1951 AMC 12 第 45 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

45.

已知 log8=0.9031\log 8=0.9031log9=0.9542\log 9=0.9542,则下列唯一不能在不查表的情况下求出的对数是:

If you are given log8=0.9031\log 8=0.9031 and log9=0.9542,\log 9=0.9542, then the only logarithm that cannot be found without the use of tables is:

log17\log 17

log(54)\log(\frac{5}{4})

log15\log 15

log600\log 600

log0.4\log 0.4

答案:A
知识点:对数质因数分解
难度评级:1470
小提示:

两个已知值可以确定 log2\log2log3\log3

The two given values determine log2\log2 and log3\log3

大提示:

使用 log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2,再判断哪个选项含有 2,3,52,3,5 以外的质因数

Use log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2, then see which choice has a prime factor other than 2,3,52,3,5

解答:

由已知条件,log2=13log8,log3=12log9 \begin{gathered} \log2=\frac13\log8,\\ \log3=\frac12\log9 \end{gathered}\text{,}并且 log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2。因此,可以求出由 2,3,52,3,5 的幂相乘或相除所得各数的对数。1717 不含这些质因数中的任何一个,所以仅凭已知条件不能确定其对数。

因此,正确答案是 A

From the data, log2=13log8,log3=12log9, \begin{gathered} \log2=\frac13\log8,\\ \log3=\frac12\log9, \end{gathered} and log5=1log2.\log5=1-\log2. Therefore logarithms of products and quotients of powers of 2,3,52,3,5 can be computed. The number 1717 has none of those prime factors, so its logarithm is not determined by the data.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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