1955 AMC 12 真题
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1.
下列哪一个不等于 ?
Which one of the following is not equivalent to
答案:D
小提示:
把每个选项都改写成含同一个 的幂的形式
Rewrite every choice with the same power of
大提示:
这个小数等于
The decimal is
解答:
给定的小数为 。选项 A 和 B 直接表示这个数,而 且 。但是 它小了十倍。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The given decimal is Choices A and B state this directly, while and But which is ten times smaller.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
2.
下午 时,钟表两针之间的较小夹角为:
The smaller angle between the hands of a clock at p.m. is:
答案:B
小提示:
在 分钟内,分针转过
In minutes, the minute hand moves
大提示:
时针每分钟转过
The hour hand moves per minute
解答:
在 ,分针已从 点方向转过 ,而时针转过 。两针之间的较小夹角为
因此,正确答案是 B。
At the minute hand is past while the hour hand is Their smaller separation is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
3.
若一组十个数中的每个数都增加 ,则原来这十个数的算术平均数:
If each number in a set of ten numbers is increased by the arithmetic mean (average) of the original ten numbers:
保持不变
remains the same
增加
is increased by
增加
is increased by
增加
is increased by
增加
is increased by
答案:B
小提示:
将这十个数都增加二十,会使它们的和增加
Increasing all ten entries adds to their sum
大提示:
新的总和仍要除以
The new total is still divided by
解答:
若原来的总和为 ,则新的总和为 。因此新的平均数为 所以平均数增加了 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
If the original sum is the new sum is Hence the new mean is The mean is increased by
Thus, the correct answer is B.
4.
满足等式 的是:
The equality is satisfied by:
不存在实数
no real values of
或
either or
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
答案:E
小提示:
交叉相乘,同时记住
Cross-multiply, while remembering that
大提示:
解
Solve
解答:
当 时,交叉相乘得 所以 。此值使原等式中的两个分母都不为零,并且满足等式。
因此,正确答案是 E。
For cross-multiplication gives so This value makes both original denominators nonzero and satisfies the equality.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
5.
与 的平方成反比。当 时,。当 时, 等于:
varies inversely as the square of When When equals:
答案:D
小提示:
将反比关系写成
Write the variation as
大提示:
用第一对数值求出
Use the first pair of values to determine
解答:
平方反比关系给出 。由于 ,所以 。当 时,
因此,正确答案是 D。
Inverse-square variation gives Since we have At
Thus, the correct answer is D.
6.
一名商人按每 个 ¢ 的价格买入一些橙子,又按每 个 ¢ 的价格买入同样多的橙子。为了“收支相抵”,他必须把所有橙子按下列哪个价格卖出?
A merchant buys a number of oranges at for ¢ and an equal number at for ¢. To “break even” he must sell all at:
每 个 ¢
for ¢
每 个 ¢
for ¢
每 个 ¢
for ¢
每 个 ¢
for ¢
每 个 ¢
for ¢
答案:B
小提示:
每次等量购买时都取 个橙子,使两种报价都能整除
Use oranges in each equal-sized purchase so that both quoted rates divide evenly
大提示:
将 个橙子的总成本与各个拟定售价比较
Compare the total cost of oranges with each proposed selling rate
解答:
假设他按每种价格各买 个橙子。前 个花费 ¢,后 个花费 ¢,总计 ¢。因此 个橙子必须卖 ¢,这等价于每 个卖 ¢。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Suppose he buys oranges at each rate. The first cost ¢ and the second cost ¢, for ¢ total. Thus oranges must sell for ¢, which is equivalent to for ¢.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
7.
若一名工人的工资降低 %,那么要恰好恢复到原工资,他需要获得多大幅度的加薪?
If a worker receives a percent cut in wages, he may regain his original pay exactly by obtaining a raise of:
%
percent
%
percent
%
percent
答案:B
小提示:
降薪后,工资是原来的
After the cut, the wage is of the original
大提示:
求原工资少掉的 占降薪后工资的百分比
Find the percent of the reduced wage represented by the missing of the original
解答:
若原工资为 ,则降薪后的工资为 。所需增加额为 ,它占降薪后工资的比例为
因此,正确答案是 B。
If the original wage is the reduced wage is The needed increase is which as a fraction of the reduced wage is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
8.
方程 的图形:
The graph of
是只与 轴相交的双曲线
is a hyperbola intersecting only the -axis
是只与 轴相交的双曲线
is a hyperbola intersecting only the -axis
是与两条坐标轴都不相交的双曲线
is a hyperbola intersecting neither axis
是一对直线
is a pair of straight lines
不存在
does not exist
答案:D
小提示:
将平方差因式分解
Factor the difference of squares
大提示:
两个一次因式的乘积为零时,至少有一个因式为零
A product is zero when at least one of its two linear factors is zero
解答:
因式分解得 因此图形是直线 与 的并集。
正确答案是 D。
Factoring, Thus the graph is the union of the two straight lines and
The correct answer is D.
9.
一个圆内切于边长分别为 、 和 的三角形。该圆的半径为:
A circle is inscribed in a triangle with sides and The radius of the circle is:
答案:D
小提示:
这三个边长构成勾股数
The side lengths form a Pythagorean triple
大提示:
对直角三角形,
For a right triangle,
解答:
因为 ,所以这个三角形是直角三角形。其内切圆半径为
因此,正确答案是 D。
Because the triangle is right. Its inradius is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
10.
一列火车在各站之间以平均每小时 英里的速度行驶。若它要行驶 英里,并停靠 次、每次 分钟,那么全程需要多少小时?
How many hours does it take a train traveling at an average rate of mph between stops to travel miles if it makes stops of minutes each?
答案:A
小提示:
行驶时间为 小时
The moving time is hours
大提示:
相加前,先把总停靠时间 从分钟换算成小时
Convert the total stopping time from minutes to hours before adding
解答:
火车行驶 小时,停靠 小时。因此总时间为
因此,正确答案是 A。
The train moves for hours and is stopped for hours. Hence the total time is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
11.
命题“没有学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读”的否定是:
The negation of the statement “No slow learners attend this school,” is:
所有学习迟缓的学生都在这所学校就读。
All slow learners attend this school.
所有学习迟缓的学生都不在这所学校就读。
All slow learners do not attend this school.
有些学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读。
Some slow learners attend this school.
有些学习迟缓的学生不在这所学校就读。
Some slow learners do not attend this school.
没有学习迟缓的学生不在这所学校就读。
No slow learners do not attend this school.
答案:C
小提示:
“没有”表示连一个这样的例子都不存在
“No” means that there does not exist even one example
大提示:
否定一个全称排除命题,就是断言存在一个反例
Negating a universal exclusion asserts the existence of a counterexample
解答:
原命题表示所有学习迟缓的学生都不在这所学校就读。它的否定是至少有一名学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读。
因此,“有些学习迟缓的学生在这所学校就读”是正确的,所以答案是 C。
The original statement says that every slow learner is absent from the school. Its negation is that at least one slow learner attends the school.
Thus, “Some slow learners attend this school” is correct, so the answer is C.
12.
方程 的解为:
The solution of is:
、
答案:D
小提示:
根式 的实数定义域要求
The real-domain restriction gives
大提示:
在把方程两边平方之前,先检验最简单的端点
Test the simplest endpoint before squaring the equation
解答:
定义域要求 。当 时,左边为 ,所以 是一个解。要说明没有其他解,注意当 时,两个根式都不减,而 严格递增。因此,对每个 ,两个根式之和都大于 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The domain requires At the left side is so works. To see that there is no other solution, note that both radicals are nondecreasing for and is strictly increasing. Therefore the sum exceeds for every
Thus, the correct answer is D.
13.
分式 等于:
The fraction is equal to:
答案:C
小提示:
把 看作平方差
Regard as a difference of squares
大提示:
用 和 将它因式分解
Factor it using and
解答:
将分子因式分解:在原分式有定义的情况下,约去公因式后得到 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Factoring the numerator, Where the original fraction is defined, canceling the common factor leaves
Thus, the correct answer is C.
14.
矩形 的长比正方形 的边长多 %,矩形的宽比正方形的边长少 %。两者面积之比 为:
The length of rectangle is percent more than the side of square The width of the rectangle is percent less than the side of the square. The ratio of the areas, is:
答案:A
小提示:
设正方形的边长为
Let the square’s side length be
大提示:
矩形的面积为
The rectangle’s area is
解答:
若正方形的边长为 ,则矩形的长和宽分别为 和 。因此
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the square side is then the rectangle has dimensions and Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is A.
15.
两个同心圆的面积之比为 。若较小圆的半径为 ,两圆半径之差最接近:
The ratio of the areas of two concentric circles is If the radius of the smaller is then the difference between the radii is best approximated by:
答案:D
小提示:
面积之比等于半径之比的平方
Area ratios are the squares of radius ratios
大提示:
较大圆的半径为 ,所以估算
The larger radius is , so estimate
解答:
若较大圆的半径为 ,则 所以 。两半径之差为
因此,最佳近似值为 ,正确答案是 D。
If the larger radius is then so The difference is
Thus, the best approximation is and the correct answer is D.
16.
当 且 时, 的值为:
The value of when and is:
任意有限数
any finite number
无意义
meaningless
答案:E
小提示:
先把两个给定值代入分母
Substitute the two given values into the denominator first
大提示:
分母为 的分式没有定义
A fraction with denominator is undefined
解答:
代入得 。因此原式变为 ,它没有定义。
因此,这个式子无意义,正确答案是 E。
Substitution gives Hence the expression becomes which is undefined.
Thus, the expression is meaningless and the correct answer is E.
17.
若 ,则 等于:
If then equals:
或
either or
答案:C
小提示:
将 移到等式另一边
Move to the other side
大提示:
利用 并合并对数
Use and combine logarithms
解答:
使用常用对数,因此 。
正确答案是 C。
Using common logarithms, Therefore
The correct answer is C.
18.
方程 的判别式为零。因此,它的根是:
The discriminant of the equation is zero. Hence, its roots are:
相等的实数
real and equal
相等的有理数
rational and equal
不相等的有理数
rational and unequal
不相等的无理数
irrational and unequal
虚数
imaginary
答案:A
小提示:
在判别式项为零时使用求根公式
Use the quadratic formula with the discriminant term equal to zero
大提示:
然后判断所得数值 属于题目所列的哪一类
Then inspect the resulting value for the requested classifications
解答:
由于判别式为零,求根公式两次都给出 这个根是无理数,但题目所列的适用描述是“相等的实数”。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The quadratic formula gives twice because the discriminant is zero. The root is irrational, but the requested description that applies is “real and equal.”
Thus, the correct answer is A.
19.
两个数的和为 ,差的绝对值为 。以这两个数为根的方程是:
Two numbers whose sum is and the absolute value of whose difference is are roots of the equation:
答案:B
小提示:
先确定两数的大小顺序,再解 和
Solve and after choosing an order
大提示:
以 为根的首一二次多项式为
A monic quadratic with roots is
解答:
令前者为较大的数,则 给出 和 。两数之积为 ,所以以它们为根的首一方程为
因此,正确答案是 B。
Taking the larger number first, gives and Their product is so the monic equation with these roots is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
20.
使表达式 等于零的是:
The expression equals zero for:
不存在实数或虚数
no real or imaginary values of
仅不存在实数
no real values of only
仅不存在虚数
no imaginary values of only
答案:A
小提示:
在进行任何代数运算前先把根式单独放在一边
Isolate the radical before doing any algebra
大提示:
若将两边平方,要在原方程中检验每个候选值,因为根式有规定的符号
If you square, check every candidate in the original equation because the radical has a prescribed sign
解答:
要使表达式为零,必须有 根号表示主平方根。当被开方数为非负实数时,主平方根非负;在复数范围内,则选取实部非负的平方根。因此它不可能等于 。两边平方会引入增根 ,此时原表达式等于 。
因此,没有任何实数或虚数满足条件,正确答案是 A。
For the expression to vanish, one would need The radical sign denotes the principal square root. It is nonnegative for a nonnegative real radicand and, over the complex numbers, is chosen with nonnegative real part; it therefore cannot equal Squaring would introduce the extraneous candidate for which the original expression is
Thus, no real or imaginary value works, and the correct answer is A.
21.
用 表示直角三角形的斜边,用 表示其面积。斜边上的高为:
Represent the hypotenuse of a right triangle by and the area by The altitude on the hypotenuse is:
22.
对一笔 的订单,一名商人可在两种优惠中选择:连续打 、、 三次折扣,或连续打 、、 三次折扣。选择较优惠的一种,他可以节省:
On a order a merchant has a choice between three successive discounts of and and three successive discounts of and By choosing the better offer, he can save:
一分钱也省不了
nothing at all
答案:D
小提示:
连续折扣要将各次折扣后的价格因子相乘
Successive discounts multiply the remaining-price factors
大提示:
比较 与
Compare with
解答:
第一种优惠的实付价格是原价的 第二种优惠的实付价格是原价的 第二种比第一种少付订单金额的 ,即 美元。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The first offer leaves a fraction of the price. The second leaves The second is cheaper by of the order, or dollars.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
一名职员清点零用现金时,数得 枚二十五美分硬币、 枚十美分硬币、 枚五美分硬币和 枚一美分硬币。后来他发现,有 枚五美分硬币被当作二十五美分硬币,又有 枚十美分硬币被当作一美分硬币。要更正所得总额,他必须:
In checking the petty cash a clerk counts quarters, dimes, nickels, and cents. Later he discovers that of the nickels were counted as quarters and of the dimes were counted as cents. To correct the total obtained the clerk must:
不作更正
make no correction
减去 ¢
subtract ¢
减去 ¢
subtract ¢
加上 ¢
add ¢
加上 ¢
add ¢
答案:C
小提示:
每把一枚五美分硬币当作二十五美分硬币,总额就会多算 ¢
Each nickel counted as a quarter makes the total too large by ¢
大提示:
每把一枚十美分硬币当作一美分硬币,总额就会少算 ¢
Each dime counted as a cent makes the total too small by ¢
解答:
把 枚五美分硬币当作二十五美分硬币,使总额多算 ¢。把 枚十美分硬币当作一美分硬币,使总额少算 ¢。因此净多算了 美分,必须减去这个数额。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The nickels counted as quarters overstate the total by ¢. The dimes counted as cents understate it by ¢. The net overstatement is cents, so that amount must be subtracted.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
24.
函数 :
The function
总是随 的增大而增大
always increases as increases
当 减小到 时总是减小
always decreases as decreases to
不可能等于
cannot equal
当 为负数时取得最大值
has a maximum value when is negative
最小值为
has a minimum value of
答案:E
小提示:
将 配方
Complete the square in
大提示:
在配成 之前,先从二次项和一次项中提取
Factor from the quadratic terms before forming
解答:
配方得 平方项非负,所以最小值为 ,并在 时取得。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Completing the square, The squared term is nonnegative, so the minimum value is attained at
Thus, the correct answer is E.
25.
的一个因式是:
One of the factors of is:
以上都不是
none of these
答案:E
小提示:
将多项式改写为
Rewrite the polynomial as
大提示:
将所得平方差因式分解,并把两个因式与各选项比较
Factor the resulting difference of squares and compare both factors with the choices
解答:
我们有 这两个因式都不在选项 A 至 D 中。
因此,正确答案是 E。
We have Neither factor appears among choices A through D.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
26.
先生拥有一栋价值 的房子。他以 的利润将房子卖给 先生。 先生又以 的亏损将房子卖回给 先生。于是:
Mr. owns a house worth He sells it to Mr. at profit. Mr. sells the house back to Mr. at a loss. Then:
先生收支相抵
Mr. comes out even
先生赚了
Mr. makes
先生赚了
Mr. makes
先生亏了
Mr. loses
以上都不正确
none of the above is correct
答案:E
小提示:
第一次售出的价格为
The first sale price is
大提示:
先生的亏损是他所付价格的 ,而不是房子原价的
Mr. ’s loss is of what he paid, not of the original house value
解答:
先生先收到 美元。然后 先生以其 美元成本的 亏损卖出,所以 先生以 美元买回房子。 先生重新拥有房子,并赚得 美元; 先生亏损 美元。题中列出的金额都不正确。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Mr. first receives dollars. Mr. then sells at a loss of of his -dollar cost, so Mr. buys the house back for dollars. Mr. again owns the house and has gained dollars; Mr. has lost dollars. None of the stated amounts is correct.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
27.
若 和 是方程 的根,则 等于:
If and are the roots of then equals:
答案:B
小提示:
使用 和
Use and
大提示:
展开 ,再解出
Expand and isolate
解答:
由韦达定理,,且 。因此
因此,正确答案是 B。
By Vieta’s formulas, and Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
28.
在同一坐标系中画出 的图像,以及在此方程中用 替换 所得方程的图像。若 且 ,则这两个图像相交于:
On the same set of axes are drawn the graph of and the graph of the equation obtained by replacing by in the given equation. If and these two graphs intersect:
两个点,一个在 轴上,一个在 轴上
in two points, one on the -axis and one on the -axis
一个不在任何坐标轴上的点
in one point located on neither axis
仅原点
only at the origin
轴上的一个点
in one point on the -axis
轴上的一个点
in one point on the -axis
答案:E
小提示:
反射后的图像方程为
The reflected graph is
大提示:
令两个关于 的表达式相等,并使用
Set the two expressions for equal and use
解答:
用 替换 ,得 。在交点处,所以 。由于 ,必有 ,进而 。两图像恰有一个交点 ,且它在 轴上。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Replacing by gives At an intersection, so Since we must have and then There is exactly one intersection, on the -axis.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
29.
图中, 与半圆 相切, 与半圆 相切, 是一条直线;各弧如图所示。角 的度数为:
In the figure is tangent to semicircle is tangent to semicircle is a straight line; the arcs are indicated in the figure. Angle is measured by:
答案:E
小提示:
画出 ,它在 点与两个半圆都相切
Draw , which is tangent to both semicircles at
大提示:
对每个圆使用两切线夹角定理,再使用
Use the tangent-tangent angle theorem on each circle, then use
解答:
直线 在两半圆的公共端点 处与它们都相切。对较大的圆,两切线夹角定理给出 对较小的圆,同一定理给出 因此,从 经 到 的优角为 。所以两条切线之间的另一个角为 因为每个上半圆的度数都是 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The line is tangent to both semicircles at their common endpoint For the larger circle, the tangent-tangent angle theorem gives For the smaller circle, the same theorem gives Thus the reflex angle from to through has measure Hence the other angle between the tangents is because each upper semicircle has measure
Thus, the correct answer is E.
30.
方程 、、 都满足:
Each of the equations has:
有两个整数根
two integral roots
没有大于 的根
no root greater than
没有零根
no root zero
只有一个根
only one root
有一个负根和一个正根
one negative root and one positive root
答案:B
小提示:
分别解每个方程,再比较各自根的性质
Solve each equation separately and compare the properties of their roots
大提示:
对根式方程,舍去使任一被开方数为负的候选值
For the radical equation, reject candidates that make either radicand negative
解答:
第一个方程给出 。对第二个方程作平方差因式分解,得到 所以 或 。将第三个方程两边平方,得到 ,候选值为 和 ;只有 满足实数定义域的限制。所得的每个根都不大于 。
因此,每个方程都没有大于 的根,正确答案是 B。
The first equation gives Factoring the difference of squares in the second gives so or Squaring the third gives with candidates and only satisfies the real-domain restrictions. Every root obtained is at most
Thus, each equation has no root greater than and the correct answer is B.
31.
一个边长为 的等边三角形被一条平行于其一边的直线分成一个三角形和一个梯形。若梯形的面积等于原三角形面积的一半,则梯形中位线的长度为:
An equilateral triangle whose side is is divided into a triangle and a trapezoid by a line drawn parallel to one of its sides. If the area of the trapezoid equals one-half of the area of the original triangle, the length of the median of the trapezoid is:
答案:D
小提示:
小三角形的面积是原三角形的一半,利用相似求出其边长
The small triangle has half the original area, so determine its side using similarity
大提示:
梯形中位线的长度等于两条平行边长度的平均数
The trapezoid median is the average of its two parallel side lengths
解答:
小三角形的面积也等于原三角形面积的一半。若小三角形中平行于原底边的边长为 ,由相似关系 所以 。梯形两条平行边的长度为 和 ,因此其中位线长为
因此,正确答案是 D。
The small triangle also has half the original area. If its side parallel to the original base has length similarity gives so The parallel sides of the trapezoid have lengths and so its median has length
Thus, the correct answer is D.
32.
若 的判别式为零,则关于 、 和 的另一个正确结论是:
If the discriminant of is zero, then another true statement about and is that:
它们构成等差数列
they form an arithmetic progression
它们构成等比数列
they form a geometric progression
它们互不相等
they are unequal
它们全是负数
they are all negative numbers
只有 为负数,而 和 为正数
only is negative and and are positive
答案:B
小提示:
令 等于零
Set equal to zero
大提示:
将所得关系与等差数列和等比数列的判定条件比较
Compare the resulting relation with the defining tests for arithmetic and geometric progressions
解答:
判别式为零给出 因而 。等价地,在比值有定义时,,这正是 构成等比数列的条件。
因此,正确答案是 B。
A zero discriminant gives hence Equivalently, where the ratios are defined, which is the defining relation for to form a geometric progression.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
33.
亨利在上午 点至 点之间、钟表两针重合时出发。他在下午 点至 点之间、两针恰好相差 时到达目的地。这次行程用时:
Henry starts a trip when the hands of the clock are together between a.m. and a.m. He arrives at his destination between p.m. and p.m. when the hands of the clock are exactly apart. The trip takes:
小时
hr.
小时 分钟
hr. min.
小时 分钟
hr. min.
小时 分钟
hr. min.
以上都不是
none of these
答案:A
小提示:
出发时,分针必须以每分钟 的相对速度追上 的差距
At the start, the minute hand must close a gap at per minute
大提示:
计算 之后两针反向时的对应时刻,并比较两个时刻在整点后的偏移
Compute the corresponding time after when the hands are opposite and compare the two offsets
解答:
在 时,时针领先 。分针以每分钟 的相对速度追赶,所以两针在 点后的 分钟重合。在 时,时针领先 。要使两针沿相关方向相差 ,分针必须追赶 ,同样需要 分钟。因此,出发和到达时刻在各自整点后的分钟数相同,恰好相隔六小时。
因此,正确答案是 A。
At the hour hand is ahead. The minute hand gains at per minute, so the hands coincide minutes after At the hour hand is ahead. For the hands to be apart in the relevant direction, the minute hand must gain again taking minutes. The start and finish therefore have the same minute offset within their hours, exactly six hours apart.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
34.
将一根直径为 英寸的圆柱和一根直径为 英寸的圆柱并放在一起,用铁丝捆住。能绕住它们的最短铁丝长度为:
A -inch-diameter pole and an -inch-diameter pole are placed together and bound together with wire. The length of the shortest wire that will go around them is:
答案:C
小提示:
铁丝由两条公外切线段和每个圆上的一段外露圆弧组成
The wire consists of two common external tangent segments and one exposed arc on each circle
大提示:
使用半径 和 ;每条切线段的长度为
Use radii and ; each tangent segment has length
解答:
两圆心相距 英寸,半径相差 。因此每条公外切线段长 两条共长 。由切线的几何关系,半径为 的圆上有一段 的外露弧,半径为 的圆上有一段 的外露弧。两段弧长之和为 因此铁丝长为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The centers are inches apart and their radii differ by Thus each common external tangent segment has length contributing in all. The geometry of the tangent lines leaves a exposed arc on the radius- circle and a exposed arc on the radius- circle. Their lengths total Hence the wire length is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
35.
三个男孩约定按如下方式分一袋弹珠。第一个男孩拿走比总数一半多一颗的弹珠。第二个男孩拿走剩余弹珠的三分之一。第三个男孩发现,留给他的弹珠数是第二个男孩的两倍。原有弹珠数:
Three boys agree to divide a bag of marbles in the following manner. The first boy takes one more than half the marbles. The second takes a third of the number remaining. The third boy finds that he is left with twice as many marbles as the second boy. The original number of marbles:
不属于以下任何一种情况
is none of the following
无法由已知数据确定
cannot be determined from the given data
是 或
is or
是 或
is or
是 或
is or
答案:B
小提示:
设原有弹珠数为 ,表示第一个男孩拿走后剩余的数量
Let the original number be and express the remainder after the first boy
大提示:
将后两个男孩所得数量的条件写成方程,看看能否唯一确定
Translate the last two boys’ share condition into an equation and see whether it determines uniquely
解答:
第一个男孩拿走 ,剩下 。第二个男孩拿走余数的三分之一,第三个男孩得到另外三分之二,自动是第二个男孩所得的两倍。因此分配条件不能唯一确定 。它只要求 是 的非负倍数,所以 等许多数值都可行。
因此,原有弹珠数无法确定,正确答案是 B。
The first boy takes leaving The second takes one third of that remainder, and the third receives the other two thirds, automatically twice the second boy’s share. Thus the share condition imposes no unique value of It only requires to be a nonnegative multiple of so many values such as work.
Therefore the original number cannot be determined, and the correct answer is B.
36.
一个水平放置的圆柱形油罐,内部长 英尺,内径为 英尺。若油面的矩形面积为 平方英尺,则油的深度为:
A cylindrical oil tank, lying horizontally, has an interior length of feet and an interior diameter of feet. If the rectangular surface of the oil has an area of square feet, the depth of the oil is:
或
either or
答案:E
小提示:
油面是长为 的矩形,所以宽为
The oil surface is a rectangle of length , so its width is
大提示:
在圆形端面中,长为 的弦到圆心的距离为
In the circular end, a chord of length lies from the center
解答:
矩形油面的长为 ,所以它在圆形截面中的弦宽为 。半弦长为 ,半径为 ,因此圆心到弦的距离为 这样长的弦可以位于圆心下方,也可以位于圆心上方。从油罐底部量起,相应的深度为 和 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The rectangular surface has length so its chord width in the circular cross-section is Half the chord is and the radius is so the distance from the center to the chord is A chord of this length can lie either below or above the center. Measured from the bottom of the tank, the corresponding depths are and
Thus, the correct answer is E.
37.
一个三位数从左到右的数字为 、 和 ,其中 。用原数减去各位数字倒序所得的数,差的个位数字为 。从右到左接下来的两个数字是:
A three-digit number has, from left to right, the digits and with When the number with the digits reversed is subtracted from the original number, the units’ digit in the difference is The next two digits, from right to left, are:
和
and
和
and
无法确定
impossible to tell
和
and
和
and
答案:B
小提示:
以代数式相减:
Subtract algebraically:
大提示:
求使 的个位数字为 的数位差
Find the digit for which ends in
解答:
差为 。由于 是从 到 的整数,并且个位数字是 ,所以需要 。由此得 ,因而差为 从右向左,在个位数字 之后的两个数字是 和 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The difference is Since is an integer from through and the units digit is we need This gives so the difference is Moving from right to left after the units digit the next digits are and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
38.
给定四个正整数。任取其中三个,求它们的算术平均数,再把结果加到第四个整数上。这样得到 、、 和 。原来的一个整数是:
Four positive integers are given. Select any three of these integers, find their arithmetic average, and add this result to the fourth integer. Thus the numbers and are obtained. One of the original integers is:
答案:B
小提示:
若原数之和为 ,单独取出的整数为 ,所得结果为
If the original sum is and the singled-out integer is the result is
大提示:
将四个给出的结果相加,以求出
Sum all four reported results to determine
解答:
若原来的四个整数之和为 ,则与单独取出的整数 对应的结果为 将四个给出的结果相加会把总和计为 ,所以 因此结果 来自 。
因此,原来的一个整数是 ,正确答案是 B。
If the original integers sum to the result associated with singled-out integer is Summing all four reported results counts the total as so The result therefore comes from
Thus, one original integer is and the correct answer is B.
39.
若 ,且 的最小可能值为零,则 等于:
If then if the least possible value of is zero, is equal to:
答案:B
小提示:
将 配方
Complete the square in
大提示:
最小值在 时取得
The minimum occurs when
解答:
配方得 它的最小值为 。令其等于零,得 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Completing the square, Its least value is Setting this equal to zero gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
40.
若 ,在下列哪种情况下,分式 与 不相等?
If the fractions and are unequal if:
且
and
答案:A
小提示:
对等式 交叉相乘
Cross-multiply the equality
大提示:
化简后,等式是否成立由 决定
After cancellation, equality is governed by
解答:
在两个分式都有定义的地方,若它们相等,则必须有 化简为 。在选项 A 中, 给出 ,且 ,所以两分式不可能相等。选项 B 至 E 中的每一个反而都直接保证两式相等。
因此,在选项 A 的条件下,两分式不相等。
Where the fractions are defined, equality would require which simplifies to Under choice A, gives and so equality is impossible. Each of B through E instead forces equality directly.
Thus, the fractions are unequal under choice A.
41.
一列从 A 镇开往 B 镇的火车行驶 小时后发生事故。火车停驶 小时,随后以通常速度的五分之四继续行驶,晚 小时到达 B 镇。若火车在事故发生前多行驶 英里,就只会晚 小时。火车通常的速度为:
A train traveling from Aytown to Beetown meets with an accident after hr. It is stopped for hr., after which it proceeds at four-fifths of its usual rate, arriving at Beetown hr. late. If the train had covered miles more before the accident, it would have been just hr. late. The usual rate of the train is:
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
答案:A
小提示:
以通常速度的 行驶,会使受影响路段的行驶时间比正常多四分之一
Traveling at speed adds one-fourth of the normal time for the affected distance
大提示:
比较两种延误;事故地点后移 英里会使延误减少 小时
Compare the two delays; moving the accident point miles changes the delay by hour
解答:
设通常速度为每小时 英里,全程距离为 。行驶第一小时后,剩余路程按正常速度所需时间为 。以 的速度行驶会多用这段正常时间的四分之一,所以 若事故在多行驶 英里后发生,则 用第一个方程减去第二个方程,得 ,因此 英里/小时。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the usual rate be mph and the total distance be After the first hour, the normal time for the remaining distance is Traveling it at adds one-fourth of that time, so If the accident occurs miles later, Subtracting the second equation from the first gives hence mph.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
42.
若 、 和 均为正整数,则根式 与 相等的充要条件是:
If and are positive integers, the radicals and are equal when and only when:
且
and
且 可取任意值
and is any value
且
and
答案:C
小提示:
等式两边均为正数,所以将两边平方
Both sides are positive, so square the equality
大提示:
将所得方程乘以 ,再解出
Multiply the resulting equation by and isolate
解答:
由于所有量均为正数,平方是等价变形:两边乘以 ,得 ,所以
因此,正确答案是 C。
Because all quantities are positive, squaring is reversible: Multiplying by gives so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
43.
方程 与 的公共解中, 与 的取值对共有:
The pairs of values of and that are the common solutions of the equations and are:
对实数解
real pairs
对实数解
real pairs
对虚数解
imaginary pairs
对实数解和 对虚数解
real and imaginary pairs
对实数解和 对虚数解
real and imaginary pairs
答案:E
小提示:
将第二个方程改写为
Rewrite the second equation as
大提示:
代入 ,得到关于 的三次方程
Substitute to obtain a cubic in
解答:
代入 ,得 的三个立方根包括一个实根和两个非实根。每个根都恰好确定一个对应的 。因此有一对实数解和两对虚数解。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Substitution into gives The three cube roots of consist of one real root and two nonreal roots. Each determines exactly one corresponding value Therefore there is one real pair and two imaginary pairs.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
44.
在圆 中,延长弦 ,使 等于圆的半径。连接 并延长至 。连接 。下列哪一项表示角 与 的关系?
In circle chord is produced so that equals a radius of the circle. is drawn and extended to is drawn. Which of the following expresses the relationship between angles and
与 之间没有特殊关系
there is no special relationship between and
或 ,取决于 的长度
or depending upon the length of
答案:A
小提示:
由于 ,三角形 是等腰三角形
Since triangle is isosceles
大提示:
先使用 点处的外角,再使用
Use the exterior angle at , then use
解答:
因为 ,所以三角形 是等腰三角形,故 。因此它在 点处的外角为 。又因为 ,三角形 也是等腰三角形,且 。在三角形 中, 点和 点处的角分别为 和 ,所以 。角 与 互为补角,因此 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Because triangle is isosceles, so Its exterior angle at is therefore Since triangle is also isosceles and In triangle the angles at and are and so Angle is supplementary to hence
Thus, the correct answer is A.
45.
给定一个首项 且 的等比数列,以及一个首项 的等差数列。将这两个数列的对应项相加,得到第三个数列 、、、。第三个数列前十项的和为:
Given a geometric sequence with the first term and and an arithmetic sequence with the first term A third sequence is formed by adding corresponding terms of the two given sequences. The sum of the first ten terms of the third sequence is:
无法由已知信息确定
not possible to determine from the information given
答案:A
小提示:
将两个数列分别写成 和
Write the two sequences as and
大提示:
利用前三项之和以及条件 求出
Use the first three sums and the condition to determine
解答:
前三个对应项之和给出 代入 ,得 。由于 ,所以 ,且 。等比数列前十项之和为 ,等差数列前十项之和为 。两者之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The first three termwise sums give Substituting yields Since we have and The first ten geometric terms sum to while the first ten arithmetic terms sum to Their combined sum is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
46.
图像 、、 和 相交于:
The graphs of and intersect in:
个点
points
个点
point
个点
points
没有交点
no points
无穷多个点
an unlimited number of points
答案:B
小提示:
联立求解前两个一次方程
Solve the first two linear equations simultaneously
大提示:
检验该解是否也满足后面两个方程
Check whether that solution also satisfies each of the last two displayed equations
解答:
前两个方程相加得 ,所以 。代入得 ,因而 。此点也在后面给出的两条直线上。因此,四个图像仅有一个公共点 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Adding the first two equations gives so Substitution gives hence This point also lies on the last two given lines. Therefore all four graphs have the single common point
Thus, the correct answer is B.
47.
表达式 与 :
The expressions and are:
总是相等
always equal
从不相等
never equal
当 时相等
equal when
当 时相等
equal when
仅当 时相等
equal only when
答案:C
小提示:
展开
Expand
大提示:
减去 ,并将所得差因式分解
Subtract and factor the difference
解答:
两式之差为 特别地,每当 时,这个差为零,两式相等。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The difference is In particular, whenever this difference is zero and the expressions are equal.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
48.
给定三角形 ,其中 、、 为中线; 与 平行且等长;连接 和 ;延长 ,与 交于 。下列哪一项不一定正确?
Given triangle with medians parallel and equal in length to and are drawn; extended meets in Which one of the following statements is not necessarily correct?
是平行四边形
is a parallelogram
是三角形 的中线
is a median of triangle
答案:B
小提示:
设 、、,并求出中点
Place and compute the midpoints
大提示:
使用 ,再在 上纵坐标为 的位置确定
Use , then locate where reaches height
解答:
设 、、。则 由 ,得 。水平直线 在从 到 的中点处与 相交,即 。这些坐标验证了 是平行四边形、、,且 是 的中点,所以 是一条中线。但是 它们通常并不相等。
因此,选项 B 不一定正确。
Set Then Since we get The horizontal line meets halfway from to at These coordinates verify that is a parallelogram, and is the midpoint of making a median. But which are not generally equal.
Thus, statement B is not necessarily correct.
49.
图像 与 相交于:
The graphs of and intersect in:
一个横坐标为 的点
one point whose abscissa is
一个横坐标为 的点
one point whose abscissa is
没有交点
no points
两个不同的点
two distinct points
两个重合的点
two identical points
答案:C
小提示:
将 因式分解,但保留原限制
Factor , but keep the original restriction
大提示:
将化简后两条直线的代数交点与定义域限制比较
Compare the algebraic intersection of the simplified lines with that domain restriction
解答:
当 时,直线 与 原本会在 处相交。但是 不在原有理函数的定义域内,所以该点是一个空点,两图像没有交点。
因此,正确答案是 C。
For The lines and would meet at But is excluded from the original rational function, so that point is a hole and there is no intersection.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
50.
在双车道公路上,为了超过以每小时 英里行驶的 ,以每小时 英里行驶的 必须相对前进 英尺。与此同时,距 英尺的 正以每小时 英里的速度迎面驶来。若 与 保持各自速度,为了安全超车, 必须将速度提高:
In order to pass going mph on a two-lane highway going mph, must gain feet. Meantime, feet from is headed toward him at mph. If and maintain their speeds, then, in order to pass safely, must increase his speed by:
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
英里/小时
mph
答案:C
小提示:
设 为 的新速度,令超车所需时间等于 与 相遇前的时间
Let be ’s new speed and equate the passing time to the time before and meet
大提示:
使用相对距离和相对速度:
Use relative distances and speeds:
解答:
设 为 的新速度。相对于 , 以每小时 英里的速度追赶,因此超车时间与 成正比。 与 以每小时 英里的相对速度缩短 英尺的间距,因此相遇时间与 成正比。在恰好能够安全超车的临界时刻,所以 ,得 英里/小时。 必须把原速度提高 英里/小时。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let be ’s new speed. Relative to gains at mph, so the passing time is proportional to and close their -foot separation at mph, so their meeting time is proportional to At the limiting safe time, Thus giving mph. must increase his original speed by mph.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.