1955 AMC 12 第 38 题

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38.

给定四个正整数。任取其中三个,求它们的算术平均数,再把结果加到第四个整数上。这样得到 2929232321211717。原来的一个整数是:

Four positive integers are given. Select any three of these integers, find their arithmetic average, and add this result to the fourth integer. Thus the numbers 29,29, 23,23, 2121 and 1717 are obtained. One of the original integers is:

1919

2121

2323

2929

1717

答案:B
知识点:linear systemaveragessum invariant
难度评级:1840
小提示:

若原数之和为 SS,单独取出的整数为 xx,所得结果为 S+2x3\frac{S+2x}{3}

If the original sum is SS and the singled-out integer is x,x, the result is S+2x3\frac{S+2x}{3}

大提示:

将四个给出的结果相加,以求出 SS

Sum all four reported results to determine SS

解答:

若原来的四个整数之和为 SS,则与单独取出的整数 xx 对应的结果为 x+Sx3=S+2x3 x+\frac{S-x}{3}=\frac{S+2x}{3}\text{。}将四个给出的结果相加会把总和计为 2S2S,所以 S=29+23+21+172=45 S=\frac{29+23+21+17}{2}=45\text{。}因此结果 2929 来自 x=3(29)452=21x=\dfrac{3(29)-45}{2}=21

因此,原来的一个整数是 2121,正确答案是 B

If the original integers sum to S,S, the result associated with singled-out integer xx is x+Sx3=S+2x3. x+\frac{S-x}{3}=\frac{S+2x}{3}. Summing all four reported results counts the total as 2S,2S, so S=29+23+21+172=45. S=\frac{29+23+21+17}{2}=45. The result 2929 therefore comes from x=3(29)452=21.x=\dfrac{3(29)-45}{2}=21.

Thus, one original integer is 21,21, and the correct answer is B.

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