1957 AMC 12 第 38 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

38.

用一个两位数 NN 减去数字倒序所得的数,结果是一个正的完全立方数。则:

From a two-digit number NN we subtract the number with the digits reversed and find that the result is a positive perfect cube. Then:

NN 的个位不能是 55

NN cannot end in 55

NN 的个位可以是除 55 外的任意数字

NN can end in any digit other than 55

这样的 NN 不存在

NN does not exist

恰有 77NN

there are exactly 77 values for NN

恰有 1010NN

there are exactly 1010 values for NN

答案:D
知识点:数字完全幂系统列举
难度评级:1630
小提示:

若两个数字满足 a>ba>b,则原数与倒序数之差为 9(ab)9(a-b)

If the digits are a>b,a>b, the difference from the reversal is 9(ab)9(a-b)

大提示:

差至多为 8181,所以检查不大于 8181 的正完全立方数

The difference is at most 81,81, so test the positive cubes no larger than 8181

解答:

写成 N=10a+bN=10a+b,正的差为 (10a+b)(10b+a)=9(ab) \begin{aligned} &(10a+b)-(10b+a)\\ &\quad=9(a-b) \end{aligned}\text{。}它至多为 8181。在 118827276464 中,只有 2727 能被 99 整除,所以 ab=3a-b=3。数字对为 (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),(7,4),(8,5),(9,6) \begin{gathered} (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),\\ (7,4),(8,5),(9,6) \end{gathered}\text{,}因而恰有七个 NN 值。

因此,正确答案是 D

Writing N=10a+b,N=10a+b, the positive difference is (10a+b)(10b+a)=9(ab). \begin{aligned} &(10a+b)-(10b+a)\\ &\quad=9(a-b). \end{aligned} It is at most 81.81. Among 1,1, 8,8, 27,27, and 64,64, only 2727 is divisible by 9,9, so ab=3.a-b=3. The digit pairs are (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),(7,4),(8,5),(9,6), \begin{gathered} (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),\\ (7,4),(8,5),(9,6), \end{gathered} giving exactly seven values of N.N.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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