1951 AMC 12 真题
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1.
比 大的百分率为:
The percent that is greater than is:
小提示:
百分率的增加量要以原数量为基准
Percent increase is measured relative to the original quantity
大提示:
这里 是原数量,增加量为
Here is the original quantity, and the increase is
解答:
从 增加到 的增加量为 。除以原数量并乘以 ,得到
因此,正确答案是 B。
The increase from to is Dividing by the original quantity and multiplying by gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
2.
一块长方形田地的宽是长的一半,四周共用 码栅栏围住。用 表示其面积为:
A rectangular field is half as wide as it is long and is completely enclosed by yards of fencing. The area in terms of is:
3.
若正方形的对角线长为 ,则正方形的面积为:
If the length of a diagonal of a square is then the area of the square is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
4.
一座平顶长方体谷仓宽 码、长 码、高 码。谷仓内外墙面和天花板都要粉刷,但屋顶和地面不刷。需要粉刷的总面积为多少平方码?
A barn with a flat roof is rectangular in shape, yd. wide, yd. long, and yd. high. It is to be painted inside and outside, and on the ceiling, but not on the roof or floor. The total number of square yards to be painted is:
小提示:
四面墙的内外两侧都要计算
Count both the inside and outside faces of each of the four walls
大提示:
天花板是一块 码乘 码的长方形
The ceiling contributes one -by- rectangle
解答:
四面墙单侧的面积为 内外两侧共需粉刷 。天花板再增加 ,所以总面积为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The four walls have one-sided area Painting them inside and outside contributes The ceiling adds so the total is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
5.
先生拥有一栋价值 的房子。他以高于房屋价值 的价格卖给 先生。随后, 先生以亏损 的价格将房子卖回给 先生。则:
Mr. owns a home worth He sells it to Mr. at a profit based on the worth of the house. Mr. sells the house back to Mr. at a loss. Then:
收支相抵
comes out even
在交易中赚了
makes on the deal
在交易中赚了
makes on the deal
在交易中亏了
loses on the deal
在交易中亏了
loses on the deal
小提示:
分别计算两次交易的售价
Compute the two sale prices separately
大提示:
第一次售价为 ,卖回时的售价比该数额低
The first sale is for , and the return sale is below that amount
解答:
第一次售价为 。卖回时的售价为 。 先生收到 ,再付出 ,所以获利 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The first sale price is The return sale is Mr. receives and pays back so he gains
Thus, the correct answer is B.
6.
已知一个长方体盒子的底面、侧面和正面面积。这三个面积的乘积等于:
The bottom, side, and front areas of a rectangular box are known. The product of these areas is equal to:
盒子的体积
The volume of the box
体积的平方根
The square root of the volume
体积的两倍
Twice the volume
体积的平方
The square of the volume
体积的立方
The cube of the volume
7.
测量一条长 的线段时误差为 ,而测量一条长 的线段时误差仅为 。与第一次测量的相对误差相比,第二次测量的相对误差:
An error of is made in the measurement of a line long, while an error of only is made in a measurement of a line long. In comparison with the relative error of the first measurement, the relative error of the second measurement is:
大
Greater by
相同
The same
较小
Less
是其 倍
times as great
和 的描述都正确
Correctly described by both and
8.
一件商品的价格降低了 。要恢复原价,降价后的价格必须增加:
The price of an article is cut To restore it to its former value, the new price must be increased by:
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
答案:C
小提示:
降价后,价格是原价的
After the cut, the price is of the original
大提示:
若所需的增幅为 ,求解
If the required increase is , solve
解答:
设原价为 。降价后的价格为 。所需的增幅为 即 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the original price be The reduced price is The required fractional increase is which is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
9.
先画一个边长为 的等边三角形,再连接其三边中点,得到一个新的等边三角形;随后连接第二个三角形的三边中点,得到第三个等边三角形;如此无限继续。所有这些三角形周长之和的极限为:
An equilateral triangle is drawn with a side of length A new equilateral triangle is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the first one. Then a third equilateral triangle is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the second; and so on forever. The limit of the sum of the perimeters of all the triangles thus drawn is:
无穷大
Infinite
小提示:
每个中点三角形的边长都是前一个三角形的一半
Each midpoint triangle has half the side length of the preceding triangle
大提示:
各周长组成
The perimeters form
解答:
第一个三角形的周长为 ,以后每个周长都是前一个的一半。因此,总和为
因此,正确答案是 D。
The first perimeter is and every later perimeter is half the preceding one. Hence the total is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
10.
下列说法中,不正确的是:
Of the following statements, the one that is incorrect is:
将一个给定长方形的底边加倍,面积也加倍。
Doubling the base of a given rectangle doubles the area.
将三角形的高加倍,面积也加倍。
Doubling the altitude of a triangle doubles the area.
将一个给定圆的半径加倍,面积也加倍。
Doubling the radius of a given circle doubles the area.
将一个分式的除数加倍,并将其分子除以 ,会改变商。
Doubling the divisor of a fraction and dividing its numerator by changes the quotient.
将一个给定的量加倍,可能使结果小于原来的量。
Doubling a given quantity may make it less than it originally was.
答案:C
小提示:
检查各个面积公式在某个长度加倍时如何变化
Check how each area formula changes when one length is doubled
大提示:
圆的面积取决于半径的平方
A circle’s area depends on the square of its radius
解答:
圆的面积为 。将 替换为 ,得到 ,所以半径加倍会使面积变为四倍,而不是两倍。其余说法按原文均可成立。
因此,正确答案是 C。
A circle has area Replacing by gives so doubling the radius quadruples, rather than doubles, the area. The other statements can hold as written.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
11.
一个无穷等比数列的和为 ,其中 表示首项, 表示公比。该数列各项平方之和为:
The limit of the sum of an infinite number of terms in a geometric progression is where denotes the first term and denotes the common ratio. The limit of the sum of their squares is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
答案:C
小提示:
将每一项平方后,公比也随之平方
Squaring every term also squares the common ratio
大提示:
平方后的数列之和以 开始
The squared series begins
解答:
各项平方后仍组成等比数列,首项为 ,公比为 。因为 ,所以其和为
因此,正确答案是 C。
The squared terms form a geometric series with first term and ratio Since its sum is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
12.
在 时,钟表的时针与分针所成的角为:
At o’clock, the hour and minute hands of a clock form an angle of:
13.
可在 天内完成一项工作。 的效率比 高 。 完成同一项工作所需的天数为:
can do a piece of work in days. is more efficient than The number of days it takes to do the same piece of work is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
14.
关于几何证明,请指出下列哪一项说法不正确:
In connection with proof in geometry, indicate which one of the following statements is incorrect:
有些陈述无需证明即可接受。
Some statements are accepted without being proved.
在某些情况下,证明某些命题时存在不止一种正确的步骤顺序。
In some instances there is more than one correct order in proving certain propositions.
证明中使用的每一个术语都必须事先定义。
Every term used in a proof must have been defined previously.
如果已知条件中含有一个不真实的命题,就不可能通过正确推理得出真实的结论。
It is not possible to arrive by correct reasoning at a true conclusion if, in the given, there is an untrue proposition.
只要存在两个或更多互相矛盾的命题,就可以使用间接证明。
Indirect proof can be used whenever there are two or more contrary propositions.
答案:C
小提示:
区分未经定义的原始术语与未经证明的公理
Distinguish undefined primitive terms from unproved axioms
大提示:
公理系统若要定义每一个术语,就会陷入无限倒推
An axiomatic system cannot define every term without an infinite regress
解答:
公理化体系以有意不加定义的原始术语以及无需证明即可接受的陈述为起点。因此,“证明中的每一个术语都必须事先定义”这一说法不正确。
因此,题目预期的正确答案是 C。
An axiomatic development begins with primitive terms that are deliberately left undefined, as well as statements accepted without proof. Therefore it is not true that every term in a proof must previously have been defined.
Thus, the intended correct answer is C.
15.
对于 的一切整数值,表达式 恒能被下列哪个最大的数整除?
The largest number by which the expression is divisible for all possible integral values of is:
小提示:
将 因式分解
Factor
大提示:
三个因数 是连续整数
The factors are three consecutive integers
解答:
有 这是三个连续整数的乘积。其中一个能被 整除,且至少一个是偶数,所以该乘积恒能被 整除。取 时,表达式的值恰为 ,所以不存在更大的整数能恒整除该表达式。
因此,正确答案是 E。
We have a product of three consecutive integers. One is divisible by and at least one is even, so the product is always divisible by Taking gives exactly so no larger integer always divides it.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
16.
对二次方程 使用求根公式时,若恰有 ,则 的图像一定:
If in applying the quadratic formula to a quadratic equation it happens that then the graph of will certainly:
有最大值
Have a maximum
有最小值
Have a minimum
与 轴相切
Be tangent to the -axis
与 轴相切
Be tangent to the -axis
只位于一个象限内
Lie in one quadrant only
小提示:
将所给条件代入判别式
Substitute the condition into the discriminant
大提示:
有一个二重实根的二次函数图像只在一点接触横轴
A quadratic with one repeated real root touches the horizontal axis once
解答:
由所给条件可得 因此,该二次方程有一个二重实根,其抛物线与 轴相切。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The condition gives Hence the quadratic has a repeated real root, so its parabola is tangent to the -axis.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
请指出下列哪个方程中, 与 既不成正比,也不成反比:
Indicate in which one of the following equations is neither directly nor inversely proportional to :
小提示:
正比例关系形如 ,反比例关系形如
Direct proportion has the form , while inverse proportion has the form
大提示:
分别将每个方程解出
Rewrite each equation by solving for
解答:
选项 A、C 和 E 均可整理为 ,选项 B 可整理为 。但选项 D 给出 ,不属于这两种形式。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Choices A, C, and E rearrange to and choice B rearranges to But choice D gives which is neither form.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
要将表达式 分解为两个系数为整数的线性不可约二项式之积。当 是下列哪一项时,可以完成这种分解?
The expression is to be factored into two linear prime binomial factors with integer coefficients. This can be done if is:
任意奇数
Any odd number
某些奇数
Some odd number
任意偶数
Any even number
某些偶数
Some even number
零
Zero
小提示:
将两个因式写成
Write the factors as
大提示:
因为 ,所以这四个整数因数都是奇数
Because all four integer factors are odd
解答:
设 则 ,所以 均为奇数。因此, 为偶数。某些偶数确实可行;例如,但并非每个偶数都可行。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Suppose Then so are odd. Therefore is even. Some even values work; for example, Not every even value works.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
19.
将一个三位数重复书写一次,组成一个六位数,例如 、 等。任何这种形式的数都一定能被下列哪个数整除?
A six-place number is formed by repeating a three-place number; for example, or etc. Any number of this form is always exactly divisible by:
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
20.
将表达式 化简,并用负指数表示,结果等于:
When simplified and expressed with negative exponents, the expression is equal to:
21.
已知 、、,且 。下列不等式中,不一定正确的是:
Given and The inequality which is not always correct is:
小提示:
两边加上同一个数会保持不等号方向,但乘法不一定如此
Adding the same number preserves order, but multiplying does not always do so
大提示:
在 时检验各个说法
Test the statements when
解答:
因为 可能为负数,所以将 两边乘以 会使不等号反向,得到 。其他选项中的运算都保持不等式成立,因为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Because may be negative, multiplying by reverses the inequality and gives The operations in the other choices preserve the inequality because
Thus, the correct answer is C.
22.
方程 中 的值为:
The values of in the equation are:
、
以上答案均不正确
None of these
23.
一个圆柱形盒子的半径为 英寸,高为 英寸。分别给半径或高增加相同的长度,若要使两种情况下体积的非零增量相等,则应增加多少英寸?
The radius of a cylindrical box is inches and the height is inches. The number of inches that may be added to either the radius or the height to give the same nonzero increase in volume is:
任意数
Any number
不存在
Non-existent
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
比较半径增加 后的体积与高增加 后的体积
Compare the volume after adding to the radius with the volume after adding to the height
大提示:
令 ,并舍去
Set and discard
解答:
要使两种新体积相等,必须有 约去 并展开,得到 ,所以 或 。题目要求增量非零。
因此,正确答案是 B。
For the two new volumes to be equal, Cancelling and expanding gives so or The problem requires a nonzero increase.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
24.
25.
一个正方形的面积数值等于其周长数值;一个等边三角形的面积数值也等于其周长数值。比较它们的边心距,前者的边心距:
The apothem of a square having its area numerically equal to its perimeter is compared with the apothem of an equilateral triangle having its area numerically equal to its perimeter. The first apothem will be:
等于后者
Equal to the second
是后者的 倍
times the second
是后者的 倍
times the second
是后者的 倍
times the second
与后者的关系无法确定
Indeterminately related to the second
小提示:
正多边形的面积等于边心距与周长乘积的一半
For a regular polygon, area equals one half the apothem times the perimeter
大提示:
若非零周长与面积数值相等,可在 中约去周长
If a nonzero perimeter equals the area, cancel the perimeter from
解答:
边心距为 、周长为 的任意正多边形,其面积为 。若面积数值等于非零的周长数值,则 所以 。正方形与等边三角形都满足这一结论,因此二者的边心距相等。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Every regular polygon with apothem and perimeter has area If its numerical area equals its nonzero perimeter, then so This applies to both the square and the equilateral triangle, so their apothems are equal.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
26.
在方程 中,当下列哪一条件成立时,两根相等?
In the equation the roots are equal when:
小提示:
消去分母,并将所得方程整理成关于 的二次方程
Clear denominators and collect the resulting quadratic in
大提示:
方程化为 ;两根相等要求判别式为零
The equation reduces to ; equal roots require zero discriminant
解答:
消去分母并化简,得到 两根相等要求 因此 。该值不会使原方程的分母为零。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Clearing denominators and simplifying yields Equal roots require hence This value does not violate the original denominators.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
27.
过三角形内一点,从三个顶点分别向对边画直线,将原三角形分成六个三角形区域。则:
Through a point inside a triangle, three lines are drawn from the vertices to the opposite sides, forming six triangular sections. Then:
每一对相对的三角形都相似
The triangles are similar in opposite pairs
每一对相对的三角形都全等
The triangles are congruent in opposite pairs
每一对相对的三角形面积都相等
The triangles are equal in area in opposite pairs
形成三个相似的四边形
Three similar quadrilaterals are formed
以上关系均不成立
None of the above relations is true
小提示:
内点及三条顶点与对边相交的直线都是任意的
The interior point and the three cevians are arbitrary
大提示:
将该点移到非常靠近某一边的位置,检验所声称的相对区域面积关系
Move the point very close to one side to test the claimed opposite-area relation
解答:
题目没有给出任何角度或长度条件,足以保证相对区域相似或全等。它们的面积也不必相等:将内点放在非常靠近某一边的位置,可使邻接该边的区域任意小,却不会迫使其相对区域也变小。六个区域中也没有四边形。
因此,正确答案是 E。
No angle or length condition forces opposite sections to be similar or congruent. Their areas also need not match: placing the interior point very close to one side makes the sections adjoining that side arbitrarily small without forcing their opposite sections to be small. No quadrilaterals are among the six sections.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
28.
风对帆的压力 与帆的面积 及风速 的平方成联合正比。当风速为每小时 英里时,每平方英尺帆面所受压力为 磅。当一平方码帆面所受压力为 磅时,风速为:
The pressure of wind on a sail varies jointly as the area of the sail and the square of the velocity of the wind. The pressure on a square foot is pound when the velocity is miles per hour. The velocity of the wind when the pressure on a square yard is pounds is:
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
小提示:
使用 ,并记住一平方码等于九平方英尺
Use and remember that one square yard is nine square feet
大提示:
第一个条件给出
The first condition gives
解答:
写成 。由 得 。一平方码等于 平方英尺,所以 因此 ,正的风速为 英里/小时。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Write From we get A square yard has area square feet, so Thus and the positive speed is mph.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
29.
下列各组数据中,唯一不能确定三角形形状的是:
Of the following sets of data, the only one that does not determine the shape of a triangle is:
两边之比及其夹角
The ratio of two sides and the included angle
三条高之比
The ratios of the three altitudes
三条中线之比
The ratios of the three medians
一条高与其对应底边之比
The ratio of the altitude to the corresponding base
两个角
Two angles
小提示:
确定形状,是指在相似意义下确定三角形
Determining shape means determining the triangle up to similarity
大提示:
单独一个高与底边之比只固定一种面积比例,但不同形状的三角形可以具有相同的这一比值
A single altitude-to-base ratio fixes an area ratio but can occur in differently shaped triangles
解答:
选项 A 和 E 可在相似意义下确定各角。三条高之比确定相应边长的倒数之比,三条中线之比也能确定边长之比。但仅有一个比值 ,无法确定其余边长或角;许多不相似的三角形都可以具有这一比值。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Choices A and E determine the angles up to similarity. Ratios of all three altitudes determine reciprocal side ratios, and ratios of all three medians determine side ratios. But a single ratio does not determine the remaining side lengths or angles; many non-similar triangles can share it.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
30.
两根高分别为 和 的杆相距 。分别连接每根杆的顶端与另一根杆的底端,则两条连线交点的高度为:
If two poles and high are apart, then the height of the intersection of the lines joining the top of each pole to the foot of the opposite pole is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
将两根杆的底端分别置于 和
Place the pole bases at and
大提示:
两条交叉连线可写成 和
The cross-lines can be written and
解答:
将两根杆的底端置于 和 ,顶端分别为 和 。两条交叉连线为 和 。令二者相等,得到 ,进而得到 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Put the bases at and with tops and The cross-lines are and Equating them gives and hence
Thus, the correct answer is C.
31.
一次聚会结束时,人们共握手 次。假设每位参加者对其他所有人都同样礼貌,则在场人数为:
A total of handshakes was exchanged at the conclusion of a party. Assuming that each participant was equally polite toward all the others, the number of people present was:
32.
若 内接于以 为直径的半圆,则 必须:
If is inscribed in a semicircle whose diameter is then must be:
等于
Equal to
等于
Equal to
小提示:
直径所对的圆周角是直角
The angle subtending the diameter is a right angle
大提示:
对两条直角边 ,比较 与
For legs , compare with
解答:
由泰勒斯定理, 和 是以 为斜边的直角三角形的两条直角边。因此 两边取正平方根,得到 ;当三角形为等腰直角三角形时取等号。
因此,正确答案是 D。
By Thales’ theorem, and are the legs of a right triangle with hypotenuse Therefore Taking positive square roots gives with equality for an isosceles right triangle.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
33.
下列每一对方程的图像交点横坐标都可以给出方程 的根,唯独哪一对不能?
The roots of the equation can be obtained graphically by finding the abscissas of the points of intersection of each of the following pairs of equations except the pair:
,
,
,
,
,
小提示:
分别令每一对方程的右边相等
Set the two right-hand sides in each pair equal
大提示:
四对方程可化为 ;另一对则化为不可能成立的常数等式
Four pairs reduce to ; one pair reduces to an impossible constant equation
解答:
选项 A、B、D 和 E 的交点条件均可化为 。选项 C 却要求 该方程无解,因此不能给出所求的根。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Choices A, B, D, and E all reduce their intersection condition to Choice C instead requires which has no solution and therefore cannot produce the desired roots.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
34.
35.
若 ,且 ,则:
If and then:
小提示:
对两组连等式分别取对数
Take logarithms of both chains of equal powers
大提示:
由 与 消去对数因子
From and , eliminate the logarithms
解答:
取对数,得到 按照本题历史上对非退化底数的约定,将两式相乘并约去非零的对数因子,得到 。
因此,题目预期的正确答案是 A。
Taking logarithms gives Multiplying these equations and cancelling the nonzero logarithmic factors under the historical nondegenerate-base convention yields
Thus, the intended correct answer is A.
36.
下列用于证明一个几何图形是轨迹的方法中,哪一种不正确?
Which of the following methods of proving a geometric figure a locus is not correct?
轨迹上的每一点都满足条件,轨迹外的每一点都不满足条件。
Every point on the locus satisfies the conditions and every point not on the locus does not satisfy the conditions.
每个不满足条件的点都不在轨迹上,且轨迹上的每一点都满足条件。
Every point not satisfying the conditions is not on the locus and every point on the locus does satisfy the conditions.
每个满足条件的点都在轨迹上,且轨迹上的每一点都满足条件。
Every point satisfying the conditions is on the locus and every point on the locus satisfies the conditions.
轨迹外的每一点都不满足条件,且每个不满足条件的点都不在轨迹上。
Every point not on the locus does not satisfy the conditions and every point not satisfying the conditions is not on the locus.
每个满足条件的点都在轨迹上,且每个不满足条件的点都不在轨迹上。
Every point satisfying the conditions is on the locus and every point not satisfying the conditions is not on the locus.
答案:B
小提示:
轨迹证明必须同时证明“在轨迹上”与“满足条件”之间的两个方向
A locus proof needs both implications between “on the locus” and “satisfies the conditions”
大提示:
利用逆否命题判断每个选项是否证明了两个方向
Use contrapositives to see whether each choice establishes both directions
解答:
令 表示“在轨迹上”, 表示“满足条件”。完整的证明需要同时证明 和 。选项 B 先陈述 ,这只是 的逆否命题,随后又重复 。它始终没有证明 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let mean “on the locus” and mean “satisfies the conditions.” A complete proof needs both and Choice B states which is merely the contrapositive of and then repeats It never proves
Thus, the correct answer is B.
37.
有一个数,除以 余 ,除以 余 ,除以 余 ,依此类推,直到除以 余 。这个数是:
A number which when divided by leaves a remainder of when divided by leaves a remainder of by leaves a remainder of etc., down to where, when divided by it leaves a remainder of is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
小提示:
给所求数加 ,即可消去每个条件中的余数
Adding to the desired number removes every listed remainder
大提示:
求
Find
解答:
若这个数为 ,则 能被从 到 的每个整数整除。这些整数的最小公倍数为 因此,满足所有条件的最小正数为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If the number is then is divisible by every integer from through Their least common multiple is Thus the least positive number fitting all the conditions is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
38.
一条铁路要越过一座山,需要上升 英尺。延长轨道并使其绕过山峰,可以降低坡度。要将坡度从 降至 ,大约需要增加多长的轨道?
A rise of feet is required to get a railroad line over a mountain. The grade can be kept down by lengthening the track and curving it around the mountain peak. The additional length of track required to reduce the grade from to is approximately:
英尺
ft.
英尺
ft.
英尺
ft.
英尺
ft.
以上答案均不正确
None of these
39.
将一块石头投入井中,在投下后 秒听到石头撞击井底的声音。假设石头在 秒内下落 英尺,声速为每秒 英尺。井深为:
A stone is dropped into a well and the report of the stone striking the bottom is heard seconds after it is dropped. Assume that the stone falls feet in seconds and that the velocity of sound is feet per second. The depth of the well is:
英尺
ft.
英尺
ft.
英尺
ft.
英尺
ft.
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
总时间等于石头下落时间加上声音传回井口的时间
The total time is the falling time plus the sound’s return time
大提示:
若下落时间为 ,解方程
If the falling time is , solve
解答:
若石头下落 秒,则井深为 ,声音传回井口所需的时间为 秒。因此 即 。正根为 ,故井深为 英尺。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the stone falls for seconds, the depth is and the sound takes seconds to return. Hence or The positive root is giving depth feet.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
40.
表达式 等于:
The expression equals:
小提示:
将 和 因式分解
Factor and
大提示:
使用 以及相应的立方差公式
Use and the analogous difference formula
解答:
因为 所以在原表达式有定义时,括号内的每个分式都等于 。因此,二者平方后的乘积为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Because each fraction inside parentheses equals wherever the original expression is defined. Their squared product is therefore
Thus, the correct answer is C.
41.
表中 与 之间的关系可用下列哪个公式表示?
The formula expressing the relationship between and in the table is:
42.
若 等于 则:
If equals then:
是无穷大
is infinite
,但为有限值
but finite
小提示:
第一层根号下又包含一个与 相同的表达式
The expression under the first radical contains another copy of
大提示:
解方程 ,并保留非负根
Solve and keep the nonnegative root
解答:
由无限重复的尾部可得 ,所以 因为 ,所以 ,该值严格位于 与 之间。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The repeating tail gives so Since which lies strictly between and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
43.
下列说法中,唯一不正确的是:
Of the following statements, the only one that is incorrect is:
不等式两边同时增加、减少、乘以或除以(除数不为零)同一个正数后,不等式仍然成立。
An inequality will remain true after each side is increased, decreased, multiplied, or divided (zero excluded) by the same positive quantity.
两个不相等正数的算术平均数大于其几何平均数。
The arithmetic mean of two unequal positive quantities is greater than their geometric mean.
两个正数的和一定时,二者相等时乘积最大。
If the sum of two positive quantities is given, their product is largest when they are equal.
若 和 是不相等的正数,则 大于 。
If and are positive and unequal, is greater than
两个正数的乘积一定时,二者相等时和最大。
If the product of two positive quantities is given, their sum is greatest when they are equal.
答案:E
小提示:
在正乘积固定时,比较两因数相等时的和与两因数越来越不相等时的和
For a fixed positive product, compare the sum at equality with sums from increasingly unequal factors
大提示:
乘积固定时,算术平均值与几何平均值不等式给出和的最小值,而不是最大值
AM-GM gives a minimum, not a maximum, for the sum when the product is fixed
解答:
若 ,则 ,并在 时取等号。因此,两数相等时得到的是最小的和。令 任意增大,同时令 变小,二者之和可以无限增大,所以两数相等时和并非最大。
因此,正确答案是 E。
If then with equality at Thus equality gives the least possible sum. The sum can grow without bound by taking large and small, so it is not greatest at equality.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
44.
若 、、,其中 、、 均不为零,则 等于:
If and where are other than zero, then equals:
45.
已知 和 ,则下列唯一不能在不查表的情况下求出的对数是:
If you are given and then the only logarithm that cannot be found without the use of tables is:
小提示:
两个已知值可以确定 与
The two given values determine and
大提示:
使用 ,再判断哪个选项含有 以外的质因数
Use , then see which choice has a prime factor other than
解答:
由已知条件,并且 。因此,可以求出由 的幂相乘或相除所得各数的对数。 不含这些质因数中的任何一个,所以仅凭已知条件不能确定其对数。
因此,正确答案是 A。
From the data, and Therefore logarithms of products and quotients of powers of can be computed. The number has none of those prime factors, so its logarithm is not determined by the data.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
46.
是圆心为 的圆的一条固定直径。从圆上任意一点 作弦 ,使其垂直于 。当 在一个半圆上移动时,角 的平分线与圆相交于一点,该点始终:
is a fixed diameter of a circle whose center is From any point on the circle, a chord is drawn perpendicular to Then, as moves over a semicircle, the bisector of angle cuts the circle in a point that always:
平分弧
Bisects the arc
三等分弧
Trisects the arc
位置随之变化
Varies
到 的距离与到 的距离相等
Is as far from as from
到 与 的距离相等
Is equidistant from and
小提示:
延长 过圆心,交圆于另一点
Extend through the center to the opposite point of the circle
大提示:
因为 是直径且 ,所以 点处的角平分线平分弧
Because is a diameter and the angle bisector at bisects arc
解答:
延长 ,使其再次交圆于 。因为 是直径,所以 。又因为 ,所以 。若 的平分线交圆于 ,则相等的圆周角所对弧相等,故 。由于平行弦 的两个端点关于固定直径 对称分布,其弧中点 就是弧 的中点。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Extend to meet the circle again at Since is a diameter, Also so If the bisector of meets the circle at equal inscribed angles give equal arcs Because the parallel chord has endpoints symmetrically placed relative to the fixed diameter their arc midpoint is the midpoint of arc
Thus, the correct answer is A.
47.
48.
内接于半圆的正方形面积与内接于整圆的正方形面积之比为:
The area of a square inscribed in a semicircle is to the area of the square inscribed in the entire circle as:
小提示:
设圆的半径为 ,内接于半圆的正方形边长为
Let the circle have radius and the semicircle-square have side
大提示:
对于内接于半圆的正方形,由一个上顶点可得
For the semicircle-square, a top vertex gives
解答:
对于内接于半圆的正方形,将其底边放在直径上。一个上顶点到圆心的水平距离为 ,竖直距离为 ,所以 得到 。内接于整圆的正方形对角线长为 ,故面积为 。所求比为
因此,正确答案是 C。
For the square in the semicircle, put its base on the diameter. A top vertex has horizontal distance from the center and vertical distance so giving A square inscribed in the full circle has diagonal hence area The ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
49.
从一个直角三角形的两个锐角顶点所作的中线长分别为 和 。斜边长为:
The medians of a right triangle which are drawn from the vertices of the acute angles are and The value of the hypotenuse is:
以上答案均不正确
None of these
小提示:
设两条直角边为 ,并将直角置于二者的公共端点
Let the legs be and place the right angle at their common endpoint
大提示:
由两条中线的长度可得 和
The two median lengths give and
解答:
设两条直角边为 。从其相对的锐角顶点所作中线的长度平方满足 解得 和 。因此,斜边 满足 所以 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the legs be The medians from their opposite acute vertices have squared lengths Solving gives and Thus the hypotenuse satisfies so
Thus, the correct answer is D.
50.
汤姆、迪克和哈里一起开始一段 英里的旅程。汤姆与哈里乘汽车,以每小时 英里的速度前进;迪克则以每小时 英里的速度步行。行驶一段距离后,哈里下车,改以每小时 英里的速度继续步行;汤姆掉头去接迪克,并使迪克与哈里同时到达终点。整个旅程所需的小时数为:
Tom, Dick, and Harry started out on a -mile journey. Tom and Harry went by automobile at the rate of mph, while Dick walked at the rate of mph. After a certain distance, Harry got off and walked on at mph, while Tom went back for Dick and got him to the destination at the same time that Harry arrived. The number of hours required for the trip was:
以上答案均不正确
None of these answers
小提示:
将汽车的行程分为最初向前行驶、返回接迪克以及最后再次向前行驶三段
Separate the car’s motion into the first forward trip, the return for Dick, and the final forward trip
大提示:
若三段时间为 ,分别为汽车、迪克和哈里写出一个路程为 英里的方程
If those times are , write one -mile equation for the car, Dick, and Harry
解答:
令 分别为哈里下车前汽车行驶的时间、汽车返回接迪克的时间以及汽车载着迪克向前行驶的时间。汽车、迪克和哈里各自行进 英里,因此 各式除以 并求解,得到 。因此,他们共同的行程时间为 小时。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let be the car’s times before Harry leaves it, while it returns for Dick, and while it carries Dick forward. The car, Dick, and Harry each cover miles, giving Dividing by and solving yields Therefore the common travel time is hours.
Thus, the correct answer is D.