, what is the Cesàro sum of the 100100-term sequence (1,a1,a2,,a99)?(1,a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_{99})?

991991

999999

10001000

10011001

10091009

答案:A
难度评级:2000
小提示:

根据第一个切萨罗和求出 S1++S99S_1+\cdots+S_{99} 的值

Convert the first Cesàro sum into the value of S1++S99S_1+\cdots+S_{99}

大提示:

每个新的部分和都等于一个原部分和加 11,并且最初还有一个等于 11 的部分和

Each new partial sum is 11 plus an old partial sum, with one initial partial sum equal to 11

解答:

已知条件表明 S1++S99=99,000S_1+\cdots+S_{99}=99{,}000。新数列的部分和依次为 1,1+S1,,1+S991,1+S_1,\ldots,1+S_{99}。它们的和为 100+(S1++S99)=99,100 100+(S_1+\cdots+S_{99})=99{,}100\text{。}除以 100100,得到新的切萨罗和 991991

因此正确答案是 A

The given condition says S1++S99=99,000.S_1+\cdots+S_{99}=99{,}000. For the new sequence, the partial sums are 1,1+S1,,1+S99.1,1+S_1,\ldots,1+S_{99}. Their sum is 100+(S1++S99)=99,100. 100+(S_1+\cdots+S_{99})=99{,}100. Dividing by 100100 gives the new Cesàro sum 991.991.

Thus the correct answer is A.

22.

xx 轴正半轴 X+\mathrm{X}^+ 上选取十个点,在 yy 轴正半轴 Y+\mathrm{Y}^+ 上选取五个点。连接 X+\mathrm{X}^+ 上每个选定点与 Y+\mathrm{Y}^+ 上每个选定点,共画出五十条线段。位于第一象限内部的这些线段交点数最多可能是多少?

Ten points are selected on the positive xx-axis, X+,\mathrm{X}^+, and five points are selected on the positive yy-axis, Y+.\mathrm{Y}^+. The fifty segments connecting the ten selected points on X+\mathrm{X}^+ to the five selected points on Y+\mathrm{Y}^+ are drawn. What is the maximum possible number of points of intersection of these fifty segments that could lie in the interior of the first quadrant?

250250

450450

500500

12501250

25002500

答案:B
难度评级:2110
小提示:

一个内部交点由每条坐标轴上各选两个点确定

An interior crossing is determined by choosing two points from each axis

大提示:

对每条坐标轴上选定的两个点,四条连接线段中恰有一对相交

For each selected pair on each axis, exactly one pair of the four connecting segments crosses

解答:

从这 1010xx 轴上的点中选两个,再从这 55yy 轴上的点中选两个。在四条连接线段中,端点次序相反的两条恰好相交一次。可以选取这些点,使得没有三条线段在同一个内部点相交,因此最大值为 (102)(52)=4510=450 \binom{10}{2}\binom{5}{2}=45\cdot10=450\text{。}

因此正确答案是 B

Choose two of the 1010 points on the xx-axis and two of the 55 points on the yy-axis. Among the four connecting segments, the two with reversed endpoint order cross exactly once. The points can be chosen so no three segments meet at one interior point, so the maximum is (102)(52)=4510=450. \binom{10}{2}\binom{5}{2}=45\cdot10=450.

Thus the correct answer is B.

23.

SS{1,2,3,,50}\{1,2,3,\ldots,50\} 的子集,且 SS 中任意两个不同元素之和都不能被 77 整除,则这样的子集最多能有多少个元素?

What is the size of the largest subset SS of {1,2,3,,50}\{1,2,3,\ldots,50\} such that no pair of distinct elements of SS has a sum divisible by 7?7?

66

77

1414

2222

2323

答案:E
难度评级:2170
小提示:

按模 77 的余数将这些整数分组

Group the integers by their residues modulo 77

大提示:

将余数类 116622553344 分别配对,并单独处理余数类 00

Pair residue classes 11 with 6,6, 22 with 5,5, and 33 with 44; treat residue 00 separately

解答:

余数类 1,2,,6,01,2,\ldots,6,0 分别含有 8,7,7,7,7,7,78,7,7,7,7,7,7 个数。在每对互补余数类 (1,6),(2,5),(3,4)(1,6),(2,5),(3,4) 中,我们至多能从一个余数类取数,并且至多取一个 77 的倍数。因此 Smax(8,7)+max(7,7)+max(7,7)+1=23 \begin{aligned} |S|&\le\max(8,7)+\max(7,7)\\ &\qquad+\max(7,7)+1=23 \end{aligned}\text{。}取所有模 77112233 的数,再加上一个 77 的倍数,便能达到 2323 个。

因此正确答案是 E

The residue classes 1,2,,6,01,2,\ldots,6,0 contain 8,7,7,7,7,7,78,7,7,7,7,7,7 numbers, respectively. We may take numbers from at most one class in each complementary pair (1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(1,6),(2,5),(3,4), and at most one multiple of 7.7. Thus Smax(8,7)+max(7,7)+max(7,7)+1=23. \begin{aligned} |S|&\le\max(8,7)+\max(7,7)\\ &\qquad+\max(7,7)+1=23. \end{aligned} Taking every number whose residue modulo 77 is 1,1, 2,2, or 3,3, together with one multiple of 7,7, attains 23.23.

Thus the correct answer is E.

24.

ABCDABCD 是面积为 1010 的平行四边形,其中 AB=3AB=3BC=5BC=5。点 EEFFGG 分别位于线段 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC}AD\overline{AD} 上,并且 AE=BF=AG=2AE=BF=AG=2。过 GG 作平行于 EF\overline{EF} 的直线,与 CD\overline{CD} 交于 HH。四边形 EFHGEFHG 的面积为

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram of area 1010 with AB=3AB=3 and BC=5.BC=5. Locate E,E, F,F, and GG on segments AB,\overline{AB}, BC,\overline{BC}, and AD,\overline{AD}, respectively, with AE=BF=AG=2.AE=BF=AG=2. Let the line through GG parallel to EF\overline{EF} intersect CD\overline{CD} at H.H. The area of the quadrilateral EFHGEFHG is

44

4.54.5

55

5.55.5

66

答案:C
难度评级:2040
小提示:

ABABADAD 为仿射坐标基

Use ABAB and ADAD as an affine coordinate basis

大提示:

在该坐标基下,E=(23,0)E=(\frac{2}{3},0)F=(1,25)F=(1,\frac{2}{5}),且 G=(0,25)G=(0,\frac{2}{5});利用平行条件确定 HH

In that basis, E=(23,0),E=(\frac{2}{3},0), F=(1,25),F=(1,\frac{2}{5}), and G=(0,25)G=(0,\frac{2}{5}); use the parallel condition to locate HH

解答:

ABABADAD 为基向量,则 E=(23,0),F=(1,25),G=(0,25) \begin{aligned} E&=\left(\frac23,0\right),\\ F&=\left(1,\frac25\right),\\ G&=\left(0,\frac25\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}GG 且平行于 EFEF 的直线与 CDCD 交于 H=(12,1)H=(\frac{1}{2},1)。用鞋带公式可得 EFHGEFHG 在该坐标系中的面积为 12\frac{1}{2}。仿射坐标中的面积应乘以 ABCDABCD 的面积 1010,所以 [EFHG]=1210=5[EFHG]=\frac12\cdot10=5

因此正确答案是 C

Use ABAB and ADAD as basis vectors. Then E=(23,0),F=(1,25),G=(0,25). \begin{aligned} E&=\left(\frac23,0\right),\\ F&=\left(1,\frac25\right),\\ G&=\left(0,\frac25\right). \end{aligned} A line from GG parallel to EFEF meets CDCD at H=(12,1).H=(\frac{1}{2},1). The shoelace formula gives the coordinate area of EFHGEFHG as 12.\frac{1}{2}. Affine coordinates scale all areas by the area 1010 of ABCD,ABCD, so [EFHG]=1210=5.[EFHG]=\frac12\cdot10=5.

Thus the correct answer is C.

25.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,ABC=120\angle ABC=120^\circAB=3AB=3,且 BC=4BC=4。过 AAAB\overline{AB} 的垂线,过 CCBC\overline{BC} 的垂线,两条垂线交于 DD,则 CD=CD=

In triangle ABC,ABC, ABC=120,\angle ABC=120^\circ, AB=3,AB=3, and BC=4.BC=4. If perpendiculars constructed to AB\overline{AB} at AA and to BC\overline{BC} at CC meet at D,D, then CD=CD=

33

83\frac8{\sqrt3}

55

112\frac{11}{2}

103\frac{10}{\sqrt3}

答案:E
难度评级:2110
小提示:

B=(0,0)B=(0,0)A=(3,0)A=(3,0)

Place B=(0,0)B=(0,0) and A=(3,0)A=(3,0)

大提示:

利用 120120^\circ 角确定 CC 的位置,再参数化过 CC 且垂直于 BCBC 的直线

Use the 120120^\circ angle to locate C,C, then parametrize the line through CC perpendicular to BCBC

解答:

B=(0,0)B=(0,0)A=(3,0)A=(3,0),则 C=4(cos120,sin120)=(2,23) \begin{aligned} C&=4(\cos120^\circ,\sin120^\circ)\\ &=(-2,2\sqrt3) \end{aligned}\text{。}AA 且垂直于 ABAB 的直线为 x=3x=3。与 BC=(2,23)BC=(-2,2\sqrt3) 垂直的一个向量是 (3,1)(\sqrt3,1),所以另一条垂线为 C+t(3,1)C+t(\sqrt3,1)。当 t=53t=\frac{5}{\sqrt3} 时,其 xx 坐标为 33。由于 (3,1)=2|(\sqrt3,1)|=2,可得 CD=2t=103 CD=2t=\frac{10}{\sqrt3}\text{。}

因此正确答案是 E

Set B=(0,0)B=(0,0) and A=(3,0).A=(3,0). Then C=4(cos120,sin120)=(2,23). \begin{aligned} C&=4(\cos120^\circ,\sin120^\circ)\\ &=(-2,2\sqrt3). \end{aligned} The perpendicular to ABAB at AA is x=3.x=3. A vector perpendicular to BC=(2,23)BC=(-2,2\sqrt3) is (3,1),(\sqrt3,1), so the other perpendicular is C+t(3,1).C+t(\sqrt3,1). Its xx-coordinate is 33 when t=53.t=\frac{5}{\sqrt3}. Since (3,1)=2,|(\sqrt3,1)|=2, CD=2t=103. CD=2t=\frac{10}{\sqrt3}.

Thus the correct answer is E.

26.

半圆弧 AB\overset{\frown}{AB} 的圆心为 CC,半径为 11。点 DDAB\overset{\frown}{AB} 上,且 CDABCD\perp AB。分别延长 BD\overline{BD}AD\overline{AD}EEFF,使圆弧 AE\overset{\frown}{AE}BF\overset{\frown}{BF} 的圆心分别为 BBAA。圆弧 EF\overset{\frown}{EF} 的圆心为 DD。阴影“笑脸”区域 AEFBDAAEFBDA 的面积为

Semicircle AB\overset{\frown}{AB} has center CC and radius 1.1. Point DD is on AB\overset{\frown}{AB} and CDAB.CD\perp AB. Extend BD\overline{BD} and AD\overline{AD} to EE and F,F, respectively, so that circular arcs AE\overset{\frown}{AE} and BF\overset{\frown}{BF} have BB and AA as their respective centers. Circular arc EF\overset{\frown}{EF} has center D.D. The area of the shaded “smile,” AEFBDA,AEFBDA, is

(22)π(2-\sqrt2)\pi

2ππ212\pi-\pi\sqrt2-1

(122)π\left(1-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\right)\pi

5π2π21\frac{5\pi}{2}-\pi\sqrt2-1

(322)π(3-2\sqrt2)\pi

答案:B
难度评级:2260
小提示:

利用 AC=BC=CD=1AC=BC=CD=1 找出两个等腰直角三角形,并确定相关半径

Use AC=BC=CD=1AC=BC=CD=1 to identify two isosceles right triangles and determine the relevant radii

大提示:

将笑脸区域表示为一个 9090^\circ 扇形加两个 4545^\circ 扇形,再减去三角形 ABDABD 和半圆 ADBADB

Express the smile as one 9090^\circ sector plus two 4545^\circ sectors, then subtract triangle ABDABD and semicircle ADBADB

解答:

三角形 ACDACDBCDBCD 都是等腰直角三角形,所以 AD=BD=2AD=BD=\sqrt2ADB=90\angle ADB=90^\circ,且 DE=DF=22DE=DF=2-\sqrt2。笑脸区域等于 9090^\circ 扇形 EDFEDF 加上全等的两个 4545^\circ 扇形 ABEABEBAFBAF,再减去三角形 ABDABD 与原半圆。其面积为 14π(22)2+2(18π22)12(2)(1)12π=2ππ21 \begin{aligned} &\frac14\pi(2-\sqrt2)^2 +2\left(\frac18\pi\cdot2^2\right)\\ &\qquad-\frac12(2)(1)-\frac12\pi\\ &=2\pi-\pi\sqrt2-1 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此正确答案是 B

Triangles ACDACD and BCDBCD are isosceles right triangles, so AD=BD=2,AD=BD=\sqrt2, ADB=90,\angle ADB=90^\circ, and DE=DF=22.DE=DF=2-\sqrt2. The smile is the 9090^\circ sector EDF,EDF, plus the congruent 4545^\circ sectors ABEABE and BAF,BAF, minus triangle ABDABD and the original semicircle. Its area is 14π(22)2+2(18π22)12(2)(1)12π=2ππ21. \begin{aligned} &\frac14\pi(2-\sqrt2)^2 +2\left(\frac18\pi\cdot2^2\right)\\ &\qquad-\frac12(2)(1)-\frac12\pi\\ &=2\pi-\pi\sqrt2-1. \end{aligned}

Thus the correct answer is B.

27.

一个半径为 rr 的圆有长为 1010 的弦 AB\overline{AB} 和长为 77 的弦 CD\overline{CD}。分别沿经过 BBCC 的方向延长 AB\overline{AB}CD\overline{CD},它们在圆外的点 PP 相交。若 APD=60\angle APD=60^\circBP=8BP=8,则 r2=r^2=

A circle of radius rr has chords AB\overline{AB} of length 1010 and CD\overline{CD} of length 7.7. When AB\overline{AB} and CD\overline{CD} are extended through BB and C,C, respectively, they intersect at P,P, which is outside the circle. If APD=60\angle APD=60^\circ and BP=8,BP=8, then r2=r^2=

7070

7171

7272

7373

7474

答案:D
难度评级:2330
小提示:

使用割线定理求 PCPCPDPD

Apply the secant-secant theorem to find PCPC and PDPD

大提示:

得到 PA=18PA=18PC=9PC=9APC=60\angle APC=60^\circ 后,找出一个 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形

Once PA=18,PA=18, PC=9,PC=9, and APC=60,\angle APC=60^\circ, identify a 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle

解答:

由点 PP 的幂可得 PAPB=PCPD PA\cdot PB=PC\cdot PD\text{。}这里 PA=18PA=18PB=8PB=8,且 PD=PC+7PD=PC+7,所以 PC(PC+7)=144PC(PC+7)=144。因此 PC=9PC=9PD=16PD=16。由于 PA=2PCPA=2PCAPC=60\angle APC=60^\circ,三角形 APCAPCCC 处为直角,并且 AC=93AC=9\sqrt3。所以 ADAD 是直径,且 (2r)2=AD2=AC2+CD2=243+49=292 \begin{aligned} (2r)^2&=AD^2=AC^2+CD^2\\ &=243+49=292 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 r2=73r^2=73

因此正确答案是 D

Power of PP gives PAPB=PCPD. PA\cdot PB=PC\cdot PD. Here PA=18,PA=18, PB=8,PB=8, and PD=PC+7,PD=PC+7, so PC(PC+7)=144.PC(PC+7)=144. Thus PC=9PC=9 and PD=16.PD=16. Since PA=2PCPA=2PC and APC=60,\angle APC=60^\circ, triangle APCAPC is right at C,C, with AC=93.AC=9\sqrt3. Therefore ADAD is a diameter, and (2r)2=AD2=AC2+CD2=243+49=292. \begin{aligned} (2r)^2&=AD^2=AC^2+CD^2\\ &=243+49=292. \end{aligned} Hence r2=73.r^2=73.

Thus the correct answer is D.

28.

i=1i=\sqrt{-1}。方程 z2z=55iz^2-z=5-5i 的两个根的实部之积为

Let i=1.i=\sqrt{-1}. The product of the real parts of the roots of z2z=55iz^2-z=5-5i is

25-25

6-6

5-5

14\frac14

2525

答案:B
难度评级:2310
小提示:

使用求根公式,并令 2120i=a+bi\sqrt{21-20i}=a+bi

Apply the quadratic formula and write 2120i=a+bi\sqrt{21-20i}=a+bi

大提示:

a2b2=21a^2-b^2=212ab=202ab=-20,从而确定两个根的实部

Solve a2b2=21a^2-b^2=21 and 2ab=202ab=-20 to determine the real parts of the two roots

解答:

由求根公式得 z=1±2120i2 z=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{21-20i}}2\text{。}因为 (52i)2=2120i(5-2i)^2=21-20i,所以两个根为 1+(52i)2=3i,1(52i)2=2+i \begin{aligned} \frac{1+(5-2i)}2&=3-i,\\ \frac{1-(5-2i)}2&=-2+i \end{aligned}\text{。}它们的实部之积为 3(2)=63(-2)=-6

因此正确答案是 B

The quadratic formula gives z=1±2120i2. z=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{21-20i}}2. Since (52i)2=2120i,(5-2i)^2=21-20i, the roots are 1+(52i)2=3i,1(52i)2=2+i. \begin{aligned} \frac{1+(5-2i)}2&=3-i,\\ \frac{1-(5-2i)}2&=-2+i. \end{aligned} Their real parts have product 3(2)=6.3(-2)=-6.

Thus the correct answer is B.

29.

一枚“不均匀”硬币出现正面的概率为 23\frac23。若将这枚硬币抛掷 5050 次,正面出现总次数为偶数的概率是多少?

An “unfair” coin has a 23\frac23 probability of turning up heads. If this coin is tossed 5050 times, what is the probability that the total number of heads is even?

25(23)502^5\left(\frac23\right)^{50}

12(11350)\frac12\left(1-\frac1{3^{50}}\right)

12\frac12

12(1+1350)\frac12\left(1+\frac1{3^{50}}\right)

23\frac23

答案:D
难度评级:2310
小提示:

追踪正面次数为偶数与为奇数的概率之差

Track the difference between the probabilities of an even and an odd number of heads

大提示:

每抛掷一次,这个差会乘以 P(T)P(H)P(T)-P(H)

One toss multiplies that difference by P(T)P(H)P(T)-P(H)

解答:

EnE_nOnO_n 分别为抛掷 nn 次后正面次数为偶数和奇数的概率。则 En+On=1E_n+O_n=1,并且 En+1On+1=(1323)(EnOn) \begin{aligned} E_{n+1}-O_{n+1} &=\left(\frac13-\frac23\right)\\ &\qquad\cdot(E_n-O_n) \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 E0O0=1E_0-O_0=1,所以 E50O50=(13)50=350E_{50}-O_{50}=(-\frac{1}{3})^{50}=3^{-50}。联立和与差的方程,得到 E50=12(1+1350) E_{50}=\frac12\left(1+\frac1{3^{50}}\right)\text{。}

因此正确答案是 D

Let EnE_n and OnO_n be the probabilities of an even and odd number of heads after nn tosses. Then En+On=1,E_n+O_n=1, while En+1On+1=(1323)(EnOn). \begin{aligned} E_{n+1}-O_{n+1} &=\left(\frac13-\frac23\right)\\ &\qquad\cdot(E_n-O_n). \end{aligned} Since E0O0=1,E_0-O_0=1, we have E50O50=(13)50=350.E_{50}-O_{50}=(-\frac{1}{3})^{50}=3^{-50}. Solving the sum and difference equations gives E50=12(1+1350). E_{50}=\frac12\left(1+\frac1{3^{50}}\right).

Thus the correct answer is D.

30.

ABCDABCD 是一个等腰梯形,两底为 AB=92AB=92CD=19CD=19。假设 AD=BC=xAD=BC=x,且一个圆的圆心在 AB\overline{AB} 上,并与线段 AD\overline{AD}BC\overline{BC} 都相切。若 mmxx 的最小可能值,则 m2=m^2=

Let ABCDABCD be an isosceles trapezoid with bases AB=92AB=92 and CD=19.CD=19. Suppose AD=BC=xAD=BC=x and a circle with center on AB\overline{AB} is tangent to segments AD\overline{AD} and BC.\overline{BC}. If mm is the smallest possible value of x,x, then m2=m^2=

13691369

16791679

17481748

21092109

88258825

答案:B
难度评级:2400
小提示:

利用对称性,使梯形两底的中点位于同一条竖直轴上,并将圆心放在 ABAB 的中点

By symmetry, place the trapezoid with its bases centered on the same vertical axis and put the circle’s center at the midpoint of ABAB

大提示:

写出圆心到一条腰的距离,并要求切点在线段上;最小值出现在切点恰为端点的情形

Write the distance from the center to a leg and require the tangency point to lie on the leg segment; the minimum occurs at an endpoint case

解答:

A=(46,0)A=(-46,0)B=(46,0)B=(46,0)D=(192,h)D=(-\frac{19}{2},h),且 C=(192,h)C=(\frac{19}{2},h)。由对称性,圆心必为 O=(0,0)O=(0,0)。每条腰的水平位移为 732\frac{73}{2},所以 x2=h2+(732)2 x^2=h^2+\left(\frac{73}{2}\right)^2\text{。}OO 向腰作垂线,当垂足到达上端点时,它才首次落在线段上;这个临界条件为 ODADOD\perp AD。因此 (192,h)(732,h)=0,h2=13874 \begin{aligned} (-\frac{19}{2},h)\cdot(\frac{73}{2},h)&=0,\\ h^2&=\frac{1387}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 m2=1387+53294=1679 m^2=\frac{1387+5329}{4}=1679\text{。}

因此正确答案是 B

Place A=(46,0),A=(-46,0), B=(46,0),B=(46,0), D=(192,h),D=(-\frac{19}{2},h), and C=(192,h).C=(\frac{19}{2},h). Symmetry forces the circle’s center to be O=(0,0).O=(0,0). The horizontal offset along each leg is 732,\frac{73}{2}, so x2=h2+(732)2. x^2=h^2+\left(\frac{73}{2}\right)^2. The perpendicular from OO to a leg first has its foot on the segment when the foot reaches the upper endpoint; this boundary condition is ODAD.OD\perp AD. Thus (192,h)(732,h)=0,h2=13874. \begin{aligned} (-\frac{19}{2},h)\cdot(\frac{73}{2},h)&=0,\\ h^2&=\frac{1387}{4}. \end{aligned} Therefore m2=1387+53294=1679. m^2=\frac{1387+5329}{4}=1679.

Thus the correct answer is B.