1955 AMC 12 第 45 题

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45.

给定一个首项 0\ne0r0r\ne0 的等比数列,以及一个首项 =0=0 的等差数列。将这两个数列的对应项相加,得到第三个数列 111122\ldots。第三个数列前十项的和为:

Given a geometric sequence with the first term 0\ne0 and r0r\ne0 and an arithmetic sequence with the first term =0.=0. A third sequence 1,1, 1,1, 2,2, \ldots is formed by adding corresponding terms of the two given sequences. The sum of the first ten terms of the third sequence is:

978978

557557

467467

10681068

无法由已知信息确定

not possible to determine from the information given

答案:A
知识点:等比数列等差数列systems of equations
难度评级:1930
小提示:

将两个数列分别写成 a,ar,ar2,a,ar,ar^2,\ldots0,d,2d,0,d,2d,\ldots

Write the two sequences as a,ar,ar2,a,ar,ar^2,\ldots and 0,d,2d,0,d,2d,\ldots

大提示:

利用前三项之和以及条件 r0r\ne0 求出 a,r,da,r,d

Use the first three sums and the condition r0r\ne0 to determine a,r,da,r,d

解答:

前三个对应项之和给出 a=1,r+d=1,r2+2d=2 \begin{aligned} a&=1,\\ r+d&=1,\\ r^2+2d&=2 \end{aligned}\text{。}代入 d=1rd=1-r,得 r(r2)=0r(r-2)=0。由于 r0r\ne0,所以 r=2r=2,且 d=1d=-1。等比数列前十项之和为 2101=10232^{10}-1=1023,等差数列前十项之和为 019=450-1-\cdots-9=-45。两者之和为 102345=9781023-45=978

因此,正确答案是 A

The first three termwise sums give a=1,r+d=1,r2+2d=2. \begin{aligned} a&=1,\\ r+d&=1,\\ r^2+2d&=2. \end{aligned} Substituting d=1rd=1-r yields r(r2)=0.r(r-2)=0. Since r0,r\ne0, we have r=2r=2 and d=1.d=-1. The first ten geometric terms sum to 2101=1023,2^{10}-1=1023, while the first ten arithmetic terms sum to 019=45.0-1-\cdots-9=-45. Their combined sum is 102345=978.1023-45=978.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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