1951 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

MMNN 大的百分率为:

The percent that MM is greater than NN is:

100(MN)M\dfrac{100(M-N)}{M}

100(MN)N\dfrac{100(M-N)}{N}

MNN\dfrac{M-N}{N}

MNM\dfrac{M-N}{M}

100(M+N)N\dfrac{100(M+N)}{N}

知识点:百分数代数变形
难度评级:1020
小提示:

百分率的增加量要以原数量为基准

Percent increase is measured relative to the original quantity

大提示:

这里 NN 是原数量,增加量为 MNM-N

Here NN is the original quantity, and the increase is MNM-N

解答:

NN 增加到 MM 的增加量为 MNM-N。除以原数量并乘以 100100,得到 100(MN)N \frac{100(M-N)}{N}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The increase from NN to MM is MN.M-N. Dividing by the original quantity and multiplying by 100100 gives 100(MN)N. \frac{100(M-N)}{N}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

2.

一块长方形田地的宽是长的一半,四周共用 xx 码栅栏围住。用 xx 表示其面积为:

A rectangular field is half as wide as it is long and is completely enclosed by xx yards of fencing. The area in terms of xx is:

x22\dfrac{x^2}{2}

2x22x^2

2x29\dfrac{2x^2}{9}

x218\dfrac{x^2}{18}

x272\dfrac{x^2}{72}

知识点:矩形周长面积
难度评级:1180
小提示:

设宽为 ww,则长为 2w2w

Let the width be ww, so the length is 2w2w

大提示:

求面积前,先使用周长方程 2(w+2w)=x2(w+2w)=x

Use the perimeter equation 2(w+2w)=x2(w+2w)=x before finding the area

解答:

设宽为 ww,则长为 2w2w。由栅栏总长可得 2(w+2w)=6w=x2(w+2w)=6w=x,所以 w=x6w=\frac{x}{6}。因此, A=w(2w)=2(x6)2=x218 A=w(2w)=2\left(\frac{x}{6}\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{18}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the width be ww, so the length is 2w.2w. The fencing gives 2(w+2w)=6w=x,2(w+2w)=6w=x, hence w=x6.w=\frac{x}{6}. Therefore A=w(2w)=2(x6)2=x218. A=w(2w)=2\left(\frac{x}{6}\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{18}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

3.

若正方形的对角线长为 a+ba+b,则正方形的面积为:

If the length of a diagonal of a square is a+b,a+b, then the area of the square is:

(a+b)2(a+b)^2

12(a+b)2\dfrac12(a+b)^2

a2+b2a^2+b^2

12(a2+b2)\dfrac12(a^2+b^2)

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1270
小提示:

建立正方形对角线 dd 与边长 ss 的关系

Relate the diagonal dd of a square to its side ss

大提示:

由于 d=s2d=s\sqrt2,面积 s2s^2 等于 d22\frac{d^2}{2}

Since d=s2d=s\sqrt2, the area s2s^2 equals d22\frac{d^2}{2}

解答:

若边长为 ss,对角线 d=a+bd=a+b,则 d=s2d=s\sqrt2。因此, s2=d22=12(a+b)2 s^2=\frac{d^2}{2}=\frac12(a+b)^2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

If ss is the side length and d=a+bd=a+b is the diagonal, then d=s2.d=s\sqrt2. Thus s2=d22=12(a+b)2. s^2=\frac{d^2}{2}=\frac12(a+b)^2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

一座平顶长方体谷仓宽 1010 码、长 1313 码、高 55 码。谷仓内外墙面和天花板都要粉刷,但屋顶和地面不刷。需要粉刷的总面积为多少平方码?

A barn with a flat roof is rectangular in shape, 1010 yd. wide, 1313 yd. long, and 55 yd. high. It is to be painted inside and outside, and on the ceiling, but not on the roof or floor. The total number of square yards to be painted is:

360360

460460

490490

590590

720720

知识点:长方体表面积
难度评级:1220
小提示:

四面墙的内外两侧都要计算

Count both the inside and outside faces of each of the four walls

大提示:

天花板是一块 1010 码乘 1313 码的长方形

The ceiling contributes one 1010-by-1313 rectangle

解答:

四面墙单侧的面积为 2(135)+2(105)=230 2(13\cdot5)+2(10\cdot5)=230\text{。}内外两侧共需粉刷 2(230)=4602(230)=460。天花板再增加 1013=13010\cdot13=130,所以总面积为 460+130=590460+130=590

因此,正确答案是 D

The four walls have one-sided area 2(135)+2(105)=230. 2(13\cdot5)+2(10\cdot5)=230. Painting them inside and outside contributes 2(230)=460.2(230)=460. The ceiling adds 1013=130,10\cdot13=130, so the total is 460+130=590.460+130=590.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

5.

AA 先生拥有一栋价值 $10,000\$10{,}000 的房子。他以高于房屋价值 10%10\% 的价格卖给 BB 先生。随后,BB 先生以亏损 10%10\% 的价格将房子卖回给 AA 先生。则:

Mr. AA owns a home worth $10,000.\$10{,}000. He sells it to Mr. BB at a 10%10\% profit based on the worth of the house. Mr. BB sells the house back to Mr. AA at a 10%10\% loss. Then:

AA 收支相抵

AA comes out even

AA 在交易中赚了 $1100\$1100

AA makes $1100\$1100 on the deal

AA 在交易中赚了 $1000\$1000

AA makes $1000\$1000 on the deal

AA 在交易中亏了 $900\$900

AA loses $900\$900 on the deal

AA 在交易中亏了 $1000\$1000

AA loses $1000\$1000 on the deal

知识点:百分数钱币
难度评级:1180
小提示:

分别计算两次交易的售价

Compute the two sale prices separately

大提示:

第一次售价为 10,000(1.10)10{,}000(1.10),卖回时的售价比该数额低 10%10\%

The first sale is for 10,000(1.10)10{,}000(1.10), and the return sale is 10%10\% below that amount

解答:

第一次售价为 10,000(1.10)=11,00010{,}000(1.10)=11{,}000。卖回时的售价为 11,000(0.90)=9,90011{,}000(0.90)=9{,}900AA 先生收到 11,00011{,}000,再付出 9,9009{,}900,所以获利 1,1001{,}100

因此,正确答案是 B

The first sale price is 10,000(1.10)=11,000.10{,}000(1.10)=11{,}000. The return sale is 11,000(0.90)=9,900.11{,}000(0.90)=9{,}900. Mr. AA receives 11,00011{,}000 and pays back 9,900,9{,}900, so he gains 1,100.1{,}100.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

6.

已知一个长方体盒子的底面、侧面和正面面积。这三个面积的乘积等于:

The bottom, side, and front areas of a rectangular box are known. The product of these areas is equal to:

盒子的体积

The volume of the box

体积的平方根

The square root of the volume

体积的两倍

Twice the volume

体积的平方

The square of the volume

体积的立方

The cube of the volume

难度评级:1270
小提示:

设三条棱长为 l,w,hl,w,h

Call the three edge lengths l,w,hl,w,h

大提示:

将三个面的面积 lwlwwhwhhlhl 相乘

Multiply the three face areas lw,lw, wh,wh, and hlhl

解答:

若三条棱长为 l,w,hl,w,h,则三个面的面积为 lwlwwhwhhlhl。它们的乘积为 (lw)(wh)(hl)=l2w2h2=(lwh)2 (lw)(wh)(hl)=l^2w^2h^2=(lwh)^2\text{,}即体积的平方。

因此,正确答案是 D

If the edge lengths are l,w,h,l,w,h, the three face areas are lw,lw, wh,wh, and hl.hl. Their product is (lw)(wh)(hl)=l2w2h2=(lwh)2, (lw)(wh)(hl)=l^2w^2h^2=(lwh)^2, the square of the volume.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

测量一条长 1010'' 的线段时误差为 0.020.02'',而测量一条长 100100'' 的线段时误差仅为 0.20.2''。与第一次测量的相对误差相比,第二次测量的相对误差:

An error of 0.020.02'' is made in the measurement of a line 1010'' long, while an error of only 0.20.2'' is made in a measurement of a line 100100'' long. In comparison with the relative error of the first measurement, the relative error of the second measurement is:

0.180.18

Greater by 0.180.18

相同

The same

较小

Less

是其 1010

1010 times as great

(A)(A)(D)(D) 的描述都正确

Correctly described by both (A)(A) and (D)(D)

知识点:比与比例小数
难度评级:1240
小提示:

相对误差等于绝对误差除以测量长度

Relative error is the absolute error divided by the measured length

大提示:

比较 0.0210\frac{0.02}{10}0.2100\frac{0.2}{100}

Compare 0.0210\frac{0.02}{10} with 0.2100\frac{0.2}{100}

解答:

两个相对误差分别为 0.0210=0.002\frac{0.02}{10}=0.0020.2100=0.002\frac{0.2}{100}=0.002。它们相等。

因此,正确答案是 B

The two relative errors are 0.0210=0.002\frac{0.02}{10}=0.002 and 0.2100=0.002.\frac{0.2}{100}=0.002. They are equal.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

一件商品的价格降低了 10%10\%。要恢复原价,降价后的价格必须增加:

The price of an article is cut 10%.10\%. To restore it to its former value, the new price must be increased by:

10%10\%

9%9\%

1119%11\dfrac19\%

11%11\%

以上答案均不正确

None of these answers

知识点:百分数
难度评级:1320
小提示:

降价后,价格是原价的 90%90\%

After the cut, the price is 90%90\% of the original

大提示:

若所需的增幅为 pp,求解 0.9(1+p)=10.9(1+p)=1

If the required increase is pp, solve 0.9(1+p)=10.9(1+p)=1

解答:

设原价为 11。降价后的价格为 0.90.9。所需的增幅为 10.90.9=19 \frac{1-0.9}{0.9}=\frac19\text{,}1119%11\dfrac19\%

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the original price be 1.1. The reduced price is 0.9.0.9. The required fractional increase is 10.90.9=19, \frac{1-0.9}{0.9}=\frac19, which is 1119%.11\dfrac19\%.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

9.

先画一个边长为 aa 的等边三角形,再连接其三边中点,得到一个新的等边三角形;随后连接第二个三角形的三边中点,得到第三个等边三角形;如此无限继续。所有这些三角形周长之和的极限为:

An equilateral triangle is drawn with a side of length a.a. A new equilateral triangle is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the first one. Then a third equilateral triangle is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the second; and so on forever. The limit of the sum of the perimeters of all the triangles thus drawn is:

无穷大

Infinite

(514)a\left(5\dfrac14\right)a

2a2a

6a6a

(412)a\left(4\dfrac12\right)a

难度评级:1400
小提示:

每个中点三角形的边长都是前一个三角形的一半

Each midpoint triangle has half the side length of the preceding triangle

大提示:

各周长组成 3a+3a2+3a4+3a+\frac{3a}{2}+\frac{3a}{4}+\cdots

The perimeters form 3a+3a2+3a4+3a+\frac{3a}{2}+\frac{3a}{4}+\cdots

解答:

第一个三角形的周长为 3a3a,以后每个周长都是前一个的一半。因此,总和为 3a(1+12+14+)=3a1112=6a \begin{aligned} &3a\left(1+\frac12+\frac14+\cdots\right)\\ &\quad=3a\cdot\frac{1}{1-\frac12}\\ &\quad=6a \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The first perimeter is 3a,3a, and every later perimeter is half the preceding one. Hence the total is 3a(1+12+14+)=3a1112=6a. \begin{aligned} &3a\left(1+\frac12+\frac14+\cdots\right)\\ &\quad=3a\cdot\frac{1}{1-\frac12}\\ &\quad=6a. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

10.

下列说法中,不正确的是:

Of the following statements, the one that is incorrect is:

将一个给定长方形的底边加倍,面积也加倍。

Doubling the base of a given rectangle doubles the area.

将三角形的高加倍,面积也加倍。

Doubling the altitude of a triangle doubles the area.

将一个给定圆的半径加倍,面积也加倍。

Doubling the radius of a given circle doubles the area.

将一个分式的除数加倍,并将其分子除以 22,会改变商。

Doubling the divisor of a fraction and dividing its numerator by 22 changes the quotient.

将一个给定的量加倍,可能使结果小于原来的量。

Doubling a given quantity may make it less than it originally was.

难度评级:1180
小提示:

检查各个面积公式在某个长度加倍时如何变化

Check how each area formula changes when one length is doubled

大提示:

圆的面积取决于半径的平方

A circle’s area depends on the square of its radius

解答:

圆的面积为 πr2\pi r^2。将 rr 替换为 2r2r,得到 π(2r)2=4πr2\pi(2r)^2=4\pi r^2,所以半径加倍会使面积变为四倍,而不是两倍。其余说法按原文均可成立。

因此,正确答案是 C

A circle has area πr2.\pi r^2. Replacing rr by 2r2r gives π(2r)2=4πr2,\pi(2r)^2=4\pi r^2, so doubling the radius quadruples, rather than doubles, the area. The other statements can hold as written.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

11.

一个无穷等比数列的和为 a1r\dfrac{a}{1-r},其中 aa 表示首项,1<r<1-1\lt r\lt1 表示公比。该数列各项平方之和为:

The limit of the sum of an infinite number of terms in a geometric progression is a1r,\dfrac{a}{1-r}, where aa denotes the first term and 1<r<1-1\lt r\lt1 denotes the common ratio. The limit of the sum of their squares is:

a2(1r)2\dfrac{a^2}{(1-r)^2}

a21+r2\dfrac{a^2}{1+r^2}

a21r2\dfrac{a^2}{1-r^2}

4a21+r2\dfrac{4a^2}{1+r^2}

以上答案均不正确

None of these

知识点:等比数列
难度评级:1470
小提示:

将每一项平方后,公比也随之平方

Squaring every term also squares the common ratio

大提示:

平方后的数列之和以 a2+a2r2+a2r4+a^2+a^2r^2+a^2r^4+\cdots 开始

The squared series begins a2+a2r2+a2r4+a^2+a^2r^2+a^2r^4+\cdots

解答:

各项平方后仍组成等比数列,首项为 a2a^2,公比为 r2r^2。因为 r<1|r|\lt1,所以其和为 a21r2 \frac{a^2}{1-r^2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The squared terms form a geometric series with first term a2a^2 and ratio r2.r^2. Since r<1,|r|\lt1, its sum is a21r2. \frac{a^2}{1-r^2}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

2:152{:}15 时,钟表的时针与分针所成的角为:

At 2:152{:}15 o’clock, the hour and minute hands of a clock form an angle of:

3030^\circ

55^\circ

221222\dfrac12^\circ

7127\dfrac12^\circ

2828^\circ

知识点:时钟导角
难度评级:1200
小提示:

2:152{:}15 时,分针与 1212 点方向成 9090^\circ

At 2:152{:}15 the minute hand is at 9090^\circ from 1212

大提示:

时针从 2:002{:}00 时的位置起,每分钟再转动 0.50.5^\circ

The hour hand moves 0.50.5^\circ per minute in addition to its position at 2:002{:}00

解答:

2:152{:}15 时,分针与 1212 点方向成 9090^\circ 角。时针与 1212 点方向所成的角为 230+150.5=67.52\cdot30^\circ+15\cdot0.5^\circ=67.5^\circ。两针夹角为 9067.5=22.5=221290^\circ-67.5^\circ=22.5^\circ=22\dfrac12^\circ

因此,正确答案是 C

At 2:152{:}15 the minute hand is 9090^\circ from 12.12. The hour hand is 230+150.5=67.52\cdot30^\circ+15\cdot0.5^\circ=67.5^\circ from 12.12. Their angle is 9067.5=22.5=2212.90^\circ-67.5^\circ=22.5^\circ=22\dfrac12^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

AA 可在 99 天内完成一项工作。BB 的效率比 AA50%50\%BB 完成同一项工作所需的天数为:

AA can do a piece of work in 99 days. BB is 50%50\% more efficient than A.A. The number of days it takes BB to do the same piece of work is:

131213\dfrac12

4124\dfrac12

66

33

以上答案均不正确

None of these answers

知识点:速率比与比例
难度评级:1150
小提示:

将完成一项工作所需的天数换算成每天完成的工作量

Translate days per job into jobs per day

大提示:

AA 的工作效率 19\frac{1}{9} 乘以 1.51.5

Multiply AA’s rate 19\frac{1}{9} by 1.51.5

解答:

AA 每天完成全部工作的 19\frac{1}{9}。因此,BB 每天完成的工作量为 3219=16 \frac32\cdot\frac19=\frac16\text{,}所以 BB 需要 66 天。

因此,正确答案是 C

AA’s rate is 19\frac{1}{9} job per day. Thus BB’s rate is 3219=16 \frac32\cdot\frac19=\frac16 job per day, so BB needs 66 days.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

14.

关于几何证明,请指出下列哪一项说法不正确:

In connection with proof in geometry, indicate which one of the following statements is incorrect:

有些陈述无需证明即可接受。

Some statements are accepted without being proved.

在某些情况下,证明某些命题时存在不止一种正确的步骤顺序。

In some instances there is more than one correct order in proving certain propositions.

证明中使用的每一个术语都必须事先定义。

Every term used in a proof must have been defined previously.

如果已知条件中含有一个不真实的命题,就不可能通过正确推理得出真实的结论。

It is not possible to arrive by correct reasoning at a true conclusion if, in the given, there is an untrue proposition.

只要存在两个或更多互相矛盾的命题,就可以使用间接证明。

Indirect proof can be used whenever there are two or more contrary propositions.

知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1260
小提示:

区分未经定义的原始术语与未经证明的公理

Distinguish undefined primitive terms from unproved axioms

大提示:

公理系统若要定义每一个术语,就会陷入无限倒推

An axiomatic system cannot define every term without an infinite regress

解答:

公理化体系以有意不加定义的原始术语以及无需证明即可接受的陈述为起点。因此,“证明中的每一个术语都必须事先定义”这一说法不正确。

因此,题目预期的正确答案是 C

An axiomatic development begins with primitive terms that are deliberately left undefined, as well as statements accepted without proof. Therefore it is not true that every term in a proof must previously have been defined.

Thus, the intended correct answer is C.

15.

对于 nn 的一切整数值,表达式 n3nn^3-n 恒能被下列哪个最大的数整除?

The largest number by which the expression n3nn^3-n is divisible for all possible integral values of nn is:

22

33

44

55

66

难度评级:1390
小提示:

n3nn^3-n 因式分解

Factor n3nn^3-n

大提示:

三个因数 n1,n,n+1n-1,n,n+1 是连续整数

The factors n1,n,n+1n-1,n,n+1 are three consecutive integers

解答:

n3n=n(n1)(n+1) n^3-n=n(n-1)(n+1)\text{,}这是三个连续整数的乘积。其中一个能被 33 整除,且至少一个是偶数,所以该乘积恒能被 66 整除。取 n=2n=2 时,表达式的值恰为 66,所以不存在更大的整数能恒整除该表达式。

因此,正确答案是 E

We have n3n=n(n1)(n+1), n^3-n=n(n-1)(n+1), a product of three consecutive integers. One is divisible by 33 and at least one is even, so the product is always divisible by 6.6. Taking n=2n=2 gives exactly 6,6, so no larger integer always divides it.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

16.

对二次方程 f(x)=ax2+bx+c=0 f(x)=ax^2+bx+c=0 使用求根公式时,若恰有 c=b24ac=\dfrac{b^2}{4a},则 y=f(x)y=f(x) 的图像一定:

If in applying the quadratic formula to a quadratic equation f(x)=ax2+bx+c=0, f(x)=ax^2+bx+c=0, it happens that c=b24a,c=\dfrac{b^2}{4a}, then the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x) will certainly:

有最大值

Have a maximum

有最小值

Have a minimum

xx 轴相切

Be tangent to the xx-axis

yy 轴相切

Be tangent to the yy-axis

只位于一个象限内

Lie in one quadrant only

知识点:二次方程切线
难度评级:1400
小提示:

将所给条件代入判别式 b24acb^2-4ac

Substitute the condition into the discriminant b24acb^2-4ac

大提示:

有一个二重实根的二次函数图像只在一点接触横轴

A quadratic with one repeated real root touches the horizontal axis once

解答:

由所给条件可得 b24ac=b24a(b24a)=0 b^2-4ac=b^2-4a\left(\frac{b^2}{4a}\right)=0\text{。}因此,该二次方程有一个二重实根,其抛物线与 xx 轴相切。

因此,正确答案是 C

The condition gives b24ac=b24a(b24a)=0. b^2-4ac=b^2-4a\left(\frac{b^2}{4a}\right)=0. Hence the quadratic has a repeated real root, so its parabola is tangent to the xx-axis.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

17.

请指出下列哪个方程中,yyxx 既不成正比,也不成反比:

Indicate in which one of the following equations yy is neither directly nor inversely proportional to xx:

x+y=0x+y=0

3xy=103xy=10

x=5yx=5y

3x+y=103x+y=10

xy=3\dfrac{x}{y}=\sqrt3

难度评级:1150
小提示:

正比例关系形如 y=kxy=kx,反比例关系形如 xy=kxy=k

Direct proportion has the form y=kxy=kx, while inverse proportion has the form xy=kxy=k

大提示:

分别将每个方程解出 yy

Rewrite each equation by solving for yy

解答:

选项 A、C 和 E 均可整理为 y=kxy=kx,选项 B 可整理为 xy=kxy=k。但选项 D 给出 y=103xy=10-3x,不属于这两种形式。

因此,正确答案是 D

Choices A, C, and E rearrange to y=kx,y=kx, and choice B rearranges to xy=k.xy=k. But choice D gives y=103x,y=10-3x, which is neither form.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

18.

要将表达式 21x2+ax+2121x^2+ax+21 分解为两个系数为整数的线性不可约二项式之积。当 aa 是下列哪一项时,可以完成这种分解?

The expression 21x2+ax+2121x^2+ax+21 is to be factored into two linear prime binomial factors with integer coefficients. This can be done if aa is:

任意奇数

Any odd number

某些奇数

Some odd number

任意偶数

Any even number

某些偶数

Some even number

Zero

难度评级:1450
小提示:

将两个因式写成 (Ax+B)(Cx+D)(Ax+B)(Cx+D)

Write the factors as (Ax+B)(Cx+D)(Ax+B)(Cx+D)

大提示:

因为 AC=BD=21AC=BD=21,所以这四个整数因数都是奇数

Because AC=BD=21,AC=BD=21, all four integer factors are odd

解答:

21x2+ax+21=(Ax+B)(Cx+D) \begin{aligned} &21x^2+ax+21\\ &\quad=(Ax+B)(Cx+D) \end{aligned}\text{。}AC=BD=21AC=BD=21,所以 A,B,C,DA,B,C,D 均为奇数。因此,a=AD+BCa=AD+BC 为偶数。某些偶数确实可行;例如,(3x+7)(7x+3)=21x2+58x+21 \begin{aligned} &(3x+7)(7x+3)\\ &\quad=21x^2+58x+21 \end{aligned}\text{。}但并非每个偶数都可行。

因此,正确答案是 D

Suppose 21x2+ax+21=(Ax+B)(Cx+D). \begin{aligned} &21x^2+ax+21\\ &\quad=(Ax+B)(Cx+D). \end{aligned} Then AC=BD=21,AC=BD=21, so A,B,C,DA,B,C,D are odd. Therefore a=AD+BCa=AD+BC is even. Some even values work; for example, (3x+7)(7x+3)=21x2+58x+21. \begin{aligned} &(3x+7)(7x+3)\\ &\quad=21x^2+58x+21. \end{aligned} Not every even value works.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

将一个三位数重复书写一次,组成一个六位数,例如 256,256256{,}256678,678678{,}678 等。任何这种形式的数都一定能被下列哪个数整除?

A six-place number is formed by repeating a three-place number; for example, 256,256,256{,}256, or 678,678,678{,}678, etc. Any number of this form is always exactly divisible by:

77

77 only

1111

1111 only

1313

1313 only

101101

10011001

知识点:位值整除性
难度评级:1440
小提示:

NN 表示被重复的三位数

Represent the repeated three-digit block by NN

大提示:

这个六位数为 1000N+N1000N+N

The six-digit number is 1000N+N1000N+N

解答:

若被重复的三位数为 NN,则这个六位数为 1000N+N=1001N 1000N+N=1001N\text{。}因此,它一定能被 10011001 整除。

因此,正确答案是 E

If the repeated block is N,N, then the six-place number is 1000N+N=1001N. 1000N+N=1001N. It is therefore always divisible by 1001.1001.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

20.

将表达式 (x+y)1(x1+y1)(x+y)^{-1}(x^{-1}+y^{-1}) 化简,并用负指数表示,结果等于:

When simplified and expressed with negative exponents, the expression (x+y)1(x1+y1)(x+y)^{-1}(x^{-1}+y^{-1}) is equal to:

x2+2x1y1+y2x^{-2}+2x^{-1}y^{-1}+y^{-2}

x2+21x1y1+y2x^{-2}+2^{-1}x^{-1}y^{-1}+y^{-2}

x1y1x^{-1}y^{-1}

x2+y2x^{-2}+y^{-2}

1x1y1\dfrac{1}{x^{-1}y^{-1}}

知识点:代数变形指数
难度评级:1320
小提示:

x1+y1x^{-1}+y^{-1} 通分成一个分式

Rewrite x1+y1x^{-1}+y^{-1} as one fraction

大提示:

两个倒数通分后,因式 x+yx+y 可以约去

The factor x+yx+y cancels after combining the reciprocals

解答:

x,yx,y 均不为零且 x+y0x+y\ne0 时,(x+y)1(x1+y1)=1x+y(x+yxy)=1xy=x1y1 \begin{aligned} &(x+y)^{-1}(x^{-1}+y^{-1})\\ &\quad=\frac{1}{x+y}\left(\frac{x+y}{xy}\right)\\ &\quad=\frac1{xy}=x^{-1}y^{-1} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

For nonzero x,yx,y with x+y0,x+y\ne0, (x+y)1(x1+y1)=1x+y(x+yxy)=1xy=x1y1. \begin{aligned} &(x+y)^{-1}(x^{-1}+y^{-1})\\ &\quad=\frac{1}{x+y}\left(\frac{x+y}{xy}\right)\\ &\quad=\frac1{xy}=x^{-1}y^{-1}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

21.

已知 x>0x\gt0y>0y\gt0x>yx\gt y,且 z0z\ne0。下列不等式中,不一定正确的是:

Given x>0,x\gt0, y>0,y\gt0, x>y,x\gt y, and z0.z\ne0. The inequality which is not always correct is:

x+z>y+zx+z\gt y+z

xz>yzx-z\gt y-z

xz>yzxz\gt yz

xz2>yz2\dfrac{x}{z^2}\gt\dfrac{y}{z^2}

xz2>yz2xz^2\gt yz^2

知识点:不等式反例
难度评级:1400
小提示:

两边加上同一个数会保持不等号方向,但乘法不一定如此

Adding the same number preserves order, but multiplying does not always do so

大提示:

z<0z\lt0 时检验各个说法

Test the statements when z<0z\lt0

解答:

因为 zz 可能为负数,所以将 x>yx\gt y 两边乘以 zz 会使不等号反向,得到 xz<yzxz\lt yz。其他选项中的运算都保持不等式成立,因为 z2>0z^2\gt0

因此,正确答案是 C

Because zz may be negative, multiplying x>yx\gt y by zz reverses the inequality and gives xz<yz.xz\lt yz. The operations in the other choices preserve the inequality because z2>0.z^2\gt0.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

方程 log10(a215a)=2\log_{10}(a^2-15a)=2aa 的值为:

The values of aa in the equation log10(a215a)=2\log_{10}(a^2-15a)=2 are:

15±2332\dfrac{15\pm\sqrt{233}}{2}

20205-5

20,20, 5-5

15±3052\dfrac{15\pm\sqrt{305}}{2}

±20\pm20

以上答案均不正确

None of these

知识点:对数二次方程
难度评级:1400
小提示:

将对数方程改写成指数形式

Convert the logarithmic equation to exponential form

大提示:

解方程 a215a=100a^2-15a=100

Solve a215a=100a^2-15a=100

解答:

原方程等价于 a215a=102=100a^2-15a=10^2=100,所以 a215a100=(a20)(a+5)=0 \begin{aligned} &a^2-15a-100\\ &\quad=(a-20)(a+5)\\ &\quad=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}a=20a=20a=5a=-5 都使对数的真数等于 100100,因此两个解都有效。

因此,正确答案是 B

The equation is equivalent to a215a=102=100,a^2-15a=10^2=100, so a215a100=(a20)(a+5)=0. \begin{aligned} &a^2-15a-100\\ &\quad=(a-20)(a+5)\\ &\quad=0. \end{aligned} Both a=20a=20 and a=5a=-5 make the logarithm’s argument 100,100, so both are valid.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

23.

一个圆柱形盒子的半径为 88 英寸,高为 33 英寸。分别给半径或高增加相同的长度,若要使两种情况下体积的非零增量相等,则应增加多少英寸?

The radius of a cylindrical box is 88 inches and the height is 33 inches. The number of inches that may be added to either the radius or the height to give the same nonzero increase in volume is:

11

5135\dfrac13

任意数

Any number

不存在

Non-existent

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1530
小提示:

比较半径增加 xx 后的体积与高增加 xx 后的体积

Compare the volume after adding xx to the radius with the volume after adding xx to the height

大提示:

π(8+x)2(3)=π(8)2(3+x)\pi(8+x)^2(3)=\pi(8)^2(3+x),并舍去 x=0x=0

Set π(8+x)2(3)=π(8)2(3+x)\pi(8+x)^2(3)=\pi(8)^2(3+x) and discard x=0x=0

解答:

要使两种新体积相等,必须有 3π(8+x)2=64π(3+x) 3\pi(8+x)^2=64\pi(3+x)\text{。}约去 π\pi 并展开,得到 3x216x=03x^2-16x=0,所以 x=0x=0x=163=513x=\frac{16}{3}=5\dfrac13。题目要求增量非零。

因此,正确答案是 B

For the two new volumes to be equal, 3π(8+x)2=64π(3+x). 3\pi(8+x)^2=64\pi(3+x). Cancelling π\pi and expanding gives 3x216x=0,3x^2-16x=0, so x=0x=0 or x=163=513.x=\frac{16}{3}=5\dfrac13. The problem requires a nonzero increase.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

24.

化简 2n+42(2n)2(2n+3)\dfrac{2^{n+4}-2(2^n)}{2(2^{n+3})},结果为:

When simplified, 2n+42(2n)2(2n+3)\dfrac{2^{n+4}-2(2^n)}{2(2^{n+3})} is:

2n+1182^{n+1}-\dfrac18

2n+1-2^{n+1}

12n1-2^n

78\dfrac78

74\dfrac74

知识点:指数代数变形
难度评级:1320
小提示:

从分子中提出 2n2^n

Factor 2n2^n from the numerator

大提示:

将分母改写成 2n+42^{n+4}

Rewrite the denominator as 2n+42^{n+4}

解答:

因式分解并合并幂,得到 2n(242)2n+4=1416=78 \frac{2^n(2^4-2)}{2^{n+4}} =\frac{14}{16} =\frac78\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Factoring and combining powers gives 2n(242)2n+4=1416=78. \frac{2^n(2^4-2)}{2^{n+4}} =\frac{14}{16} =\frac78.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

25.

一个正方形的面积数值等于其周长数值;一个等边三角形的面积数值也等于其周长数值。比较它们的边心距,前者的边心距:

The apothem of a square having its area numerically equal to its perimeter is compared with the apothem of an equilateral triangle having its area numerically equal to its perimeter. The first apothem will be:

等于后者

Equal to the second

是后者的 43\dfrac43

43\dfrac43 times the second

是后者的 23\dfrac{2}{\sqrt3}

23\dfrac{2}{\sqrt3} times the second

是后者的 23\dfrac{\sqrt2}{\sqrt3}

23\dfrac{\sqrt2}{\sqrt3} times the second

与后者的关系无法确定

Indeterminately related to the second

难度评级:1610
小提示:

正多边形的面积等于边心距与周长乘积的一半

For a regular polygon, area equals one half the apothem times the perimeter

大提示:

若非零周长与面积数值相等,可在 A=12rPA=\frac12rP 中约去周长

If a nonzero perimeter equals the area, cancel the perimeter from A=12rPA=\frac12rP

解答:

边心距为 rr、周长为 PP 的任意正多边形,其面积为 A=12rPA=\frac12rP。若面积数值等于非零的周长数值,则 12rP=P \frac12rP=P\text{,}所以 r=2r=2。正方形与等边三角形都满足这一结论,因此二者的边心距相等。

因此,正确答案是 A

Every regular polygon with apothem rr and perimeter PP has area A=12rP.A=\frac12rP. If its numerical area equals its nonzero perimeter, then 12rP=P, \frac12rP=P, so r=2.r=2. This applies to both the square and the equilateral triangle, so their apothems are equal.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

26.

在方程 x(x1)(m+1)(x1)(m1)=xm \frac{x(x-1)-(m+1)}{(x-1)(m-1)}=\frac{x}{m} 中,当下列哪一条件成立时,两根相等?

In the equation x(x1)(m+1)(x1)(m1)=xm, \frac{x(x-1)-(m+1)}{(x-1)(m-1)}=\frac{x}{m}, the roots are equal when:

m=1m=1

m=12m=\dfrac12

m=0m=0

m=1m=-1

m=12m=-\dfrac12

难度评级:1830
小提示:

消去分母,并将所得方程整理成关于 xx 的二次方程

Clear denominators and collect the resulting quadratic in xx

大提示:

方程化为 x2xm(m+1)=0x^2-x-m(m+1)=0;两根相等要求判别式为零

The equation reduces to x2xm(m+1)=0x^2-x-m(m+1)=0; equal roots require zero discriminant

解答:

消去分母并化简,得到 x2xm(m+1)=0 x^2-x-m(m+1)=0\text{。}两根相等要求 1+4m(m+1)=(2m+1)2=0 \begin{aligned} 1+4m(m+1) &=(2m+1)^2\\ &=0 \end{aligned}\text{,}因此 m=12m=-\frac12。该值不会使原方程的分母为零。

因此,正确答案是 E

Clearing denominators and simplifying yields x2xm(m+1)=0. x^2-x-m(m+1)=0. Equal roots require 1+4m(m+1)=(2m+1)2=0, \begin{aligned} 1+4m(m+1) &=(2m+1)^2\\ &=0, \end{aligned} hence m=12.m=-\frac12. This value does not violate the original denominators.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

27.

过三角形内一点,从三个顶点分别向对边画直线,将原三角形分成六个三角形区域。则:

Through a point inside a triangle, three lines are drawn from the vertices to the opposite sides, forming six triangular sections. Then:

每一对相对的三角形都相似

The triangles are similar in opposite pairs

每一对相对的三角形都全等

The triangles are congruent in opposite pairs

每一对相对的三角形面积都相等

The triangles are equal in area in opposite pairs

形成三个相似的四边形

Three similar quadrilaterals are formed

以上关系均不成立

None of the above relations is true

难度评级:1470
小提示:

内点及三条顶点与对边相交的直线都是任意的

The interior point and the three cevians are arbitrary

大提示:

将该点移到非常靠近某一边的位置,检验所声称的相对区域面积关系

Move the point very close to one side to test the claimed opposite-area relation

解答:

题目没有给出任何角度或长度条件,足以保证相对区域相似或全等。它们的面积也不必相等:将内点放在非常靠近某一边的位置,可使邻接该边的区域任意小,却不会迫使其相对区域也变小。六个区域中也没有四边形。

因此,正确答案是 E

No angle or length condition forces opposite sections to be similar or congruent. Their areas also need not match: placing the interior point very close to one side makes the sections adjoining that side arbitrarily small without forcing their opposite sections to be small. No quadrilaterals are among the six sections.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

28.

风对帆的压力 PP 与帆的面积 AA 及风速 VV 的平方成联合正比。当风速为每小时 1616 英里时,每平方英尺帆面所受压力为 11 磅。当一平方码帆面所受压力为 3636 磅时,风速为:

The pressure PP of wind on a sail varies jointly as the area AA of the sail and the square of the velocity VV of the wind. The pressure on a square foot is 11 pound when the velocity is 1616 miles per hour. The velocity of the wind when the pressure on a square yard is 3636 pounds is:

102310\dfrac23 英里/小时

102310\dfrac23 mph

9696 英里/小时

9696 mph

3232 英里/小时

3232 mph

1131\dfrac13 英里/小时

1131\dfrac13 mph

1616 英里/小时

1616 mph

难度评级:1520
小提示:

使用 P=kAV2P=kAV^2,并记住一平方码等于九平方英尺

Use P=kAV2P=kAV^2 and remember that one square yard is nine square feet

大提示:

第一个条件给出 1=k(1)(162)1=k(1)(16^2)

The first condition gives 1=k(1)(162)1=k(1)(16^2)

解答:

写成 P=kAV2P=kAV^2。由 1=k(1)(162)1=k(1)(16^2)k=1256k=\frac{1}{256}。一平方码等于 99 平方英尺,所以 36=12569V2 36=\frac1{256}\cdot9V^2\text{。}因此 V2=1024V^2=1024,正的风速为 V=32V=32 英里/小时。

因此,正确答案是 C

Write P=kAV2.P=kAV^2. From 1=k(1)(162),1=k(1)(16^2), we get k=1256.k=\frac{1}{256}. A square yard has area 99 square feet, so 36=12569V2. 36=\frac1{256}\cdot9V^2. Thus V2=1024V^2=1024 and the positive speed is V=32V=32 mph.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

29.

下列各组数据中,唯一不能确定三角形形状的是:

Of the following sets of data, the only one that does not determine the shape of a triangle is:

两边之比及其夹角

The ratio of two sides and the included angle

三条高之比

The ratios of the three altitudes

三条中线之比

The ratios of the three medians

一条高与其对应底边之比

The ratio of the altitude to the corresponding base

两个角

Two angles

难度评级:1530
小提示:

确定形状,是指在相似意义下确定三角形

Determining shape means determining the triangle up to similarity

大提示:

单独一个高与底边之比只固定一种面积比例,但不同形状的三角形可以具有相同的这一比值

A single altitude-to-base ratio fixes an area ratio but can occur in differently shaped triangles

解答:

选项 A 和 E 可在相似意义下确定各角。三条高之比确定相应边长的倒数之比,三条中线之比也能确定边长之比。但仅有一个比值 hb\frac{h}{b},无法确定其余边长或角;许多不相似的三角形都可以具有这一比值。

因此,正确答案是 D

Choices A and E determine the angles up to similarity. Ratios of all three altitudes determine reciprocal side ratios, and ratios of all three medians determine side ratios. But a single ratio hb\frac{h}{b} does not determine the remaining side lengths or angles; many non-similar triangles can share it.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

30.

两根高分别为 2020''8080'' 的杆相距 100100''。分别连接每根杆的顶端与另一根杆的底端,则两条连线交点的高度为:

If two poles 2020'' and 8080'' high are 100100'' apart, then the height of the intersection of the lines joining the top of each pole to the foot of the opposite pole is:

5050''

4040''

1616''

6060''

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1580
小提示:

将两根杆的底端分别置于 x=0x=0x=100x=100

Place the pole bases at x=0x=0 and x=100x=100

大提示:

两条交叉连线可写成 y=4x5y=\frac{4x}{5}y=20x5y=20-\frac{x}{5}

The cross-lines can be written y=4x5y=\frac{4x}{5} and y=20x5y=20-\frac{x}{5}

解答:

将两根杆的底端置于 (0,0)(0,0)(100,0)(100,0),顶端分别为 (0,80)(0,80)(100,20)(100,20)。两条交叉连线为 y=45xy=\frac45xy=2015xy=20-\frac15x。令二者相等,得到 x=20x=20,进而得到 y=16y=16

因此,正确答案是 C

Put the bases at (0,0)(0,0) and (100,0),(100,0), with tops (0,80)(0,80) and (100,20).(100,20). The cross-lines are y=45xy=\frac45x and y=2015x.y=20-\frac15x. Equating them gives x=20,x=20, and hence y=16.y=16.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

31.

一次聚会结束时,人们共握手 2828 次。假设每位参加者对其他所有人都同样礼貌,则在场人数为:

A total of 2828 handshakes was exchanged at the conclusion of a party. Assuming that each participant was equally polite toward all the others, the number of people present was:

1414

2828

5656

88

77

难度评级:1290
小提示:

若有 nn 人,则每一对人握手一次

With nn people, each unordered pair shakes hands once

大提示:

解方程 (n2)=28\binom n2=28

Solve (n2)=28\binom n2=28

解答:

若有 nn 人,则握手次数为 (n2)=n(n1)2 \binom n2=\frac{n(n-1)}2\text{。}因此 n(n1)=56n(n-1)=56,正解为 n=8n=8

因此,正确答案是 D

With nn people the number of handshakes is (n2)=n(n1)2. \binom n2=\frac{n(n-1)}2. Thus n(n1)=56,n(n-1)=56, and the positive solution is n=8.n=8.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

32.

ABC\triangle ABC 内接于以 AB\overline{AB} 为直径的半圆,则 AC+BC\overline{AC}+\overline{BC} 必须:

If ABC\triangle ABC is inscribed in a semicircle whose diameter is AB,\overline{AB}, then AC+BC\overline{AC}+\overline{BC} must be:

等于 AB\overline{AB}

Equal to AB\overline{AB}

等于 AB2\overline{AB}\sqrt2

Equal to AB2\overline{AB}\sqrt2

AB2\ge \overline{AB}\sqrt2

AB2\le \overline{AB}\sqrt2

AB2\overline{AB}^{\,2}

难度评级:1610
小提示:

直径所对的圆周角是直角

The angle subtending the diameter is a right angle

大提示:

对两条直角边 a,ba,b,比较 (a+b)2(a+b)^22(a2+b2)2(a^2+b^2)

For legs a,ba,b, compare (a+b)2(a+b)^2 with 2(a2+b2)2(a^2+b^2)

解答:

由泰勒斯定理,ACACBCBC 是以 ABAB 为斜边的直角三角形的两条直角边。因此 (AC+BC)22(AC2+BC2)=2AB2 \begin{aligned} (AC+BC)^2 &\le2(AC^2+BC^2)\\ &=2AB^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}两边取正平方根,得到 AC+BCAB2AC+BC\le AB\sqrt2;当三角形为等腰直角三角形时取等号。

因此,正确答案是 D

By Thales’ theorem, ACAC and BCBC are the legs of a right triangle with hypotenuse AB.AB. Therefore (AC+BC)22(AC2+BC2)=2AB2. \begin{aligned} (AC+BC)^2 &\le2(AC^2+BC^2)\\ &=2AB^2. \end{aligned} Taking positive square roots gives AC+BCAB2,AC+BC\le AB\sqrt2, with equality for an isosceles right triangle.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

33.

下列每一对方程的图像交点横坐标都可以给出方程 x22x=0x^2-2x=0 的根,唯独哪一对不能?

The roots of the equation x22x=0x^2-2x=0 can be obtained graphically by finding the abscissas of the points of intersection of each of the following pairs of equations except the pair:

y=x2y=x^2y=2xy=2x

y=x2,y=x^2, y=2xy=2x

y=x22xy=x^2-2xy=0y=0

y=x22x,y=x^2-2x, y=0y=0

y=xy=xy=x2y=x-2

y=x,y=x, y=x2y=x-2

y=x22x+1y=x^2-2x+1y=1y=1

y=x22x+1,y=x^2-2x+1, y=1y=1

y=x21y=x^2-1y=2x1y=2x-1

y=x21,y=x^2-1, y=2x1y=2x-1

难度评级:1320
小提示:

分别令每一对方程的右边相等

Set the two right-hand sides in each pair equal

大提示:

四对方程可化为 x22x=0x^2-2x=0;另一对则化为不可能成立的常数等式

Four pairs reduce to x22x=0x^2-2x=0; one pair reduces to an impossible constant equation

解答:

选项 A、B、D 和 E 的交点条件均可化为 x22x=0x^2-2x=0。选项 C 却要求 x=x2 x=x-2\text{,}该方程无解,因此不能给出所求的根。

因此,正确答案是 C

Choices A, B, D, and E all reduce their intersection condition to x22x=0.x^2-2x=0. Choice C instead requires x=x2, x=x-2, which has no solution and therefore cannot produce the desired roots.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

34.

10log10710^{\log_{10}7} 的值为:

The value of 10log10710^{\log_{10}7} is:

77

11

1010

log107\log_{10}7

log710\log_7 10

知识点:对数指数
难度评级:1260
小提示:

1010 为底的指数运算与以 1010 为底的对数运算互为逆运算

Exponentiation by 1010 and the base-1010 logarithm are inverse operations

大提示:

使用恒等式 blogbx=xb^{\log_b x}=x

Use the identity blogbx=xb^{\log_b x}=x

解答:

因为以 1010 为底的指数函数与对数函数互为反函数,所以 10log107=7 10^{\log_{10}7}=7\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Since the base-1010 exponential and logarithm are inverse functions, 10log107=7. 10^{\log_{10}7}=7.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

35.

ax=cq=ba^x=c^q=b,且 cy=az=dc^y=a^z=d,则:

If ax=cq=ba^x=c^q=b and cy=az=d,c^y=a^z=d, then:

xy=qzxy=qz

xy=qz\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{q}{z}

x+y=q+zx+y=q+z

xy=qzx-y=q-z

xy=qzx^y=q^z

知识点:对数方程组
难度评级:1580
小提示:

对两组连等式分别取对数

Take logarithms of both chains of equal powers

大提示:

xloga=qlogcx\log a=q\log cylogc=zlogay\log c=z\log a 消去对数因子

From xloga=qlogcx\log a=q\log c and ylogc=zlogay\log c=z\log a, eliminate the logarithms

解答:

取对数,得到 xloga=qlogc,ylogc=zloga \begin{gathered} x\log a=q\log c,\\ y\log c=z\log a \end{gathered}\text{。}按照本题历史上对非退化底数的约定,将两式相乘并约去非零的对数因子,得到 xy=qzxy=qz

因此,题目预期的正确答案是 A

Taking logarithms gives xloga=qlogc,ylogc=zloga. \begin{gathered} x\log a=q\log c,\\ y\log c=z\log a. \end{gathered} Multiplying these equations and cancelling the nonzero logarithmic factors under the historical nondegenerate-base convention yields xy=qz.xy=qz.

Thus, the intended correct answer is A.

36.

下列用于证明一个几何图形是轨迹的方法中,哪一种不正确?

Which of the following methods of proving a geometric figure a locus is not correct?

轨迹上的每一点都满足条件,轨迹外的每一点都不满足条件。

Every point on the locus satisfies the conditions and every point not on the locus does not satisfy the conditions.

每个不满足条件的点都不在轨迹上,且轨迹上的每一点都满足条件。

Every point not satisfying the conditions is not on the locus and every point on the locus does satisfy the conditions.

每个满足条件的点都在轨迹上,且轨迹上的每一点都满足条件。

Every point satisfying the conditions is on the locus and every point on the locus satisfies the conditions.

轨迹外的每一点都不满足条件,且每个不满足条件的点都不在轨迹上。

Every point not on the locus does not satisfy the conditions and every point not satisfying the conditions is not on the locus.

每个满足条件的点都在轨迹上,且每个不满足条件的点都不在轨迹上。

Every point satisfying the conditions is on the locus and every point not satisfying the conditions is not on the locus.

知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1610
小提示:

轨迹证明必须同时证明“在轨迹上”与“满足条件”之间的两个方向

A locus proof needs both implications between “on the locus” and “satisfies the conditions”

大提示:

利用逆否命题判断每个选项是否证明了两个方向

Use contrapositives to see whether each choice establishes both directions

解答:

LL 表示“在轨迹上”,CC 表示“满足条件”。完整的证明需要同时证明 LCL\Rightarrow CCLC\Rightarrow L。选项 B 先陈述 ¬C¬L\neg C\Rightarrow\neg L,这只是 LCL\Rightarrow C 的逆否命题,随后又重复 LCL\Rightarrow C。它始终没有证明 CLC\Rightarrow L

因此,正确答案是 B

Let LL mean “on the locus” and CC mean “satisfies the conditions.” A complete proof needs both LCL\Rightarrow C and CL.C\Rightarrow L. Choice B states ¬C¬L,\neg C\Rightarrow\neg L, which is merely the contrapositive of LC,L\Rightarrow C, and then repeats LC.L\Rightarrow C. It never proves CL.C\Rightarrow L.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

37.

有一个数,除以 101099,除以 9988,除以 8877,依此类推,直到除以 2211。这个数是:

A number which when divided by 1010 leaves a remainder of 9,9, when divided by 99 leaves a remainder of 8,8, by 88 leaves a remainder of 7,7, etc., down to where, when divided by 2,2, it leaves a remainder of 1,1, is:

5959

419419

12591259

25192519

以上答案均不正确

None of these answers

难度评级:1580
小提示:

给所求数加 11,即可消去每个条件中的余数

Adding 11 to the desired number removes every listed remainder

大提示:

lcm(2,3,,10)\operatorname{lcm}(2,3,\ldots,10)

Find lcm(2,3,,10)\operatorname{lcm}(2,3,\ldots,10)

解答:

若这个数为 NN,则 N+1N+1 能被从 221010 的每个整数整除。这些整数的最小公倍数为 233257=2520 2^3\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7=2520\text{。}因此,满足所有条件的最小正数为 N=25201=2519N=2520-1=2519

因此,正确答案是 D

If the number is N,N, then N+1N+1 is divisible by every integer from 22 through 10.10. Their least common multiple is 233257=2520. 2^3\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7=2520. Thus the least positive number fitting all the conditions is N=25201=2519.N=2520-1=2519.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

38.

一条铁路要越过一座山,需要上升 600600 英尺。延长轨道并使其绕过山峰,可以降低坡度。要将坡度从 3%3\% 降至 2%2\%,大约需要增加多长的轨道?

A rise of 600600 feet is required to get a railroad line over a mountain. The grade can be kept down by lengthening the track and curving it around the mountain peak. The additional length of track required to reduce the grade from 3%3\% to 2%2\% is approximately:

10,00010{,}000 英尺

10,00010{,}000 ft.

20,00020{,}000 英尺

20,00020{,}000 ft.

30,00030{,}000 英尺

30,00030{,}000 ft.

12,00012{,}000 英尺

12,00012{,}000 ft.

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1410
小提示:

坡度等于上升高度除以轨道长度

Grade is rise divided by track length

大提示:

比较 6000.03\frac{600}{0.03}6000.02\frac{600}{0.02}

Compare 6000.03\frac{600}{0.03} with 6000.02\frac{600}{0.02}

解答:

3%3\% 的坡度需要约 6000.03=20,000\frac{600}{0.03}=20{,}000 英尺长的轨道,而 2%2\% 的坡度需要 6000.02=30,000\frac{600}{0.02}=30{,}000 英尺。需要增加的长度为 10,00010{,}000 英尺。

因此,正确答案是 A

A 3%3\% grade requires about 6000.03=20,000\frac{600}{0.03}=20{,}000 feet of track, while a 2%2\% grade requires 6000.02=30,000\frac{600}{0.02}=30{,}000 feet. The additional length is 10,00010{,}000 feet.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

39.

将一块石头投入井中,在投下后 7.77.7 秒听到石头撞击井底的声音。假设石头在 tt 秒内下落 16t216t^2 英尺,声速为每秒 11201120 英尺。井深为:

A stone is dropped into a well and the report of the stone striking the bottom is heard 7.77.7 seconds after it is dropped. Assume that the stone falls 16t216t^2 feet in tt seconds and that the velocity of sound is 11201120 feet per second. The depth of the well is:

784784 英尺

784784 ft.

342342 英尺

342342 ft.

15681568 英尺

15681568 ft.

156.8156.8 英尺

156.8156.8 ft.

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1670
小提示:

总时间等于石头下落时间加上声音传回井口的时间

The total time is the falling time plus the sound’s return time

大提示:

若下落时间为 tt,解方程 t+16t21120=7.7t+\dfrac{16t^2}{1120}=7.7

If the falling time is tt, solve t+16t21120=7.7t+\dfrac{16t^2}{1120}=7.7

解答:

若石头下落 tt 秒,则井深为 16t216t^2,声音传回井口所需的时间为 16t21120=t270\frac{16t^2}{1120}=\frac{t^2}{70} 秒。因此 t+t270=7.7 t+\frac{t^2}{70}=7.7\text{,}t2+70t539=0t^2+70t-539=0。正根为 t=7t=7,故井深为 16(72)=78416(7^2)=784 英尺。

因此,正确答案是 A

If the stone falls for tt seconds, the depth is 16t2,16t^2, and the sound takes 16t21120=t270\frac{16t^2}{1120}=\frac{t^2}{70} seconds to return. Hence t+t270=7.7, t+\frac{t^2}{70}=7.7, or t2+70t539=0.t^2+70t-539=0. The positive root is t=7,t=7, giving depth 16(72)=78416(7^2)=784 feet.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

40.

表达式 ((x+1)2(x2x+1)2(x3+1)2)2((x1)2(x2+x+1)2(x31)2)2 \begin{aligned} &\left(\frac{(x+1)^2(x^2-x+1)^2}{(x^3+1)^2}\right)^2\\ &\quad{}\cdot \left(\frac{(x-1)^2(x^2+x+1)^2}{(x^3-1)^2}\right)^2 \end{aligned} 等于:

The expression ((x+1)2(x2x+1)2(x3+1)2)2((x1)2(x2+x+1)2(x31)2)2 \begin{aligned} &\left(\frac{(x+1)^2(x^2-x+1)^2}{(x^3+1)^2}\right)^2\\ &\quad{}\cdot \left(\frac{(x-1)^2(x^2+x+1)^2}{(x^3-1)^2}\right)^2 \end{aligned} equals:

(x+1)4(x+1)^4

(x3+1)4(x^3+1)^4

11

[(x3+1)(x31)]2\big[(x^3+1)(x^3-1)\big]^2

[(x31)2]2\big[(x^3-1)^2\big]^2

难度评级:1400
小提示:

x3+1x^3+1x31x^3-1 因式分解

Factor x3+1x^3+1 and x31x^3-1

大提示:

使用 x3+1=(x+1)(x2x+1)x^3+1=(x+1)(x^2-x+1) 以及相应的立方差公式

Use x3+1=(x+1)(x2x+1)x^3+1=(x+1)(x^2-x+1) and the analogous difference formula

解答:

因为 x3+1=(x+1)(x2x+1),x31=(x1)(x2+x+1) \begin{aligned} x^3+1&=(x+1)(x^2-x+1),\\ x^3-1&=(x-1)(x^2+x+1) \end{aligned}\text{,}所以在原表达式有定义时,括号内的每个分式都等于 11。因此,二者平方后的乘积为 11

因此,正确答案是 C

Because x3+1=(x+1)(x2x+1),x31=(x1)(x2+x+1), \begin{aligned} x^3+1&=(x+1)(x^2-x+1),\\ x^3-1&=(x-1)(x^2+x+1), \end{aligned} each fraction inside parentheses equals 11 wherever the original expression is defined. Their squared product is therefore 1.1.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

41.

表中 xxyy 之间的关系可用下列哪个公式表示?

xx 22 33 44 55 66
yy 00 22 66 1212 2020

The formula expressing the relationship between xx and yy in the table is:

xx 22 33 44 55 66
yy 00 22 66 1212 2020

y=2x4y=2x-4

y=x23x+2y=x^2-3x+2

y=x33x2+2xy=x^3-3x^2+2x

y=x24xy=x^2-4x

y=x24y=x^2-4

难度评级:1390
小提示:

一阶差为 2,4,6,82,4,6,8,说明规律可能是二次式

The first differences 2,4,6,82,4,6,8 suggest a quadratic rule

大提示:

各个函数值都等于 (x1)(x2)(x-1)(x-2)

The values are (x1)(x2)(x-1)(x-2)

解答:

这些 yy 值可以自然地写成 0=10,2=21,6=32,12=43,20=54 \begin{gathered} 0=1\cdot0,\quad 2=2\cdot1,\quad 6=3\cdot2,\\ 12=4\cdot3,\quad 20=5\cdot4 \end{gathered}\text{。}因此 y=(x1)(x2)y=(x-1)(x-2),从而 y=x23x+2y=x^2-3x+2

因此,正确答案是 B

The yy-values factor naturally as 0=10,2=21,6=32,12=43,20=54. \begin{gathered} 0=1\cdot0,\quad 2=2\cdot1,\quad 6=3\cdot2,\\ 12=4\cdot3,\quad 20=5\cdot4. \end{gathered} Thus y=(x1)(x2)y=(x-1)(x-2) and hence y=x23x+2.y=x^2-3x+2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

42.

xx 等于 1+1+1+1+ \sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\cdots}}}}\text{,} 则:

If xx equals 1+1+1+1+, \sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\cdots}}}}, then:

x=1x=1

0<x<10\lt x\lt1

1<x<21\lt x\lt2

xx 是无穷大

xx is infinite

x>2x\gt2,但为有限值

x>2x\gt2 but finite

难度评级:1530
小提示:

第一层根号下又包含一个与 xx 相同的表达式

The expression under the first radical contains another copy of xx

大提示:

解方程 x=1+xx=\sqrt{1+x},并保留非负根

Solve x=1+xx=\sqrt{1+x} and keep the nonnegative root

解答:

由无限重复的尾部可得 x=1+xx=\sqrt{1+x},所以 x2x1=0 x^2-x-1=0\text{。}因为 x0x\ge0,所以 x=1+52x=\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2},该值严格位于 1122 之间。

因此,正确答案是 C

The repeating tail gives x=1+x,x=\sqrt{1+x}, so x2x1=0. x^2-x-1=0. Since x0,x\ge0, x=1+52,x=\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}, which lies strictly between 11 and 2.2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

43.

下列说法中,唯一不正确的是:

Of the following statements, the only one that is incorrect is:

不等式两边同时增加、减少、乘以或除以(除数不为零)同一个正数后,不等式仍然成立。

An inequality will remain true after each side is increased, decreased, multiplied, or divided (zero excluded) by the same positive quantity.

两个不相等正数的算术平均数大于其几何平均数。

The arithmetic mean of two unequal positive quantities is greater than their geometric mean.

两个正数的和一定时,二者相等时乘积最大。

If the sum of two positive quantities is given, their product is largest when they are equal.

aabb 是不相等的正数,则 12(a2+b2)\dfrac12(a^2+b^2) 大于 [12(a+b)]2\left[\dfrac12(a+b)\right]^2

If aa and bb are positive and unequal, 12(a2+b2)\dfrac12(a^2+b^2) is greater than [12(a+b)]2.\left[\dfrac12(a+b)\right]^2.

两个正数的乘积一定时,二者相等时和最大。

If the product of two positive quantities is given, their sum is greatest when they are equal.

难度评级:1450
小提示:

在正乘积固定时,比较两因数相等时的和与两因数越来越不相等时的和

For a fixed positive product, compare the sum at equality with sums from increasingly unequal factors

大提示:

乘积固定时,算术平均值与几何平均值不等式给出和的最小值,而不是最大值

AM-GM gives a minimum, not a maximum, for the sum when the product is fixed

解答:

uv=P>0uv=P\gt0,则 u+v2Pu+v\ge2\sqrt P,并在 u=vu=v 时取等号。因此,两数相等时得到的是最小的和。令 uu 任意增大,同时令 v=Puv=\frac{P}{u} 变小,二者之和可以无限增大,所以两数相等时和并非最大。

因此,正确答案是 E

If uv=P>0,uv=P\gt0, then u+v2P,u+v\ge2\sqrt P, with equality at u=v.u=v. Thus equality gives the least possible sum. The sum can grow without bound by taking uu large and v=Puv=\frac{P}{u} small, so it is not greatest at equality.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

44.

xyx+y=a\dfrac{xy}{x+y}=axzx+z=b\dfrac{xz}{x+z}=byzy+z=c\dfrac{yz}{y+z}=c,其中 aabbcc 均不为零,则 xx 等于:

If xyx+y=a,\dfrac{xy}{x+y}=a, xzx+z=b,\dfrac{xz}{x+z}=b, and yzy+z=c,\dfrac{yz}{y+z}=c, where a,a, b,b, cc are other than zero, then xx equals:

abcab+ac+bc\dfrac{abc}{ab+ac+bc}

2abcab+bc+ac\dfrac{2abc}{ab+bc+ac}

2abcab+acbc\dfrac{2abc}{ab+ac-bc}

2abcab+bcac\dfrac{2abc}{ab+bc-ac}

2abcac+bcab\dfrac{2abc}{ac+bc-ab}

难度评级:1830
小提示:

将三个已知等式都取倒数,使其成为关于 1x,1y,1z\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z} 的线性等式

Invert all three given equations to make them linear in 1x,1y,1z\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}

大提示:

计算 1b+1a1c=2x\dfrac1b+\dfrac1a-\dfrac1c=\dfrac2x

Compute 1b+1a1c=2x\dfrac1b+\dfrac1a-\dfrac1c=\dfrac2x

解答:

分别取倒数,得到 1x+1y=1a,1x+1z=1b,1y+1z=1c \begin{gathered} \frac1x+\frac1y=\frac1a,\\ \frac1x+\frac1z=\frac1b,\\ \frac1y+\frac1z=\frac1c \end{gathered}\text{。}将前两式相加,再减去第三式,得到 2x=1a+1b1c=ac+bcababc \begin{aligned} \frac2x &=\frac1a+\frac1b-\frac1c\\ &=\frac{ac+bc-ab}{abc} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 x=2abcac+bcabx=\dfrac{2abc}{ac+bc-ab}

因此,正确答案是 E

Inverting gives 1x+1y=1a,1x+1z=1b,1y+1z=1c. \begin{gathered} \frac1x+\frac1y=\frac1a,\\ \frac1x+\frac1z=\frac1b,\\ \frac1y+\frac1z=\frac1c. \end{gathered} Adding the first two and subtracting the third yields 2x=1a+1b1c=ac+bcababc. \begin{aligned} \frac2x &=\frac1a+\frac1b-\frac1c\\ &=\frac{ac+bc-ab}{abc}. \end{aligned} Hence x=2abcac+bcab.x=\dfrac{2abc}{ac+bc-ab}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

45.

已知 log8=0.9031\log 8=0.9031log9=0.9542\log 9=0.9542,则下列唯一不能在不查表的情况下求出的对数是:

If you are given log8=0.9031\log 8=0.9031 and log9=0.9542,\log 9=0.9542, then the only logarithm that cannot be found without the use of tables is:

log17\log 17

log(54)\log(\frac{5}{4})

log15\log 15

log600\log 600

log0.4\log 0.4

难度评级:1470
小提示:

两个已知值可以确定 log2\log2log3\log3

The two given values determine log2\log2 and log3\log3

大提示:

使用 log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2,再判断哪个选项含有 2,3,52,3,5 以外的质因数

Use log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2, then see which choice has a prime factor other than 2,3,52,3,5

解答:

由已知条件,log2=13log8,log3=12log9 \begin{gathered} \log2=\frac13\log8,\\ \log3=\frac12\log9 \end{gathered}\text{,}并且 log5=1log2\log5=1-\log2。因此,可以求出由 2,3,52,3,5 的幂相乘或相除所得各数的对数。1717 不含这些质因数中的任何一个,所以仅凭已知条件不能确定其对数。

因此,正确答案是 A

From the data, log2=13log8,log3=12log9, \begin{gathered} \log2=\frac13\log8,\\ \log3=\frac12\log9, \end{gathered} and log5=1log2.\log5=1-\log2. Therefore logarithms of products and quotients of powers of 2,3,52,3,5 can be computed. The number 1717 has none of those prime factors, so its logarithm is not determined by the data.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

46.

AB\overline{AB} 是圆心为 OO 的圆的一条固定直径。从圆上任意一点 CC 作弦 CD\overline{CD},使其垂直于 AB\overline{AB}。当 CC 在一个半圆上移动时,角 OCDOCD 的平分线与圆相交于一点,该点始终:

AB\overline{AB} is a fixed diameter of a circle whose center is O.O. From C,C, any point on the circle, a chord CD\overline{CD} is drawn perpendicular to AB.\overline{AB}. Then, as CC moves over a semicircle, the bisector of angle OCDOCD cuts the circle in a point that always:

平分弧 ABAB

Bisects the arc ABAB

三等分弧 ABAB

Trisects the arc ABAB

位置随之变化

Varies

AB\overline{AB} 的距离与到 DD 的距离相等

Is as far from AB\overline{AB} as from DD

BBCC 的距离相等

Is equidistant from BB and CC

知识点:角平分线
难度评级:1880
小提示:

延长 CO\overline{CO} 过圆心,交圆于另一点 EE

Extend CO\overline{CO} through the center to the opposite point EE of the circle

大提示:

因为 CECE 是直径且 CDABCD\perp AB,所以 CC 点处的角平分线平分弧 DEDE

Because CECE is a diameter and CDAB,CD\perp AB, the angle bisector at CC bisects arc DEDE

解答:

延长 COCO,使其再次交圆于 EE。因为 CECE 是直径,所以 CDE=90\angle CDE=90^\circ。又因为 CDABCD\perp AB,所以 DEABDE\parallel AB。若 OCD=ECD\angle OCD=\angle ECD 的平分线交圆于 PP,则相等的圆周角所对弧相等,故 EP=PDEP=PD。由于平行弦 DEDE 的两个端点关于固定直径 ABAB 对称分布,其弧中点 PP 就是弧 ABAB 的中点。

因此,正确答案是 A

Extend COCO to meet the circle again at E.E. Since CECE is a diameter, CDE=90.\angle CDE=90^\circ. Also CDAB,CD\perp AB, so DEAB.DE\parallel AB. If the bisector of OCD=ECD\angle OCD=\angle ECD meets the circle at P,P, equal inscribed angles give equal arcs EP=PD.EP=PD. Because the parallel chord DEDE has endpoints symmetrically placed relative to the fixed diameter AB,AB, their arc midpoint PP is the midpoint of arc AB.AB.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

47.

rrss 是方程 ax2+bx+c=0ax^2+bx+c=0 的根,则 1r2+1s2\dfrac1{r^2}+\dfrac1{s^2} 的值为:

If rr and ss are the roots of the equation ax2+bx+c=0,ax^2+bx+c=0, the value of 1r2+1s2\dfrac1{r^2}+\dfrac1{s^2} is:

b24acb^2-4ac

b24ac2a\dfrac{b^2-4ac}{2a}

b24acc2\dfrac{b^2-4ac}{c^2}

b22acc2\dfrac{b^2-2ac}{c^2}

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1530
小提示:

将表达式通分,使其公分母为 r2s2r^2s^2

Write the expression over the common denominator r2s2r^2s^2

大提示:

使用 r+s=bar+s=-\frac{b}{a}rs=cars=\frac{c}{a}

Use r+s=bar+s=-\frac{b}{a} and rs=cars=\frac{c}{a}

解答:

由韦达定理,r+s=ba,rs=ca r+s=-\frac ba,\qquad rs=\frac ca\text{。}因此 1r2+1s2=(r+s)22rs(rs)2=b22acc2 \begin{aligned} \frac1{r^2}+\frac1{s^2} &=\frac{(r+s)^2-2rs}{(rs)^2}\\ &=\frac{b^2-2ac}{c^2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

By Vieta’s formulas, r+s=ba,rs=ca. r+s=-\frac ba,\qquad rs=\frac ca. Therefore 1r2+1s2=(r+s)22rs(rs)2=b22acc2. \begin{aligned} \frac1{r^2}+\frac1{s^2} &=\frac{(r+s)^2-2rs}{(rs)^2}\\ &=\frac{b^2-2ac}{c^2}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

48.

内接于半圆的正方形面积与内接于整圆的正方形面积之比为:

The area of a square inscribed in a semicircle is to the area of the square inscribed in the entire circle as:

1:21:2

2:32:3

2:52:5

3:43:4

3:53:5

难度评级:1470
小提示:

设圆的半径为 RR,内接于半圆的正方形边长为 ss

Let the circle have radius RR and the semicircle-square have side ss

大提示:

对于内接于半圆的正方形,由一个上顶点可得 (s2)2+s2=R2(\frac{s}{2})^2+s^2=R^2

For the semicircle-square, a top vertex gives (s2)2+s2=R2(\frac{s}{2})^2+s^2=R^2

解答:

对于内接于半圆的正方形,将其底边放在直径上。一个上顶点到圆心的水平距离为 s2\frac{s}{2},竖直距离为 ss,所以 (s2)2+s2=R2 \left(\frac s2\right)^2+s^2=R^2\text{,}得到 s2=4R25s^2=\frac{4R^2}{5}。内接于整圆的正方形对角线长为 2R2R,故面积为 2R22R^2。所求比为 4R252R2=25 \frac{\frac{4R^2}{5}}{2R^2}=\frac25\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

For the square in the semicircle, put its base on the diameter. A top vertex has horizontal distance s2\frac{s}{2} from the center and vertical distance s,s, so (s2)2+s2=R2, \left(\frac s2\right)^2+s^2=R^2, giving s2=4R25.s^2=\frac{4R^2}{5}. A square inscribed in the full circle has diagonal 2R,2R, hence area 2R2.2R^2. The ratio is 4R252R2=25. \frac{\frac{4R^2}{5}}{2R^2}=\frac25.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

49.

从一个直角三角形的两个锐角顶点所作的中线长分别为 5540\sqrt{40}。斜边长为:

The medians of a right triangle which are drawn from the vertices of the acute angles are 55 and 40.\sqrt{40}. The value of the hypotenuse is:

1010

2402\sqrt{40}

13\sqrt{13}

2132\sqrt{13}

以上答案均不正确

None of these

难度评级:1930
小提示:

设两条直角边为 a,ba,b,并将直角置于二者的公共端点

Let the legs be a,ba,b and place the right angle at their common endpoint

大提示:

由两条中线的长度可得 a2+b24=25a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}=25a24+b2=40\frac{a^2}{4}+b^2=40

The two median lengths give a2+b24=25a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}=25 and a24+b2=40\frac{a^2}{4}+b^2=40

解答:

设两条直角边为 a,ba,b。从其相对的锐角顶点所作中线的长度平方满足 a2+b24=25,a24+b2=40 a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}=25,\qquad \frac{a^2}{4}+b^2=40\text{。}解得 a2=16a^2=16b2=36b^2=36。因此,斜边 cc 满足 c2=a2+b2=52 c^2=a^2+b^2=52\text{,}所以 c=213c=2\sqrt{13}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the legs be a,b.a,b. The medians from their opposite acute vertices have squared lengths a2+b24=25,a24+b2=40. a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}=25,\qquad \frac{a^2}{4}+b^2=40. Solving gives a2=16a^2=16 and b2=36.b^2=36. Thus the hypotenuse cc satisfies c2=a2+b2=52, c^2=a^2+b^2=52, so c=213.c=2\sqrt{13}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

50.

汤姆、迪克和哈里一起开始一段 100100 英里的旅程。汤姆与哈里乘汽车,以每小时 2525 英里的速度前进;迪克则以每小时 55 英里的速度步行。行驶一段距离后,哈里下车,改以每小时 55 英里的速度继续步行;汤姆掉头去接迪克,并使迪克与哈里同时到达终点。整个旅程所需的小时数为:

Tom, Dick, and Harry started out on a 100100-mile journey. Tom and Harry went by automobile at the rate of 2525 mph, while Dick walked at the rate of 55 mph. After a certain distance, Harry got off and walked on at 55 mph, while Tom went back for Dick and got him to the destination at the same time that Harry arrived. The number of hours required for the trip was:

55

66

77

88

以上答案均不正确

None of these answers

难度评级:2100
小提示:

将汽车的行程分为最初向前行驶、返回接迪克以及最后再次向前行驶三段

Separate the car’s motion into the first forward trip, the return for Dick, and the final forward trip

大提示:

若三段时间为 t1,t2,t3t_1,t_2,t_3,分别为汽车、迪克和哈里写出一个路程为 100100 英里的方程

If those times are t1,t2,t3t_1,t_2,t_3, write one 100100-mile equation for the car, Dick, and Harry

解答:

t1,t2,t3t_1,t_2,t_3 分别为哈里下车前汽车行驶的时间、汽车返回接迪克的时间以及汽车载着迪克向前行驶的时间。汽车、迪克和哈里各自行进 100100 英里,因此 25t125t2+25t3=100,5t1+5t2+25t3=100,25t1+5t2+5t3=100 \begin{aligned} 25t_1-25t_2+25t_3&=100,\\ 5t_1+5t_2+25t_3&=100,\\ 25t_1+5t_2+5t_3&=100 \end{aligned}\text{。}各式除以 55 并求解,得到 t1=3, t2=2, t3=3t_1=3,\ t_2=2,\ t_3=3。因此,他们共同的行程时间为 t1+t2+t3=8t_1+t_2+t_3=8 小时。

因此,正确答案是 D

Let t1,t2,t3t_1,t_2,t_3 be the car’s times before Harry leaves it, while it returns for Dick, and while it carries Dick forward. The car, Dick, and Harry each cover 100100 miles, giving 25t125t2+25t3=100,5t1+5t2+25t3=100,25t1+5t2+5t3=100. \begin{aligned} 25t_1-25t_2+25t_3&=100,\\ 5t_1+5t_2+25t_3&=100,\\ 25t_1+5t_2+5t_3&=100. \end{aligned} Dividing by 55 and solving yields t1=3, t2=2, t3=3.t_1=3,\ t_2=2,\ t_3=3. Therefore the common travel time is t1+t2+t3=8t_1+t_2+t_3=8 hours.

Thus, the correct answer is D.