1955 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

下列哪一个不等于 0.0000003750.000000375

Which one of the following is not equivalent to 0.000000375?0.000000375?

3.75×1073.75\times10^{-7}

334×1073\dfrac34\times10^{-7}

375×109375\times10^{-9}

38×107\dfrac38\times10^{-7}

38000000\dfrac{3}{8000000}

知识点:scientific notationdecimal conversionequivalent forms
难度评级:960
小提示:

把每个选项都改写成含同一个 1010 的幂的形式

Rewrite every choice with the same power of 1010

大提示:

这个小数等于 3.75×1073.75\times10^{-7}

The decimal is 3.75×1073.75\times10^{-7}

解答:

给定的小数为 3.75×1073.75\times10^{-7}。选项 A 和 B 直接表示这个数,而 375×109=3.75×107 375\times10^{-9}=3.75\times10^{-7} 38×106\frac38\times10^{-6} =0.375×106=0.375\times10^{-6} =3.75×107=3.75\times10^{-7}。但是 38×107=3.75×108 \frac38\times10^{-7}=3.75\times10^{-8}\text{,}它小了十倍。

因此,正确答案是 D

The given decimal is 3.75×107.3.75\times10^{-7}. Choices A and B state this directly, while 375×109=3.75×107 375\times10^{-9}=3.75\times10^{-7} and 38×106\frac38\times10^{-6} =0.375×106=0.375\times10^{-6} =3.75×107.=3.75\times10^{-7}. But 38×107=3.75×108, \frac38\times10^{-7}=3.75\times10^{-8}, which is ten times smaller.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

2.

下午 12:2512{:}25 时,钟表两针之间的较小夹角为:

The smaller angle between the hands of a clock at 12:2512{:}25 p.m. is:

13230132^\circ30'

13730137^\circ30'

150150^\circ

13732137^\circ32'

137137^\circ

难度评级:1260
小提示:

2525 分钟内,分针转过 150150^\circ

In 2525 minutes, the minute hand moves 150150^\circ

大提示:

时针每分钟转过 0.50.5^\circ

The hour hand moves 0.50.5^\circ per minute

解答:

12:2512{:}25,分针已从 1212 点方向转过 256=15025\cdot6^\circ=150^\circ,而时针转过 250.5=12.525\cdot0.5^\circ=12.5^\circ。两针之间的较小夹角为 15012.5=137.5=13730 150^\circ-12.5^\circ=137.5^\circ=137^\circ30'\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

At 12:25,12{:}25, the minute hand is 256=15025\cdot6^\circ=150^\circ past 12,12, while the hour hand is 250.5=12.5.25\cdot0.5^\circ=12.5^\circ. Their smaller separation is 15012.5=137.5=13730. 150^\circ-12.5^\circ=137.5^\circ=137^\circ30'.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

3.

若一组十个数中的每个数都增加 2020,则原来这十个数的算术平均数:

If each number in a set of ten numbers is increased by 20,20, the arithmetic mean (average) of the original ten numbers:

保持不变

remains the same

增加 2020

is increased by 2020

增加 200200

is increased by 200200

增加 1010

is increased by 1010

增加 22

is increased by 22

难度评级:800
小提示:

将这十个数都增加二十,会使它们的和增加 102010\cdot20

Increasing all ten entries adds 102010\cdot20 to their sum

大提示:

新的总和仍要除以 1010

The new total is still divided by 1010

解答:

若原来的总和为 SS,则新的总和为 S+1020S+10\cdot20。因此新的平均数为 S+20010=S10+20 \frac{S+200}{10}=\frac S{10}+20\text{。}所以平均数增加了 2020

因此,正确答案是 B

If the original sum is S,S, the new sum is S+1020.S+10\cdot20. Hence the new mean is S+20010=S10+20. \frac{S+200}{10}=\frac S{10}+20. The mean is increased by 20.20.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

满足等式 1x1=2x2\dfrac1{x-1}=\dfrac2{x-2} 的是:

The equality 1x1=2x2\dfrac1{x-1}=\dfrac2{x-2} is satisfied by:

不存在实数 xx

no real values of xx

x=1x=1x=2x=2

either x=1x=1 or x=2x=2

x=1x=1

only x=1x=1

x=2x=2

only x=2x=2

x=0x=0

only x=0x=0

难度评级:1060
小提示:

交叉相乘,同时记住 x1,2x\ne1,2

Cross-multiply, while remembering that x1,2x\ne1,2

大提示:

x2=2x2x-2=2x-2

Solve x2=2x2x-2=2x-2

解答:

x1,2x\ne1,2 时,交叉相乘得 x2=2(x1)=2x2 x-2=2(x-1)=2x-2\text{,}所以 x=0x=0。此值使原等式中的两个分母都不为零,并且满足等式。

因此,正确答案是 E

For x1,2,x\ne1,2, cross-multiplication gives x2=2(x1)=2x2, x-2=2(x-1)=2x-2, so x=0.x=0. This value makes both original denominators nonzero and satisfies the equality.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

5.

yyxx 的平方成反比。当 y=16y=16 时,x=1x=1。当 x=8x=8 时,yy 等于:

yy varies inversely as the square of x.x. When y=16,y=16, x=1.x=1. When x=8,x=8, yy equals:

22

128128

6464

14\dfrac14

10241024

难度评级:920
小提示:

将反比关系写成 y=kx2y=\frac{k}{x^2}

Write the variation as y=kx2y=\frac{k}{x^2}

大提示:

用第一对数值求出 kk

Use the first pair of values to determine kk

解答:

平方反比关系给出 y=kx2y=\frac{k}{x^2}。由于 16=k1216=\frac{k}{1^2},所以 k=16k=16。当 x=8x=8 时,y=1682=14 y=\frac{16}{8^2}=\frac14\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Inverse-square variation gives y=kx2.y=\frac{k}{x^2}. Since 16=k12,16=\frac{k}{1^2}, we have k=16.k=16. At x=8,x=8, y=1682=14. y=\frac{16}{8^2}=\frac14.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

6.

一名商人按每 331010¢ 的价格买入一些橙子,又按每 552020¢ 的价格买入同样多的橙子。为了“收支相抵”,他必须把所有橙子按下列哪个价格卖出?

A merchant buys a number of oranges at 33 for 1010¢ and an equal number at 55 for 2020¢. To “break even” he must sell all at:

883030¢

88 for 3030¢

331111¢

33 for 1111¢

551818¢

55 for 1818¢

11114040¢

1111 for 4040¢

13135050¢

1313 for 5050¢

难度评级:1210
小提示:

每次等量购买时都取 1515 个橙子,使两种报价都能整除

Use 1515 oranges in each equal-sized purchase so that both quoted rates divide evenly

大提示:

3030 个橙子的总成本与各个拟定售价比较

Compare the total cost of 3030 oranges with each proposed selling rate

解答:

假设他按每种价格各买 1515 个橙子。前 1515 个花费 5050¢,后 1515 个花费 6060¢,总计 110110¢。因此 3030 个橙子必须卖 110110¢,这等价于每 33 个卖 1111¢。

因此,正确答案是 B

Suppose he buys 1515 oranges at each rate. The first 1515 cost 5050¢ and the second 1515 cost 6060¢, for 110110¢ total. Thus 3030 oranges must sell for 110110¢, which is equivalent to 33 for 1111¢.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

7.

若一名工人的工资降低 2020%,那么要恰好恢复到原工资,他需要获得多大幅度的加薪?

If a worker receives a 2020 percent cut in wages, he may regain his original pay exactly by obtaining a raise of:

2020%

2020 percent

2525%

2525 percent

221222\dfrac12%

221222\dfrac12 percent

$20\$20

$25\$25

难度评级:920
小提示:

降薪后,工资是原来的 80%80\%

After the cut, the wage is 80%80\% of the original

大提示:

求原工资少掉的 20%20\% 占降薪后工资的百分比

Find the percent of the reduced wage represented by the missing 20%20\% of the original

解答:

若原工资为 WW,则降薪后的工资为 0.8W0.8W。所需增加额为 0.2W0.2W,它占降薪后工资的比例为 0.2W0.8W=14=25% \frac{0.2W}{0.8W}=\frac14=25\%\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

If the original wage is W,W, the reduced wage is 0.8W.0.8W. The needed increase is 0.2W,0.2W, which as a fraction of the reduced wage is 0.2W0.8W=14=25%. \frac{0.2W}{0.8W}=\frac14=25\%.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

方程 x24y2=0x^2-4y^2=0 的图形:

The graph of x24y2=0:x^2-4y^2=0:

是只与 xx 轴相交的双曲线

is a hyperbola intersecting only the xx-axis

是只与 yy 轴相交的双曲线

is a hyperbola intersecting only the yy-axis

是与两条坐标轴都不相交的双曲线

is a hyperbola intersecting neither axis

是一对直线

is a pair of straight lines

不存在

does not exist

难度评级:1260
小提示:

将平方差因式分解

Factor the difference of squares

大提示:

两个一次因式的乘积为零时,至少有一个因式为零

A product is zero when at least one of its two linear factors is zero

解答:

因式分解得 x24y2=(x2y)(x+2y) x^2-4y^2=(x-2y)(x+2y)\text{。}因此图形是直线 x=2yx=2yx=2yx=-2y 的并集。

正确答案是 D

Factoring, x24y2=(x2y)(x+2y). x^2-4y^2=(x-2y)(x+2y). Thus the graph is the union of the two straight lines x=2yx=2y and x=2y.x=-2y.

The correct answer is D.

9.

一个圆内切于边长分别为 8815151717 的三角形。该圆的半径为:

A circle is inscribed in a triangle with sides 8,8, 15,15, and 17.17. The radius of the circle is:

66

22

55

33

77

难度评级:1210
小提示:

这三个边长构成勾股数

The side lengths form a Pythagorean triple

大提示:

对直角三角形,r=a+bc2r=\frac{a+b-c}{2}

For a right triangle, r=a+bc2r=\frac{a+b-c}{2}

解答:

因为 82+152=1728^2+15^2=17^2,所以这个三角形是直角三角形。其内切圆半径为 r=8+15172=3 r=\frac{8+15-17}{2}=3\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Because 82+152=172,8^2+15^2=17^2, the triangle is right. Its inradius is r=8+15172=3. r=\frac{8+15-17}{2}=3.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

10.

一列火车在各站之间以平均每小时 4040 英里的速度行驶。若它要行驶 aa 英里,并停靠 nn 次、每次 mm 分钟,那么全程需要多少小时?

How many hours does it take a train traveling at an average rate of 4040 mph between stops to travel aa miles if it makes nn stops of mm minutes each?

3a+2mn120\dfrac{3a+2mn}{120}

3a+2mn3a+2mn

3a+2mn12\dfrac{3a+2mn}{12}

a+mn40\dfrac{a+mn}{40}

a+40mn40\dfrac{a+40mn}{40}

难度评级:1410
小提示:

行驶时间为 a40\frac{a}{40} 小时

The moving time is a40\frac{a}{40} hours

大提示:

相加前,先把总停靠时间 mnmn 从分钟换算成小时

Convert the total stopping time mnmn from minutes to hours before adding

解答:

火车行驶 a40\frac{a}{40} 小时,停靠 mn60\frac{mn}{60} 小时。因此总时间为 a40+mn60=3a+2mn120 \frac a{40}+\frac{mn}{60} =\frac{3a+2mn}{120}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The train moves for a40\frac{a}{40} hours and is stopped for mn60\frac{mn}{60} hours. Hence the total time is a40+mn60=3a+2mn120. \frac a{40}+\frac{mn}{60} =\frac{3a+2mn}{120}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

11.

命题“没有学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读”的否定是:

The negation of the statement “No slow learners attend this school,” is:

所有学习迟缓的学生都在这所学校就读。

All slow learners attend this school.

所有学习迟缓的学生都不在这所学校就读。

All slow learners do not attend this school.

有些学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读。

Some slow learners attend this school.

有些学习迟缓的学生不在这所学校就读。

Some slow learners do not attend this school.

没有学习迟缓的学生不在这所学校就读。

No slow learners do not attend this school.

难度评级:1060
小提示:

“没有”表示连一个这样的例子都不存在

“No” means that there does not exist even one example

大提示:

否定一个全称排除命题,就是断言存在一个反例

Negating a universal exclusion asserts the existence of a counterexample

解答:

原命题表示所有学习迟缓的学生都不在这所学校就读。它的否定是至少有一名学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读。

因此,“有些学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读”是正确的,所以答案是 C

The original statement says that every slow learner is absent from the school. Its negation is that at least one slow learner attends the school.

Thus, “Some slow learners attend this school” is correct, so the answer is C.

12.

方程 5x1+x1=2\sqrt{5x-1}+\sqrt{x-1}=2 的解为:

The solution of 5x1+x1=2\sqrt{5x-1}+\sqrt{x-1}=2 is:

x=2x=2x=1x=1

x=2,x=2, x=1x=1

x=23x=\dfrac23

x=2x=2

x=1x=1

x=0x=0

难度评级:1570
小提示:

根式 x1\sqrt{x-1} 的实数定义域要求 x1x\ge1

The real-domain restriction x1\sqrt{x-1} gives x1x\ge1

大提示:

在把方程两边平方之前,先检验最简单的端点

Test the simplest endpoint before squaring the equation

解答:

定义域要求 x1x\ge1。当 x=1x=1 时,左边为 2+0=22+0=2,所以 x=1x=1 是一个解。要说明没有其他解,注意当 x1x\ge1 时,两个根式都不减,而 5x1\sqrt{5x-1} 严格递增。因此,对每个 x>1x>1,两个根式之和都大于 22

因此,正确答案是 D

The domain requires x1.x\ge1. At x=1,x=1, the left side is 2+0=2,2+0=2, so x=1x=1 works. To see that there is no other solution, note that both radicals are nondecreasing for x1,x\ge1, and 5x1\sqrt{5x-1} is strictly increasing. Therefore the sum exceeds 22 for every x>1.x>1.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

13.

分式 a4b4a2b2\dfrac{a^{-4}-b^{-4}}{a^{-2}-b^{-2}} 等于:

The fraction a4b4a2b2\dfrac{a^{-4}-b^{-4}}{a^{-2}-b^{-2}} is equal to:

a6b6a^{-6}-b^{-6}

a2b2a^{-2}-b^{-2}

a2+b2a^{-2}+b^{-2}

a2+b2a^2+b^2

a2b2a^2-b^2

难度评级:1280
小提示:

a4b4a^{-4}-b^{-4} 看作平方差

Regard a4b4a^{-4}-b^{-4} as a difference of squares

大提示:

a2a^{-2}b2b^{-2} 将它因式分解

Factor it using a2a^{-2} and b2b^{-2}

解答:

将分子因式分解:a4b4=(a2b2)(a2+b2) \begin{aligned} a^{-4}-b^{-4} &=(a^{-2}-b^{-2})\\ &\quad\cdot(a^{-2}+b^{-2}) \end{aligned}\text{。}在原分式有定义的情况下,约去公因式后得到 a2+b2a^{-2}+b^{-2}

因此,正确答案是 C

Factoring the numerator, a4b4=(a2b2)(a2+b2). \begin{aligned} a^{-4}-b^{-4} &=(a^{-2}-b^{-2})\\ &\quad\cdot(a^{-2}+b^{-2}). \end{aligned} Where the original fraction is defined, canceling the common factor leaves a2+b2.a^{-2}+b^{-2}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

14.

矩形 RR 的长比正方形 SS 的边长多 1010%,矩形的宽比正方形的边长少 1010%。两者面积之比 R:SR:S 为:

The length of rectangle RR is 1010 percent more than the side of square S.S. The width of the rectangle is 1010 percent less than the side of the square. The ratio of the areas, R:S,R:S, is:

99:10099:100

101:100101:100

1:11:1

199:200199:200

201:200201:200

难度评级:1180
小提示:

设正方形的边长为 ss

Let the square’s side length be ss

大提示:

矩形的面积为 (1.1s)(0.9s)(1.1s)(0.9s)

The rectangle’s area is (1.1s)(0.9s)(1.1s)(0.9s)

解答:

若正方形的边长为 ss,则矩形的长和宽分别为 1.1s1.1s0.9s0.9s。因此 [R][S]=(1.1s)(0.9s)s2=0.99=99100 \begin{aligned} \frac{[R]}{[S]} &=\frac{(1.1s)(0.9s)}{s^2}\\ &=0.99=\frac{99}{100} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

If the square side is s,s, then the rectangle has dimensions 1.1s1.1s and 0.9s.0.9s. Therefore [R][S]=(1.1s)(0.9s)s2=0.99=99100. \begin{aligned} \frac{[R]}{[S]} &=\frac{(1.1s)(0.9s)}{s^2}\\ &=0.99=\frac{99}{100}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

15.

两个同心圆的面积之比为 1:31:3。若较小圆的半径为 rr,两圆半径之差最接近:

The ratio of the areas of two concentric circles is 1:3.1:3. If the radius of the smaller is r,r, then the difference between the radii is best approximated by:

0.41r0.41r

0.730.73

0.750.75

0.73r0.73r

0.75r0.75r

难度评级:1280
小提示:

面积之比等于半径之比的平方

Area ratios are the squares of radius ratios

大提示:

较大圆的半径为 r3r\sqrt3,所以估算 31\sqrt3-1

The larger radius is r3r\sqrt3, so estimate 31\sqrt3-1

解答:

若较大圆的半径为 RR,则 πr2πR2=13 \frac{\pi r^2}{\pi R^2}=\frac13\text{,}所以 R=r3R=r\sqrt3。两半径之差为 Rr=(31)r0.732r R-r=(\sqrt3-1)r\approx0.732r\text{。}

因此,最佳近似值为 0.73r0.73r,正确答案是 D

If the larger radius is R,R, then πr2πR2=13, \frac{\pi r^2}{\pi R^2}=\frac13, so R=r3.R=r\sqrt3. The difference is Rr=(31)r0.732r. R-r=(\sqrt3-1)r\approx0.732r.

Thus, the best approximation is 0.73r,0.73r, and the correct answer is D.

16.

a=4a=4b=4b=-4 时,3a+b\dfrac3{a+b} 的值为:

The value of 3a+b\dfrac3{a+b} when a=4a=4 and b=4b=-4 is:

33

38\dfrac38

00

任意有限数

any finite number

无意义

meaningless

难度评级:1060
小提示:

先把两个给定值代入分母

Substitute the two given values into the denominator first

大提示:

分母为 00 的分式没有定义

A fraction with denominator 00 is undefined

解答:

代入得 a+b=4+(4)=0a+b=4+(-4)=0。因此原式变为 30\frac{3}{0},它没有定义。

因此,这个式子无意义,正确答案是 E

Substitution gives a+b=4+(4)=0.a+b=4+(-4)=0. Hence the expression becomes 30,\frac{3}{0}, which is undefined.

Thus, the expression is meaningless and the correct answer is E.

17.

logx5log3=2\log x-5\log3=-2,则 xx 等于:

If logx5log3=2,\log x-5\log3=-2, then xx equals:

1.251.25

0.810.81

2.432.43

0.80.8

0.80.81.251.25

either 0.80.8 or 1.251.25

难度评级:1260
小提示:

5log35\log3 移到等式另一边

Move 5log35\log3 to the other side

大提示:

利用 2=log102-2=\log10^{-2} 并合并对数

Use 2=log102-2=\log10^{-2} and combine logarithms

解答:

使用常用对数,logx=5log32=log(35)log100=log(243100) \begin{aligned} \log x&=5\log3-2\\ &=\log(3^5)-\log100\\ &=\log\left(\frac{243}{100}\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 x=2.43x=2.43

正确答案是 C

Using common logarithms, logx=5log32=log(35)log100=log(243100). \begin{aligned} \log x&=5\log3-2\\ &=\log(3^5)-\log100\\ &=\log\left(\frac{243}{100}\right). \end{aligned} Therefore x=2.43.x=2.43.

The correct answer is C.

18.

方程 x2+2x3+3=0x^2+2x\sqrt3+3=0 的判别式为零。因此,它的根是:

The discriminant of the equation x2+2x3+3=0x^2+2x\sqrt3+3=0 is zero. Hence, its roots are:

相等的实数

real and equal

相等的有理数

rational and equal

不相等的有理数

rational and unequal

不相等的无理数

irrational and unequal

虚数

imaginary

难度评级:1150
小提示:

在判别式项为零时使用求根公式

Use the quadratic formula with the discriminant term equal to zero

大提示:

然后判断所得数值 b2a-\frac{b}{2a} 属于题目所列的哪一类

Then inspect the resulting value b2a-\frac{b}{2a} for the requested classifications

解答:

由于判别式为零,求根公式两次都给出 x=232=3 x=\frac{-2\sqrt3}{2}=-\sqrt3\text{。}这个根是无理数,但题目所列的适用描述是“相等的实数”。

因此,正确答案是 A

The quadratic formula gives x=232=3 x=\frac{-2\sqrt3}{2}=-\sqrt3 twice because the discriminant is zero. The root is irrational, but the requested description that applies is “real and equal.”

Thus, the correct answer is A.

19.

两个数的和为 66,差的绝对值为 88。以这两个数为根的方程是:

Two numbers whose sum is 66 and the absolute value of whose difference is 88 are roots of the equation:

x26x+7=0x^2-6x+7=0

x26x7=0x^2-6x-7=0

x2+6x8=0x^2+6x-8=0

x26x+8=0x^2-6x+8=0

x2+6x7=0x^2+6x-7=0

难度评级:1410
小提示:

先确定两数的大小顺序,再解 u+v=6u+v=6uv=8u-v=8

Solve u+v=6u+v=6 and uv=8u-v=8 after choosing an order

大提示:

u,vu,v 为根的首一二次多项式为 x2(u+v)x+uvx^2-(u+v)x+uv

A monic quadratic with roots u,vu,v is x2(u+v)x+uvx^2-(u+v)x+uv

解答:

令前者为较大的数,则 u+v=6,uv=8 u+v=6,\qquad u-v=8 给出 u=7u=7v=1v=-1。两数之积为 7-7,所以以它们为根的首一方程为 x26x7=0 x^2-6x-7=0\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Taking the larger number first, u+v=6,uv=8 u+v=6,\qquad u-v=8 gives u=7u=7 and v=1.v=-1. Their product is 7,-7, so the monic equation with these roots is x26x7=0. x^2-6x-7=0.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

20.

使表达式 25t2+5\sqrt{25-t^2}+5 等于零的是:

The expression 25t2+5\sqrt{25-t^2}+5 equals zero for:

不存在实数或虚数 tt

no real or imaginary values of tt

仅不存在实数 tt

no real values of tt only

仅不存在虚数 tt

no imaginary values of tt only

t=0t=0

t=±5t=\pm5

难度评级:1340
小提示:

在进行任何代数运算前先把根式单独放在一边

Isolate the radical before doing any algebra

大提示:

若将两边平方,要在原方程中检验每个候选值,因为根式有规定的符号

If you square, check every candidate in the original equation because the radical has a prescribed sign

解答:

要使表达式为零,必须有 25t2=5 \sqrt{25-t^2}=-5\text{。}根号表示主平方根。当被开方数为非负实数时,主平方根非负;在复数范围内,则选取实部非负的平方根。因此它不可能等于 5-5。两边平方会引入增根 t=0t=0,此时原表达式等于 1010

因此,没有任何实数或虚数满足条件,正确答案是 A

For the expression to vanish, one would need 25t2=5. \sqrt{25-t^2}=-5. The radical sign denotes the principal square root. It is nonnegative for a nonnegative real radicand and, over the complex numbers, is chosen with nonnegative real part; it therefore cannot equal 5.-5. Squaring would introduce the extraneous candidate t=0,t=0, for which the original expression is 10.10.

Thus, no real or imaginary value works, and the correct answer is A.

21.

cc 表示直角三角形的斜边,用 AA 表示其面积。斜边上的高为:

Represent the hypotenuse of a right triangle by cc and the area by A.A. The altitude on the hypotenuse is:

Ac\dfrac Ac

2Ac\dfrac{2A}{c}

A2c\dfrac A{2c}

A2c\dfrac{A^2}{c}

Ac2\dfrac A{c^2}

难度评级:1060
小提示:

以斜边为三角形的底

Use the hypotenuse as the base of the triangle

大提示:

若对应的高为 hh,则 A=ch2A=\frac{ch}{2}

If the corresponding altitude is h,h, then A=ch2A=\frac{ch}{2}

解答:

以斜边为底,并用 hh 表示其上的高,则 A=12ch A=\frac12ch\text{。}解得 h=2Ach=\frac{2A}{c}

因此,正确答案是 B

Taking the hypotenuse as the base and writing its altitude as h,h, A=12ch. A=\frac12ch. Solving gives h=2Ac.h=\frac{2A}{c}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

22.

对一笔 $10,000\$10{,}000 的订单,一名商人可在两种优惠中选择:连续打 20%20\%20%20\%10%10\% 三次折扣,或连续打 40%40\%5%5\%5%5\% 三次折扣。选择较优惠的一种,他可以节省:

On a $10,000\$10{,}000 order a merchant has a choice between three successive discounts of 20%,20\%, 20%,20\%, and 10%10\% and three successive discounts of 40%,40\%, 5%,5\%, and 5%.5\%. By choosing the better offer, he can save:

一分钱也省不了

nothing at all

$440\$440

$330\$330

$345\$345

$360\$360

难度评级:1570
小提示:

连续折扣要将各次折扣后的价格因子相乘

Successive discounts multiply the remaining-price factors

大提示:

比较 0.80.80.90.8\cdot0.8\cdot0.90.60.950.950.6\cdot0.95\cdot0.95

Compare 0.80.80.90.8\cdot0.8\cdot0.9 with 0.60.950.950.6\cdot0.95\cdot0.95

解答:

第一种优惠的实付价格是原价的 0.80.80.9=0.576 0.8\cdot0.8\cdot0.9=0.576\text{。}第二种优惠的实付价格是原价的 0.60.952=0.5415 0.6\cdot0.95^2=0.5415\text{。}第二种比第一种少付订单金额的 0.5760.5415=0.03450.576-0.5415=0.0345,即 0.0345(10000)=345 0.0345(10000)=345 美元。

因此,正确答案是 D

The first offer leaves a fraction 0.80.80.9=0.576 0.8\cdot0.8\cdot0.9=0.576 of the price. The second leaves 0.60.952=0.5415. 0.6\cdot0.95^2=0.5415. The second is cheaper by 0.5760.5415=0.03450.576-0.5415=0.0345 of the order, or 0.0345(10000)=345 0.0345(10000)=345 dollars.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

一名职员清点零用现金时,数得 qq 枚二十五美分硬币、dd 枚十美分硬币、nn 枚五美分硬币和 cc 枚一美分硬币。后来他发现,有 xx 枚五美分硬币被当作二十五美分硬币,又有 xx 枚十美分硬币被当作一美分硬币。要更正所得总额,他必须:

In checking the petty cash a clerk counts qq quarters, dd dimes, nn nickels, and cc cents. Later he discovers that xx of the nickels were counted as quarters and xx of the dimes were counted as cents. To correct the total obtained the clerk must:

不作更正

make no correction

减去 1111¢

subtract 1111¢

减去 11x11x¢

subtract 11x11x¢

加上 11x11x¢

add 11x11x¢

加上 xx¢

add xx¢

难度评级:1280
小提示:

每把一枚五美分硬币当作二十五美分硬币,总额就会多算 2020¢

Each nickel counted as a quarter makes the total too large by 2020¢

大提示:

每把一枚十美分硬币当作一美分硬币,总额就会少算 99¢

Each dime counted as a cent makes the total too small by 99¢

解答:

xx 枚五美分硬币当作二十五美分硬币,使总额多算 20x20x¢。把 xx 枚十美分硬币当作一美分硬币,使总额少算 9x9x¢。因此净多算了 20x9x=11x 20x-9x=11x 美分,必须减去这个数额。

因此,正确答案是 C

The xx nickels counted as quarters overstate the total by 20x20x¢. The xx dimes counted as cents understate it by 9x9x¢. The net overstatement is 20x9x=11x 20x-9x=11x cents, so that amount must be subtracted.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

24.

函数 4x212x14x^2-12x-1

The function 4x212x1:4x^2-12x-1:

总是随 xx 的增大而增大

always increases as xx increases

xx 减小到 11 时总是减小

always decreases as xx decreases to 11

不可能等于 00

cannot equal 00

xx 为负数时取得最大值

has a maximum value when xx is negative

最小值为 10-10

has a minimum value of 10-10

难度评级:1410
小提示:

4x212x14x^2-12x-1 配方

Complete the square in 4x212x14x^2-12x-1

大提示:

在配成 (x32)2(x-\frac{3}{2})^2 之前,先从二次项和一次项中提取 44

Factor 44 from the quadratic terms before forming (x32)2(x-\frac{3}{2})^2

解答:

配方得 4x212x1=4(x32)210 \begin{aligned} 4x^2-12x-1 &=4\left(x-\frac32\right)^2\\ &\quad{}-10 \end{aligned}\text{。}平方项非负,所以最小值为 10-10,并在 x=32x=\frac{3}{2} 时取得。

因此,正确答案是 E

Completing the square, 4x212x1=4(x32)210. \begin{aligned} 4x^2-12x-1 &=4\left(x-\frac32\right)^2\\ &\quad{}-10. \end{aligned} The squared term is nonnegative, so the minimum value is 10,-10, attained at x=32.x=\frac{3}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

25.

x4+2x2+9x^4+2x^2+9 的一个因式是:

One of the factors of x4+2x2+9x^4+2x^2+9 is:

x2+3x^2+3

x+1x+1

x23x^2-3

x22x3x^2-2x-3

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1400
小提示:

将多项式改写为 (x2+3)2(2x)2(x^2+3)^2-(2x)^2

Rewrite the polynomial as (x2+3)2(2x)2(x^2+3)^2-(2x)^2

大提示:

将所得平方差因式分解,并把两个因式与各选项比较

Factor the resulting difference of squares and compare both factors with the choices

解答:

我们有 x4+2x2+9=(x2+3)2(2x)2=(x22x+3)(x2+2x+3) \begin{aligned} x^4+2x^2+9 &=(x^2+3)^2\\ &\quad{}-(2x)^2\\ &=(x^2-2x+3)\\ &\quad\cdot(x^2+2x+3) \end{aligned}\text{。}这两个因式都不在选项 A 至 D 中。

因此,正确答案是 E

We have x4+2x2+9=(x2+3)2(2x)2=(x22x+3)(x2+2x+3). \begin{aligned} x^4+2x^2+9 &=(x^2+3)^2\\ &\quad{}-(2x)^2\\ &=(x^2-2x+3)\\ &\quad\cdot(x^2+2x+3). \end{aligned} Neither factor appears among choices A through D.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

26.

AA 先生拥有一栋价值 $10,000\$10{,}000 的房子。他以 10%10\% 的利润将房子卖给 BB 先生。BB 先生又以 10%10\% 的亏损将房子卖回给 AA 先生。于是:

Mr. AA owns a house worth $10,000.\$10{,}000. He sells it to Mr. BB at 10%10\% profit. Mr. BB sells the house back to Mr. AA at a 10%10\% loss. Then:

AA 先生收支相抵

Mr. AA comes out even

AA 先生赚了 $100\$100

Mr. AA makes $100\$100

AA 先生赚了 $1,000\$1{,}000

Mr. AA makes $1,000\$1{,}000

BB 先生亏了 $100\$100

Mr. BB loses $100\$100

以上都不正确

none of the above is correct

难度评级:1280
小提示:

第一次售出的价格为 1.10(10000)1.10(10000)

The first sale price is 1.10(10000)1.10(10000)

大提示:

BB 先生的亏损是他所付价格的 10%10\%,而不是房子原价的 10%10\%

Mr. BB’s loss is 10%10\% of what he paid, not 10%10\% of the original house value

解答:

AA 先生先收到 1.10(10000)=110001.10(10000)=11000 美元。然后 BB 先生以其 1100011000 美元成本的 10%10\% 亏损卖出,所以 AA 先生以 0.90(11000)=9900 0.90(11000)=9900 美元买回房子。AA 先生重新拥有房子,并赚得 110009900=110011000-9900=1100 美元;BB 先生亏损 11001100 美元。题中列出的金额都不正确。

因此,正确答案是 E

Mr. AA first receives 1.10(10000)=110001.10(10000)=11000 dollars. Mr. BB then sells at a loss of 10%10\% of his 1100011000-dollar cost, so Mr. AA buys the house back for 0.90(11000)=9900 0.90(11000)=9900 dollars. Mr. AA again owns the house and has gained 110009900=110011000-9900=1100 dollars; Mr. BB has lost 11001100 dollars. None of the stated amounts is correct.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

27.

rrss 是方程 x2px+q=0x^2-px+q=0 的根,则 r2+s2r^2+s^2 等于:

If rr and ss are the roots of x2px+q=0,x^2-px+q=0, then r2+s2r^2+s^2 equals:

p2+2qp^2+2q

p22qp^2-2q

p2+q2p^2+q^2

p2q2p^2-q^2

p2p^2

难度评级:1260
小提示:

使用 r+s=pr+s=prs=qrs=q

Use r+s=pr+s=p and rs=qrs=q

大提示:

展开 (r+s)2(r+s)^2,再解出 r2+s2r^2+s^2

Expand (r+s)2(r+s)^2 and isolate r2+s2r^2+s^2

解答:

由韦达定理,r+s=pr+s=p,且 rs=qrs=q。因此 r2+s2=(r+s)22rs=p22q \begin{aligned} r^2+s^2 &=(r+s)^2-2rs\\ &=p^2-2q \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

By Vieta’s formulas, r+s=pr+s=p and rs=q.rs=q. Therefore r2+s2=(r+s)22rs=p22q. \begin{aligned} r^2+s^2 &=(r+s)^2-2rs\\ &=p^2-2q. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

28.

在同一坐标系中画出 y=ax2+bx+cy=ax^2+bx+c 的图像,以及在此方程中用 x-x 替换 xx 所得方程的图像。若 b0b\ne0c0c\ne0,则这两个图像相交于:

On the same set of axes are drawn the graph of y=ax2+bx+cy=ax^2+bx+c and the graph of the equation obtained by replacing xx by x-x in the given equation. If b0b\ne0 and c0c\ne0 these two graphs intersect:

两个点,一个在 xx 轴上,一个在 yy 轴上

in two points, one on the xx-axis and one on the yy-axis

一个不在任何坐标轴上的点

in one point located on neither axis

仅原点

only at the origin

xx 轴上的一个点

in one point on the xx-axis

yy 轴上的一个点

in one point on the yy-axis

难度评级:1340
小提示:

反射后的图像方程为 y=ax2bx+cy=ax^2-bx+c

The reflected graph is y=ax2bx+cy=ax^2-bx+c

大提示:

令两个关于 yy 的表达式相等,并使用 b0b\ne0

Set the two expressions for yy equal and use b0b\ne0

解答:

x-x 替换 xx,得 y=ax2bx+cy=ax^2-bx+c。在交点处,ax2+bx+c=ax2bx+c ax^2+bx+c=ax^2-bx+c\text{,}所以 2bx=02bx=0。由于 b0b\ne0,必有 x=0x=0,进而 y=c0y=c\ne0。两图像恰有一个交点 (0,c)(0,c),且它在 yy 轴上。

因此,正确答案是 E

Replacing xx by x-x gives y=ax2bx+c.y=ax^2-bx+c. At an intersection, ax2+bx+c=ax2bx+c, ax^2+bx+c=ax^2-bx+c, so 2bx=0.2bx=0. Since b0,b\ne0, we must have x=0,x=0, and then y=c0.y=c\ne0. There is exactly one intersection, (0,c),(0,c), on the yy-axis.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

29.

图中,PA\overline{PA} 与半圆 SARSAR 相切,PB\overline{PB} 与半圆 RBTRBT 相切,SRTSRT 是一条直线;各弧如图所示。角 APBAPB 的度数为:

In the figure PA\overline{PA} is tangent to semicircle SAR;SAR; PB\overline{PB} is tangent to semicircle RBT;RBT; SRTSRT is a straight line; the arcs are indicated in the figure. Angle APBAPB is measured by:

12(ab)\dfrac12(a-b)

12(a+b)\dfrac12(a+b)

(ca)(db)(c-a)-(d-b)

aba-b

a+ba+b

难度评级:2310
小提示:

画出 PR\overline{PR},它在 RR 点与两个半圆都相切

Draw PR\overline{PR}, which is tangent to both semicircles at RR

大提示:

对每个圆使用两切线夹角定理,再使用 a+c=b+d=180a+c=b+d=180^\circ

Use the tangent-tangent angle theorem on each circle, then use a+c=b+d=180a+c=b+d=180^\circ

解答:

直线 PRPR 在两半圆的公共端点 RR 处与它们都相切。对较大的圆,两切线夹角定理给出 APR=180a=c \angle APR=180^\circ-a=c\text{。}对较小的圆,同一定理给出 RPB=180b=d \angle RPB=180^\circ-b=d\text{。}因此,从 PA\overline{PA}PR\overline{PR}PB\overline{PB} 的优角为 c+dc+d。所以两条切线之间的另一个角为 360(c+d)=(180c)+(180d)=a+b \begin{aligned} 360^\circ-(c+d) &=(180^\circ-c)\\ &\quad{}+(180^\circ-d)\\ &=a+b \end{aligned}\text{,}因为每个上半圆的度数都是 180180^\circ

因此,正确答案是 E

The line PRPR is tangent to both semicircles at their common endpoint R.R. For the larger circle, the tangent-tangent angle theorem gives APR=180a=c. \angle APR=180^\circ-a=c. For the smaller circle, the same theorem gives RPB=180b=d. \angle RPB=180^\circ-b=d. Thus the reflex angle from PA\overline{PA} to PB\overline{PB} through PR\overline{PR} has measure c+d.c+d. Hence the other angle between the tangents is 360(c+d)=(180c)+(180d)=a+b, \begin{aligned} 360^\circ-(c+d) &=(180^\circ-c)\\ &\quad{}+(180^\circ-d)\\ &=a+b, \end{aligned} because each upper semicircle has measure 180.180^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

30.

方程 3x22=253x^2-2=25(2x1)2=(x1)2(2x-1)^2=(x-1)^2x27=x1\sqrt{x^2-7}=\sqrt{x-1} 都满足:

Each of the equations 3x22=25,3x^2-2=25, (2x1)2=(x1)2,(2x-1)^2=(x-1)^2, x27=x1\sqrt{x^2-7}=\sqrt{x-1} has:

有两个整数根

two integral roots

没有大于 33 的根

no root greater than 33

没有零根

no root zero

只有一个根

only one root

有一个负根和一个正根

one negative root and one positive root

难度评级:1670
小提示:

分别解每个方程,再比较各自根的性质

Solve each equation separately and compare the properties of their roots

大提示:

对根式方程,舍去使任一被开方数为负的候选值

For the radical equation, reject candidates that make either radicand negative

解答:

第一个方程给出 x=±3x=\pm3。对第二个方程作平方差因式分解,得到 [(2x1)(x1)][(2x1)+(x1)]=x(3x2)=0 \begin{aligned} &[(2x-1)-(x-1)]\\ &\quad\cdot[(2x-1)+(x-1)]\\ &\qquad=x(3x-2)=0 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 x=0x=023\frac{2}{3}。将第三个方程两边平方,得到 x2x6=0x^2-x-6=0,候选值为 332-2;只有 33 满足实数定义域的限制。所得的每个根都不大于 33

因此,每个方程都没有大于 33 的根,正确答案是 B

The first equation gives x=±3.x=\pm3. Factoring the difference of squares in the second gives [(2x1)(x1)][(2x1)+(x1)]=x(3x2)=0, \begin{aligned} &[(2x-1)-(x-1)]\\ &\quad\cdot[(2x-1)+(x-1)]\\ &\qquad=x(3x-2)=0, \end{aligned} so x=0x=0 or 23.\frac{2}{3}. Squaring the third gives x2x6=0,x^2-x-6=0, with candidates 33 and 2;-2; only 33 satisfies the real-domain restrictions. Every root obtained is at most 3.3.

Thus, each equation has no root greater than 3,3, and the correct answer is B.

31.

一个边长为 22 的等边三角形被一条平行于其一边的直线分成一个三角形和一个梯形。若梯形的面积等于原三角形面积的一半,则梯形中位线的长度为:

An equilateral triangle whose side is 22 is divided into a triangle and a trapezoid by a line drawn parallel to one of its sides. If the area of the trapezoid equals one-half of the area of the original triangle, the length of the median of the trapezoid is:

62\dfrac{\sqrt6}{2}

2\sqrt2

2+22+\sqrt2

2+22\dfrac{2+\sqrt2}{2}

2362\dfrac{2\sqrt3-\sqrt6}{2}

难度评级:1630
小提示:

小三角形的面积是原三角形的一半,利用相似求出其边长

The small triangle has half the original area, so determine its side using similarity

大提示:

梯形中位线的长度等于两条平行边长度的平均数

The trapezoid median is the average of its two parallel side lengths

解答:

小三角形的面积也等于原三角形面积的一半。若小三角形中平行于原底边的边长为 bb,由相似关系 (b2)2=12 \left(\frac b2\right)^2=\frac12\text{,}所以 b=2b=\sqrt2。梯形两条平行边的长度为 222\sqrt2,因此其中位线长为 2+22 \frac{2+\sqrt2}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The small triangle also has half the original area. If its side parallel to the original base has length b,b, similarity gives (b2)2=12, \left(\frac b2\right)^2=\frac12, so b=2.b=\sqrt2. The parallel sides of the trapezoid have lengths 22 and 2,\sqrt2, so its median has length 2+22. \frac{2+\sqrt2}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

32.

ax2+2bx+c=0ax^2+2bx+c=0 的判别式为零,则关于 aabbcc 的另一个正确结论是:

If the discriminant of ax2+2bx+c=0ax^2+2bx+c=0 is zero, then another true statement about a,a, b,b, and cc is that:

它们构成等差数列

they form an arithmetic progression

它们构成等比数列

they form a geometric progression

它们互不相等

they are unequal

它们全是负数

they are all negative numbers

只有 bb 为负数,而 aacc 为正数

only bb is negative and aa and cc are positive

难度评级:1260
小提示:

(2b)24ac(2b)^2-4ac 等于零

Set (2b)24ac(2b)^2-4ac equal to zero

大提示:

将所得关系与等差数列和等比数列的判定条件比较

Compare the resulting relation with the defining tests for arithmetic and geometric progressions

解答:

判别式为零给出 (2b)24ac=0 (2b)^2-4ac=0\text{,}因而 b2=acb^2=ac。等价地,在比值有定义时,ab=bc\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c},这正是 a,b,ca,b,c 构成等比数列的条件。

因此,正确答案是 B

A zero discriminant gives (2b)24ac=0, (2b)^2-4ac=0, hence b2=ac.b^2=ac. Equivalently, ab=bc\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c} where the ratios are defined, which is the defining relation for a,b,ca,b,c to form a geometric progression.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

33.

亨利在上午 88 点至 99 点之间、钟表两针重合时出发。他在下午 22 点至 33 点之间、两针恰好相差 180180^\circ 时到达目的地。这次行程用时:

Henry starts a trip when the hands of the clock are together between 88 a.m. and 99 a.m. He arrives at his destination between 22 p.m. and 33 p.m. when the hands of the clock are exactly 180180^\circ apart. The trip takes:

66 小时

66 hr.

66 小时 4371143\dfrac7{11} 分钟

66 hr. 4371143\dfrac7{11} min.

55 小时 1641116\dfrac4{11} 分钟

55 hr. 1641116\dfrac4{11} min.

66 小时 3030 分钟

66 hr. 3030 min.

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1880
小提示:

出发时,分针必须以每分钟 5.55.5^\circ 的相对速度追上 240240^\circ 的差距

At the start, the minute hand must close a 240240^\circ gap at 5.55.5^\circ per minute

大提示:

计算 2:002{:}00 之后两针反向时的对应时刻,并比较两个时刻在整点后的偏移

Compute the corresponding time after 2:002{:}00 when the hands are opposite and compare the two offsets

解答:

8:008{:}00 时,时针领先 240240^\circ。分针以每分钟 5.55.5^\circ 的相对速度追赶,所以两针在 88 点后的 2405.5=48011\frac{240}{5.5}=\frac{480}{11} 分钟重合。在 2:002{:}00 时,时针领先 6060^\circ。要使两针沿相关方向相差 180180^\circ,分针必须追赶 240240^\circ,同样需要 48011\frac{480}{11} 分钟。因此,出发和到达时刻在各自整点后的分钟数相同,恰好相隔六小时。

因此,正确答案是 A

At 8:00,8{:}00, the hour hand is 240240^\circ ahead. The minute hand gains at 5.55.5^\circ per minute, so the hands coincide 2405.5=48011\frac{240}{5.5}=\frac{480}{11} minutes after 8.8. At 2:00,2{:}00, the hour hand is 6060^\circ ahead. For the hands to be 180180^\circ apart in the relevant direction, the minute hand must gain 240,240^\circ, again taking 48011\frac{480}{11} minutes. The start and finish therefore have the same minute offset within their hours, exactly six hours apart.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

34.

将一根直径为 66 英寸的圆柱和一根直径为 1818 英寸的圆柱并放在一起,用铁丝捆住。能绕住它们的最短铁丝长度为:

A 66-inch-diameter pole and an 1818-inch-diameter pole are placed together and bound together with wire. The length of the shortest wire that will go around them is:

123+16π12\sqrt3+16\pi

123+7π12\sqrt3+7\pi

123+14π12\sqrt3+14\pi

12+15π12+15\pi

24π24\pi

难度评级:2150
小提示:

铁丝由两条公外切线段和每个圆上的一段外露圆弧组成

The wire consists of two common external tangent segments and one exposed arc on each circle

大提示:

使用半径 3399;每条切线段的长度为 12262\sqrt{12^2-6^2}

Use radii 33 and 99; each tangent segment has length 12262\sqrt{12^2-6^2}

解答:

两圆心相距 1212 英寸,半径相差 66。因此每条公外切线段长 12262=63 \sqrt{12^2-6^2}=6\sqrt3\text{,}两条共长 12312\sqrt3。由切线的几何关系,半径为 33 的圆上有一段 120120^\circ 的外露弧,半径为 99 的圆上有一段 240240^\circ 的外露弧。两段弧长之和为 120360(2π3)+240360(2π9)=2π+12π=14π \begin{aligned} &\frac{120}{360}(2\pi\cdot3)\\ &\quad{}+\frac{240}{360}(2\pi\cdot9)\\ &\qquad=2\pi+12\pi\\ &\qquad=14\pi \end{aligned}\text{。}因此铁丝长为 123+14π12\sqrt3+14\pi

因此,正确答案是 C

The centers are 1212 inches apart and their radii differ by 6.6. Thus each common external tangent segment has length 12262=63, \sqrt{12^2-6^2}=6\sqrt3, contributing 12312\sqrt3 in all. The geometry of the tangent lines leaves a 120120^\circ exposed arc on the radius-33 circle and a 240240^\circ exposed arc on the radius-99 circle. Their lengths total 120360(2π3)+240360(2π9)=2π+12π=14π. \begin{aligned} &\frac{120}{360}(2\pi\cdot3)\\ &\quad{}+\frac{240}{360}(2\pi\cdot9)\\ &\qquad=2\pi+12\pi\\ &\qquad=14\pi. \end{aligned} Hence the wire length is 123+14π.12\sqrt3+14\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

35.

三个男孩约定按如下方式分一袋弹珠。第一个男孩拿走比总数一半多一颗的弹珠。第二个男孩拿走剩余弹珠的三分之一。第三个男孩发现,留给他的弹珠数是第二个男孩的两倍。原有弹珠数:

Three boys agree to divide a bag of marbles in the following manner. The first boy takes one more than half the marbles. The second takes a third of the number remaining. The third boy finds that he is left with twice as many marbles as the second boy. The original number of marbles:

不属于以下任何一种情况

is none of the following

无法由已知数据确定

cannot be determined from the given data

20202626

is 2020 or 2626

14143232

is 1414 or 3232

883838

is 88 or 3838

难度评级:1490
小提示:

设原有弹珠数为 nn,表示第一个男孩拿走后剩余的数量

Let the original number be nn and express the remainder after the first boy

大提示:

将后两个男孩所得数量的条件写成方程,看看能否唯一确定 nn

Translate the last two boys’ share condition into an equation and see whether it determines nn uniquely

解答:

第一个男孩拿走 n2+1\frac{n}{2}+1,剩下 n21\frac{n}{2}-1。第二个男孩拿走余数的三分之一,第三个男孩得到另外三分之二,自动是第二个男孩所得的两倍。因此分配条件不能唯一确定 nn。它只要求 n21\frac{n}{2}-133 的非负倍数,所以 8,14,20,26,8,14,20,26,\ldots 等许多数值都可行。

因此,原有弹珠数无法确定,正确答案是 B

The first boy takes n2+1,\frac{n}{2}+1, leaving n21.\frac{n}{2}-1. The second takes one third of that remainder, and the third receives the other two thirds, automatically twice the second boy’s share. Thus the share condition imposes no unique value of n.n. It only requires n21\frac{n}{2}-1 to be a nonnegative multiple of 3,3, so many values such as 8,14,20,26,8,14,20,26,\ldots work.

Therefore the original number cannot be determined, and the correct answer is B.

36.

一个水平放置的圆柱形油罐,内部长 1010 英尺,内径为 66 英尺。若油面的矩形面积为 4040 平方英尺,则油的深度为:

A cylindrical oil tank, lying horizontally, has an interior length of 1010 feet and an interior diameter of 66 feet. If the rectangular surface of the oil has an area of 4040 square feet, the depth of the oil is:

5\sqrt5

252\sqrt5

353-\sqrt5

3+53+\sqrt5

353-\sqrt53+53+\sqrt5

either 353-\sqrt5 or 3+53+\sqrt5

难度评级:1740
小提示:

油面是长为 1010 的矩形,所以宽为 44

The oil surface is a rectangle of length 1010, so its width is 44

大提示:

在圆形端面中,长为 44 的弦到圆心的距离为 3222\sqrt{3^2-2^2}

In the circular end, a chord of length 44 lies 3222\sqrt{3^2-2^2} from the center

解答:

矩形油面的长为 1010,所以它在圆形截面中的弦宽为 4010=4\frac{40}{10}=4。半弦长为 22,半径为 33,因此圆心到弦的距离为 3222=5 \sqrt{3^2-2^2}=\sqrt5\text{。}这样长的弦可以位于圆心下方,也可以位于圆心上方。从油罐底部量起,相应的深度为 353-\sqrt53+53+\sqrt5

因此,正确答案是 E

The rectangular surface has length 10,10, so its chord width in the circular cross-section is 4010=4.\frac{40}{10}=4. Half the chord is 2,2, and the radius is 3,3, so the distance from the center to the chord is 3222=5. \sqrt{3^2-2^2}=\sqrt5. A chord of this length can lie either below or above the center. Measured from the bottom of the tank, the corresponding depths are 353-\sqrt5 and 3+5.3+\sqrt5.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

37.

一个三位数从左到右的数字为 hhttuu,其中 h>uh>u。用原数减去各位数字倒序所得的数,差的个位数字为 44。从右到左接下来的两个数字是:

A three-digit number has, from left to right, the digits h,h, t,t, and uu with h>u.h>u. When the number with the digits reversed is subtracted from the original number, the units’ digit in the difference is 4.4. The next two digits, from right to left, are:

5599

55 and 99

9955

99 and 55

无法确定

impossible to tell

5544

55 and 44

4455

44 and 55

难度评级:1570
小提示:

以代数式相减:(100h+10t+u)(100h+10t+u) (100u+10t+h)=99(hu){}-(100u+10t+h)=99(h-u)

Subtract algebraically: (100h+10t+u)(100h+10t+u) (100u+10t+h)=99(hu){}-(100u+10t+h)=99(h-u)

大提示:

求使 99(hu)99(h-u) 的个位数字为 44 的数位差 huh-u

Find the digit huh-u for which 99(hu)99(h-u) ends in 44

解答:

差为 99(hu)99(h-u)。由于 huh-u 是从 1199 的整数,并且个位数字是 44,所以需要 9(hu)4(mod10)9(h-u)\equiv4\pmod{10}。由此得 hu=6h-u=6,因而差为 996=594 99\cdot6=594\text{。}从右向左,在个位数字 44 之后的两个数字是 9955

因此,正确答案是 B

The difference is 99(hu).99(h-u). Since huh-u is an integer from 11 through 9,9, and the units digit is 4,4, we need 9(hu)4(mod10).9(h-u)\equiv4\pmod{10}. This gives hu=6,h-u=6, so the difference is 996=594. 99\cdot6=594. Moving from right to left after the units digit 4,4, the next digits are 99 and 5.5.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

38.

给定四个正整数。任取其中三个,求它们的算术平均数,再把结果加到第四个整数上。这样得到 2929232321211717。原来的一个整数是:

Four positive integers are given. Select any three of these integers, find their arithmetic average, and add this result to the fourth integer. Thus the numbers 29,29, 23,23, 2121 and 1717 are obtained. One of the original integers is:

1919

2121

2323

2929

1717

难度评级:1840
小提示:

若原数之和为 SS,单独取出的整数为 xx,所得结果为 S+2x3\frac{S+2x}{3}

If the original sum is SS and the singled-out integer is x,x, the result is S+2x3\frac{S+2x}{3}

大提示:

将四个给出的结果相加,以求出 SS

Sum all four reported results to determine SS

解答:

若原来的四个整数之和为 SS,则与单独取出的整数 xx 对应的结果为 x+Sx3=S+2x3 x+\frac{S-x}{3}=\frac{S+2x}{3}\text{。}将四个给出的结果相加会把总和计为 2S2S,所以 S=29+23+21+172=45 S=\frac{29+23+21+17}{2}=45\text{。}因此结果 2929 来自 x=3(29)452=21x=\dfrac{3(29)-45}{2}=21

因此,原来的一个整数是 2121,正确答案是 B

If the original integers sum to S,S, the result associated with singled-out integer xx is x+Sx3=S+2x3. x+\frac{S-x}{3}=\frac{S+2x}{3}. Summing all four reported results counts the total as 2S,2S, so S=29+23+21+172=45. S=\frac{29+23+21+17}{2}=45. The result 2929 therefore comes from x=3(29)452=21.x=\dfrac{3(29)-45}{2}=21.

Thus, one original integer is 21,21, and the correct answer is B.

39.

y=x2+px+qy=x^2+px+q,且 yy 的最小可能值为零,则 qq 等于:

If y=x2+px+q,y=x^2+px+q, then if the least possible value of yy is zero, qq is equal to:

00

p24\dfrac{p^2}{4}

p2\dfrac p2

p2-\dfrac p2

p24q\dfrac{p^2}{4}-q

难度评级:1260
小提示:

x2+px+qx^2+px+q 配方

Complete the square in x2+px+qx^2+px+q

大提示:

最小值在 x=p2x=-\frac{p}{2} 时取得

The minimum occurs when x=p2x=-\frac{p}{2}

解答:

配方得 y=(x+p2)2+qp24 y=\left(x+\frac p2\right)^2+q-\frac{p^2}{4}\text{。}它的最小值为 qp24q-\frac{p^2}{4}。令其等于零,得 q=p24q=\frac{p^2}{4}

因此,正确答案是 B

Completing the square, y=(x+p2)2+qp24. y=\left(x+\frac p2\right)^2+q-\frac{p^2}{4}. Its least value is qp24.q-\frac{p^2}{4}. Setting this equal to zero gives q=p24.q=\frac{p^2}{4}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

40.

bdb\ne d,在下列哪种情况下,分式 ax+bcx+d\dfrac{ax+b}{cx+d}bd\dfrac bd 不相等?

If bd,b\ne d, the fractions ax+bcx+d\dfrac{ax+b}{cx+d} and bd\dfrac bd are unequal if:

a=c=1a=c=1x0x\ne0

a=c=1a=c=1 and x0x\ne0

a=b=0a=b=0

a=c=0a=c=0

x=0x=0

ad=bcad=bc

难度评级:1590
小提示:

对等式 ax+bcx+d=bd\frac{ax+b}{cx+d}=\frac{b}{d} 交叉相乘

Cross-multiply the equality ax+bcx+d=bd\frac{ax+b}{cx+d}=\frac{b}{d}

大提示:

化简后,等式是否成立由 x(adbc)=0x(ad-bc)=0 决定

After cancellation, equality is governed by x(adbc)=0x(ad-bc)=0

解答:

在两个分式都有定义的地方,若它们相等,则必须有 d(ax+b)=b(cx+d) d(ax+b)=b(cx+d)\text{,}化简为 x(adbc)=0x(ad-bc)=0。在选项 A 中,a=c=1a=c=1 给出 adbc=db0ad-bc=d-b\ne0,且 x0x\ne0,所以两分式不可能相等。选项 B 至 E 中的每一个反而都直接保证两式相等。

因此,在选项 A 的条件下,两分式不相等。

Where the fractions are defined, equality would require d(ax+b)=b(cx+d), d(ax+b)=b(cx+d), which simplifies to x(adbc)=0.x(ad-bc)=0. Under choice A, a=c=1a=c=1 gives adbc=db0,ad-bc=d-b\ne0, and x0,x\ne0, so equality is impossible. Each of B through E instead forces equality directly.

Thus, the fractions are unequal under choice A.

41.

一列从 A 镇开往 B 镇的火车行驶 11 小时后发生事故。火车停驶 12\dfrac12 小时,随后以通常速度的五分之四继续行驶,晚 22 小时到达 B 镇。若火车在事故发生前多行驶 8080 英里,就只会晚 11 小时。火车通常的速度为:

A train traveling from Aytown to Beetown meets with an accident after 11 hr. It is stopped for 12\dfrac12 hr., after which it proceeds at four-fifths of its usual rate, arriving at Beetown 22 hr. late. If the train had covered 8080 miles more before the accident, it would have been just 11 hr. late. The usual rate of the train is:

2020 英里/小时

2020 mph

3030 英里/小时

3030 mph

4040 英里/小时

4040 mph

5050 英里/小时

5050 mph

6060 英里/小时

6060 mph

难度评级:2310
小提示:

以通常速度的 45\frac{4}{5} 行驶,会使受影响路段的行驶时间比正常多四分之一

Traveling at 45\frac{4}{5} speed adds one-fourth of the normal time for the affected distance

大提示:

比较两种延误;事故地点后移 8080 英里会使延误减少 11 小时

Compare the two delays; moving the accident point 8080 miles changes the delay by 11 hour

解答:

设通常速度为每小时 RR 英里,全程距离为 DD。行驶第一小时后,剩余路程按正常速度所需时间为 DR1\frac{D}{R}-1。以 4R5\frac{4R}{5} 的速度行驶会多用这段正常时间的四分之一,所以 12+14(DR1)=2 \frac12+\frac14\left(\frac DR-1\right)=2\text{。}若事故在多行驶 8080 英里后发生,则 12+14(DR180R)=1 \frac12+\frac14\left(\frac DR-1-\frac{80}{R}\right)=1\text{。}用第一个方程减去第二个方程,得 20R=1\frac{20}{R}=1,因此 R=20R=20 英里/小时。

因此,正确答案是 A

Let the usual rate be RR mph and the total distance be D.D. After the first hour, the normal time for the remaining distance is DR1.\frac{D}{R}-1. Traveling it at 4R5\frac{4R}{5} adds one-fourth of that time, so 12+14(DR1)=2. \frac12+\frac14\left(\frac DR-1\right)=2. If the accident occurs 8080 miles later, 12+14(DR180R)=1. \frac12+\frac14\left(\frac DR-1-\frac{80}{R}\right)=1. Subtracting the second equation from the first gives 20R=1,\frac{20}{R}=1, hence R=20R=20 mph.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

42.

aabbcc 均为正整数,则根式 a+bc\sqrt{a+\dfrac bc}abca\sqrt{\dfrac bc} 相等的充要条件是:

If a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers, the radicals a+bc\sqrt{a+\dfrac bc} and abca\sqrt{\dfrac bc} are equal when and only when:

a=b=c=1a=b=c=1

a=ba=bc=a=1c=a=1

a=ba=b and c=a=1c=a=1

c=b(a21)ac=\dfrac{b(a^2-1)}a

a=ba=bcc 可取任意值

a=ba=b and cc is any value

a=ba=bc=a1c=a-1

a=ba=b and c=a1c=a-1

难度评级:1550
小提示:

等式两边均为正数,所以将两边平方

Both sides are positive, so square the equality

大提示:

将所得方程乘以 cc,再解出 cc

Multiply the resulting equation by cc and isolate cc

解答:

由于所有量均为正数,平方是等价变形:a+bc=a2bc a+\frac bc=a^2\frac bc\text{。}两边乘以 cc,得 ac+b=a2bac+b=a^2b,所以 c=b(a21)a c=\frac{b(a^2-1)}a\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Because all quantities are positive, squaring is reversible: a+bc=a2bc. a+\frac bc=a^2\frac bc. Multiplying by cc gives ac+b=a2b,ac+b=a^2b, so c=b(a21)a. c=\frac{b(a^2-1)}a.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

43.

方程 y=(x+1)2y=(x+1)^2xy+y=1xy+y=1 的公共解中,xxyy 的取值对共有:

The pairs of values of xx and yy that are the common solutions of the equations y=(x+1)2y=(x+1)^2 and xy+y=1xy+y=1 are:

33 对实数解

33 real pairs

44 对实数解

44 real pairs

44 对虚数解

44 imaginary pairs

22 对实数解和 22 对虚数解

22 real and 22 imaginary pairs

11 对实数解和 22 对虚数解

11 real and 22 imaginary pairs

难度评级:1720
小提示:

将第二个方程改写为 y(x+1)=1y(x+1)=1

Rewrite the second equation as y(x+1)=1y(x+1)=1

大提示:

代入 y=(x+1)2y=(x+1)^2,得到关于 x+1x+1 的三次方程

Substitute y=(x+1)2y=(x+1)^2 to obtain a cubic in x+1x+1

解答:

代入 y(x+1)=1y(x+1)=1,得 (x+1)3=1 (x+1)^3=1\text{。}11 的三个立方根包括一个实根和两个非实根。每个根都恰好确定一个对应的 y=(x+1)2y=(x+1)^2。因此有一对实数解和两对虚数解。

因此,正确答案是 E

Substitution into y(x+1)=1y(x+1)=1 gives (x+1)3=1. (x+1)^3=1. The three cube roots of 11 consist of one real root and two nonreal roots. Each determines exactly one corresponding value y=(x+1)2.y=(x+1)^2. Therefore there is one real pair and two imaginary pairs.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

44.

在圆 OO 中,延长弦 AB\overline{AB},使 BC\overline{BC} 等于圆的半径。连接 CO\overline{CO} 并延长至 DD。连接 AO\overline{AO}。下列哪一项表示角 xxyy 的关系?

In circle OO chord AB\overline{AB} is produced so that BC\overline{BC} equals a radius of the circle. CO\overline{CO} is drawn and extended to D.D. AO\overline{AO} is drawn. Which of the following expresses the relationship between angles xx and y?y?

x=3yx=3y

x=2yx=2y

x=60x=60^\circ

xxyy 之间没有特殊关系

there is no special relationship between xx and yy

x=2yx=2yx=3yx=3y,取决于 AB\overline{AB} 的长度

x=2yx=2y or x=3y,x=3y, depending upon the length of AB\overline{AB}

难度评级:1740
小提示:

由于 OB=BCOB=BC,三角形 OBCOBC 是等腰三角形

Since OB=BC,OB=BC, triangle OBCOBC is isosceles

大提示:

先使用 BB 点处的外角,再使用 OA=OBOA=OB

Use the exterior angle at BB, then use OA=OBOA=OB

解答:

因为 OB=BCOB=BC,所以三角形 OBCOBC 是等腰三角形,故 BOC=BCO=y\angle BOC=\angle BCO=y。因此它在 BB 点处的外角为 ABO=2y\angle ABO=2y。又因为 OA=OBOA=OB,三角形 AOBAOB 也是等腰三角形,且 OAB=2y\angle OAB=2y。在三角形 AOCAOC 中,AA 点和 CC 点处的角分别为 2y2yyy,所以 AOC=1803y\angle AOC=180^\circ-3y。角 x=AODx=\angle AODAOC\angle AOC 互为补角,因此 x=3yx=3y

因此,正确答案是 A

Because OB=BC,OB=BC, triangle OBCOBC is isosceles, so BOC=BCO=y.\angle BOC=\angle BCO=y. Its exterior angle at BB is therefore ABO=2y.\angle ABO=2y. Since OA=OB,OA=OB, triangle AOBAOB is also isosceles and OAB=2y.\angle OAB=2y. In triangle AOC,AOC, the angles at AA and CC are 2y2y and y,y, so AOC=1803y.\angle AOC=180^\circ-3y. Angle x=AODx=\angle AOD is supplementary to AOC,\angle AOC, hence x=3y.x=3y.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

45.

给定一个首项 0\ne0r0r\ne0 的等比数列,以及一个首项 =0=0 的等差数列。将这两个数列的对应项相加,得到第三个数列 111122\ldots。第三个数列前十项的和为:

Given a geometric sequence with the first term 0\ne0 and r0r\ne0 and an arithmetic sequence with the first term =0.=0. A third sequence 1,1, 1,1, 2,2, \ldots is formed by adding corresponding terms of the two given sequences. The sum of the first ten terms of the third sequence is:

978978

557557

467467

10681068

无法由已知信息确定

not possible to determine from the information given

难度评级:1930
小提示:

将两个数列分别写成 a,ar,ar2,a,ar,ar^2,\ldots0,d,2d,0,d,2d,\ldots

Write the two sequences as a,ar,ar2,a,ar,ar^2,\ldots and 0,d,2d,0,d,2d,\ldots

大提示:

利用前三项之和以及条件 r0r\ne0 求出 a,r,da,r,d

Use the first three sums and the condition r0r\ne0 to determine a,r,da,r,d

解答:

前三个对应项之和给出 a=1,r+d=1,r2+2d=2 \begin{aligned} a&=1,\\ r+d&=1,\\ r^2+2d&=2 \end{aligned}\text{。}代入 d=1rd=1-r,得 r(r2)=0r(r-2)=0。由于 r0r\ne0,所以 r=2r=2,且 d=1d=-1。等比数列前十项之和为 2101=10232^{10}-1=1023,等差数列前十项之和为 019=450-1-\cdots-9=-45。两者之和为 102345=9781023-45=978

因此,正确答案是 A

The first three termwise sums give a=1,r+d=1,r2+2d=2. \begin{aligned} a&=1,\\ r+d&=1,\\ r^2+2d&=2. \end{aligned} Substituting d=1rd=1-r yields r(r2)=0.r(r-2)=0. Since r0,r\ne0, we have r=2r=2 and d=1.d=-1. The first ten geometric terms sum to 2101=1023,2^{10}-1=1023, while the first ten arithmetic terms sum to 019=45.0-1-\cdots-9=-45. Their combined sum is 102345=978.1023-45=978.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

46.

图像 2x+3y6=02x+3y-6=04x3y6=04x-3y-6=0x=2x=2y=23y=\dfrac23 相交于:

The graphs of 2x+3y6=0,2x+3y-6=0, 4x3y6=0,4x-3y-6=0, x=2,x=2, and y=23y=\dfrac23 intersect in:

66 个点

66 points

11 个点

11 point

22 个点

22 points

没有交点

no points

无穷多个点

an unlimited number of points

难度评级:1340
小提示:

联立求解前两个一次方程

Solve the first two linear equations simultaneously

大提示:

检验该解是否也满足后面两个方程

Check whether that solution also satisfies each of the last two displayed equations

解答:

前两个方程相加得 6x12=06x-12=0,所以 x=2x=2。代入得 3y=23y=2,因而 y=23y=\frac{2}{3}。此点也在后面给出的两条直线上。因此,四个图像仅有一个公共点 (2,23)(2,\frac{2}{3})

因此,正确答案是 B

Adding the first two equations gives 6x12=0,6x-12=0, so x=2.x=2. Substitution gives 3y=2,3y=2, hence y=23.y=\frac{2}{3}. This point also lies on the last two given lines. Therefore all four graphs have the single common point (2,23).(2,\frac{2}{3}).

Thus, the correct answer is B.

47.

表达式 a+bca+bc(a+b)(a+c)(a+b)(a+c)

The expressions a+bca+bc and (a+b)(a+c)(a+b)(a+c) are:

总是相等

always equal

从不相等

never equal

a+b+c=1a+b+c=1 时相等

equal when a+b+c=1a+b+c=1

a+b+c=0a+b+c=0 时相等

equal when a+b+c=0a+b+c=0

仅当 a=b=c=0a=b=c=0 时相等

equal only when a=b=c=0a=b=c=0

难度评级:1280
小提示:

展开 (a+b)(a+c)(a+b)(a+c)

Expand (a+b)(a+c)(a+b)(a+c)

大提示:

减去 a+bca+bc,并将所得差因式分解

Subtract a+bca+bc and factor the difference

解答:

两式之差为 (a+b)(a+c)(a+bc)=a2+ab+aca=a(a+b+c1) \begin{aligned} &(a+b)(a+c)-(a+bc)\\ &\qquad=a^2+ab+ac-a\\ &\qquad=a(a+b+c-1) \end{aligned}\text{。}特别地,每当 a+b+c=1a+b+c=1 时,这个差为零,两式相等。

因此,正确答案是 C

The difference is (a+b)(a+c)(a+bc)=a2+ab+aca=a(a+b+c1). \begin{aligned} &(a+b)(a+c)-(a+bc)\\ &\qquad=a^2+ab+ac-a\\ &\qquad=a(a+b+c-1). \end{aligned} In particular, whenever a+b+c=1,a+b+c=1, this difference is zero and the expressions are equal.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

48.

给定三角形 ABCABC,其中 AE\overline{AE}BF\overline{BF}CD\overline{CD} 为中线;FH\overline{FH}AE\overline{AE} 平行且等长;连接 BH\overline{BH}HE\overline{HE};延长 FE\overline{FE},与 BH\overline{BH} 交于 GG。下列哪一项不一定正确?

Given triangle ABCABC with medians AE,\overline{AE}, BF,\overline{BF}, CD;\overline{CD}; FH\overline{FH} parallel and equal in length to AE;\overline{AE}; BH\overline{BH} and HE\overline{HE} are drawn; FE\overline{FE} extended meets BH\overline{BH} in G.G. Which one of the following statements is not necessarily correct?

AEHFAEHF 是平行四边形

AEHFAEHF is a parallelogram

HE=HG\overline{HE}=\overline{HG}

BH=DC\overline{BH}=\overline{DC}

FG=34AB\overline{FG}=\dfrac34\overline{AB}

FG\overline{FG} 是三角形 BFHBFH 的中线

FG\overline{FG} is a median of triangle BFHBFH

难度评级:2310
小提示:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(2,0)B=(2,0)C=(u,v)C=(u,v),并求出中点 D,E,FD,E,F

Place A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(2,0),B=(2,0), C=(u,v)C=(u,v) and compute the midpoints D,E,FD,E,F

大提示:

使用 FH=AE\overrightarrow{FH}=\overrightarrow{AE},再在 BHBH 上纵坐标为 v2\frac{v}{2} 的位置确定 GG

Use FH=AE\overrightarrow{FH}=\overrightarrow{AE}, then locate GG where BHBH reaches height v2\frac{v}{2}

解答:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(2,0)B=(2,0)C=(u,v)C=(u,v)。则 D=(1,0),E=(u+22,v2),F=(u2,v2) \begin{aligned} D&=(1,0),\\ E&=\left(\frac{u+2}{2},\frac v2\right),\\ F&=\left(\frac u2,\frac v2\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}FH=AE\overrightarrow{FH}=\overrightarrow{AE},得 H=(u+1,v)H=(u+1,v)。水平直线 FEFE 在从 BBHH 的中点处与 BHBH 相交,即 G=(u+32,v2)G=(\frac{u+3}{2},\frac{v}{2})。这些坐标验证了 AEHFAEHF 是平行四边形、BH=DC\overrightarrow{BH}=\overrightarrow{DC}FG=3AB4FG=\frac{3AB}{4},且 GGBHBH 的中点,所以 FGFG 是一条中线。但是 HE=12u2+v2,HG=12(u1)2+v2 \begin{aligned} HE&=\frac12\sqrt{u^2+v^2},\\ HG&=\frac12\sqrt{(u-1)^2+v^2} \end{aligned}\text{,}它们通常并不相等。

因此,选项 B 不一定正确。

Set A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(2,0),B=(2,0), C=(u,v).C=(u,v). Then D=(1,0),E=(u+22,v2),F=(u2,v2). \begin{aligned} D&=(1,0),\\ E&=\left(\frac{u+2}{2},\frac v2\right),\\ F&=\left(\frac u2,\frac v2\right). \end{aligned} Since FH=AE,\overrightarrow{FH}=\overrightarrow{AE}, we get H=(u+1,v).H=(u+1,v). The horizontal line FEFE meets BHBH halfway from BB to H,H, at G=(u+32,v2).G=(\frac{u+3}{2},\frac{v}{2}). These coordinates verify that AEHFAEHF is a parallelogram, BH=DC,\overrightarrow{BH}=\overrightarrow{DC}, FG=3AB4,FG=\frac{3AB}{4}, and GG is the midpoint of BH,BH, making FGFG a median. But HE=12u2+v2,HG=12(u1)2+v2, \begin{aligned} HE&=\frac12\sqrt{u^2+v^2},\\ HG&=\frac12\sqrt{(u-1)^2+v^2}, \end{aligned} which are not generally equal.

Thus, statement B is not necessarily correct.

49.

图像 y=x24x2y=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x-2}y=2xy=2x 相交于:

The graphs of y=x24x2y=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x-2} and y=2xy=2x intersect in:

一个横坐标为 22 的点

one point whose abscissa is 22

一个横坐标为 00 的点

one point whose abscissa is 00

没有交点

no points

两个不同的点

two distinct points

两个重合的点

two identical points

难度评级:1400
小提示:

x24x^2-4 因式分解,但保留原限制 x2x\ne2

Factor x24x^2-4, but keep the original restriction x2x\ne2

大提示:

将化简后两条直线的代数交点与定义域限制比较

Compare the algebraic intersection of the simplified lines with that domain restriction

解答:

x2x\ne2 时,x24x2=x+2 \frac{x^2-4}{x-2}=x+2\text{。}直线 y=x+2y=x+2y=2xy=2x 原本会在 x=2, y=4x=2,\ y=4 处相交。但是 x=2x=2 不在原有理函数的定义域内,所以该点是一个空点,两图像没有交点。

因此,正确答案是 C

For x2,x\ne2, x24x2=x+2. \frac{x^2-4}{x-2}=x+2. The lines y=x+2y=x+2 and y=2xy=2x would meet at x=2, y=4.x=2,\ y=4. But x=2x=2 is excluded from the original rational function, so that point is a hole and there is no intersection.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

50.

在双车道公路上,为了超过以每小时 4040 英里行驶的 BB,以每小时 5050 英里行驶的 AA 必须相对前进 3030 英尺。与此同时,距 AA 210210 英尺的 CC 正以每小时 5050 英里的速度迎面驶来。若 BBCC 保持各自速度,为了安全超车,AA 必须将速度提高:

In order to pass BB going 4040 mph on a two-lane highway A,A, going 5050 mph, must gain 3030 feet. Meantime, C,C, 210210 feet from A,A, is headed toward him at 5050 mph. If BB and CC maintain their speeds, then, in order to pass safely, AA must increase his speed by:

3030 英里/小时

3030 mph

1010 英里/小时

1010 mph

55 英里/小时

55 mph

1515 英里/小时

1515 mph

33 英里/小时

33 mph

难度评级:1870
小提示:

vvAA 的新速度,令超车所需时间等于 AACC 相遇前的时间

Let vv be AA’s new speed and equate the passing time to the time before AA and CC meet

大提示:

使用相对距离和相对速度:30v40=210v+50\frac{30}{v-40}=\frac{210}{v+50}

Use relative distances and speeds: 30v40=210v+50\frac{30}{v-40}=\frac{210}{v+50}

解答:

vvAA 的新速度。相对于 BBAA 以每小时 v40v-40 英里的速度追赶,因此超车时间与 30v40\frac{30}{v-40} 成正比。AACC 以每小时 v+50v+50 英里的相对速度缩短 210210 英尺的间距,因此相遇时间与 210v+50\frac{210}{v+50} 成正比。在恰好能够安全超车的临界时刻,30v40=210v+50 \frac{30}{v-40}=\frac{210}{v+50}\text{。}所以 30v+1500=210v840030v+1500=210v-8400,得 v=55v=55 英里/小时。AA 必须把原速度提高 55 英里/小时。

因此,正确答案是 C

Let vv be AA’s new speed. Relative to B,B, AA gains at v40v-40 mph, so the passing time is proportional to 30v40.\frac{30}{v-40}. AA and CC close their 210210-foot separation at v+50v+50 mph, so their meeting time is proportional to 210v+50.\frac{210}{v+50}. At the limiting safe time, 30v40=210v+50. \frac{30}{v-40}=\frac{210}{v+50}. Thus 30v+1500=210v8400,30v+1500=210v-8400, giving v=55v=55 mph. AA must increase his original speed by 55 mph.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.