1957 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

一个等腰但非等边的三角形中,各条高、中线和内角平分线所代表的不同直线共有:

The number of distinct lines representing the altitudes, medians, and interior angle bisectors of a triangle that is isosceles, but not equilateral, is:

99

77

66

55

33

知识点:等腰三角形中线(几何)高线角平分线
难度评级:1340
小提示:

将顶角顶点所引的直线与两个底角顶点所引的直线分开考虑

Separate the line from the apex from the lines drawn from the two base vertices

大提示:

在顶角顶点,高、中线和角平分线重合;在任一底角顶点,它们都不重合

At the apex, the altitude, median, and angle bisector coincide; at either base vertex they do not

解答:

从顶角顶点引出的高、中线和角平分线是同一条直线。在两个底角顶点中的每一个处,这三条直线互不相同。因此共有 1+3+3=7 1+3+3=7 条不同的直线。

因此,正确答案是 B

The altitude, median, and angle bisector from the apex are the same line. At each of the two base vertices, those three lines are distinct. Thus there are 1+3+3=7 1+3+3=7 distinct lines.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

2.

在方程 2x2hx+2k=02x^2-hx+2k=0 中,根的和为 44,根的积为 3-3。则 hhkk 的值依次为:

In the equation 2x2hx+2k=0,2x^2-hx+2k=0, the sum of the roots is 44 and the product of the roots is 3.-3. Then hh and kk have the values, respectively:

886-6

88 and 6-6

443-3

44 and 3-3

3-344

3-3 and 44

3-388

3-3 and 88

883-3

88 and 3-3

难度评级:1000
小提示:

无需求解二次方程,直接应用韦达定理

Apply Vieta’s formulas without first solving the quadratic

大提示:

根的和为 h2\frac{h}{2},根的积为 kk

The sum is h2\frac{h}{2} and the product is kk

解答:

由韦达定理,根的和与积满足 h2=4,2k2=k=3 \begin{aligned} \frac h2&=4,\\ \frac{2k}{2}&=k=-3 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 h=8h=8,且 k=3k=-3

因此,正确答案是 E

By Vieta’s formulas, the sum and product of the roots are h2=4,2k2=k=3. \begin{aligned} \frac h2&=4,\\ \frac{2k}{2}&=k=-3. \end{aligned} Hence h=8h=8 and k=3.k=-3.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

3.

111+a1a1-\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{a}{1-a}} 的最简形式为:

The simplest form of 111+a1a1-\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{a}{1-a}} is:

a0a\ne0 时为 aa

aa if a0a\ne0

11

a1a\ne-1 时为 aa

aa if a1a\ne-1

1a1-a,且 aa 不受限制

1a1-a with no restriction on aa

a1a\ne1 时为 aa

aa if a1a\ne1

难度评级:1210
小提示:

先合并 1+a1a1+\frac{a}{1-a},再取倒数

Combine 1+a1a1+\frac{a}{1-a} before taking its reciprocal

大提示:

保留原式中每个分母所施加的限制

Retain every restriction imposed by the original denominator

解答:

原式要求 a1a\ne1。对于这样的 aa1+a1a=1a+a1a=11a \begin{aligned} 1+\frac{a}{1-a} &=\frac{1-a+a}{1-a}\\ &=\frac1{1-a} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此原式等于 1(1a)=a1-(1-a)=a。限制条件 a1a\ne1 仍须保留。

因此,正确答案是 E

The original expression requires a1.a\ne1. For such a,a, 1+a1a=1a+a1a=11a. \begin{aligned} 1+\frac{a}{1-a} &=\frac{1-a+a}{1-a}\\ &=\frac1{1-a}. \end{aligned} Therefore the expression is 1(1a)=a.1-(1-a)=a. The restriction a1a\ne1 remains.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

4.

使用形式为 a(b+c)=ab+aca(b+c)=ab+ac 的分配律求乘积 (3x+2)(x5)(3x+2)(x-5) 时,第一步是:

The first step in finding the product (3x+2)(x5)(3x+2)(x-5) by use of the distributive property in the form a(b+c)=ab+aca(b+c)=ab+ac is:

3x213x103x^2-13x-10

3x(x5)+2(x5)3x(x-5)+2(x-5)

(3x+2)x+(3x+2)(5)(3x+2)x+(3x+2)(-5)

3x217x103x^2-17x-10

3x2+2x15x103x^2+2x-15x-10

难度评级:940
小提示:

将第二个因式与所给形式中的 b+cb+c 对应

Match the second factor with b+cb+c in the stated form

大提示:

a=3x+2a=3x+2b=xb=xc=5c=-5

Take a=3x+2,a=3x+2, b=x,b=x, and c=5c=-5

解答:

严格按题中所给形式应用分配律,令 a=3x+2a=3x+2b=xb=x,且 c=5c=-5。则 (3x+2)(x5)=(3x+2)x+(3x+2)(5) \begin{gathered} (3x+2)(x-5)\\ =(3x+2)x+(3x+2)(-5) \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Using the property in precisely the stated form, set a=3x+2,a=3x+2, b=x,b=x, and c=5.c=-5. Then (3x+2)(x5)=(3x+2)x+(3x+2)(5). \begin{gathered} (3x+2)(x-5)\\ =(3x+2)x+(3x+2)(-5). \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

5.

利用对数运算法则,logab+logbc+logcdlogaydx\log\dfrac ab+\log\dfrac bc+\log\dfrac cd-\log\dfrac{ay}{dx} 可化简为:

Through the use of theorems on logarithms, logab+logbc+logcdlogaydx\log\dfrac ab+\log\dfrac bc+\log\dfrac cd-\log\dfrac{ay}{dx} can be reduced to:

logyx\log\dfrac yx

logxy\log\dfrac xy

11

00

loga2yd2x\log\dfrac{a^2y}{d^2x}

难度评级:1280
小提示:

将前三个对数的真数相乘,从而合并这些对数

Combine the first three logarithms by multiplying their arguments

大提示:

乘积 (ab)(bc)(cd) (\frac{a}{b})(\frac{b}{c})(\frac{c}{d}) 约分后为 ad\frac{a}{d}

The product (ab)(bc)(cd) (\frac{a}{b})(\frac{b}{c})(\frac{c}{d}) telescopes to ad\frac{a}{d}

解答:

合并各对数,得到 log(abbccddxay)=log(addxay)=logxy \begin{aligned} &\log\left(\frac ab\frac bc\frac cd\frac{dx}{ay}\right)\\ &\quad=\log\left(\frac ad\frac{dx}{ay}\right)\\ &\quad=\log\frac xy \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Combining the logarithms gives log(abbccddxay)=log(addxay)=logxy. \begin{aligned} &\log\left(\frac ab\frac bc\frac cd\frac{dx}{ay}\right)\\ &\quad=\log\left(\frac ad\frac{dx}{ay}\right)\\ &\quad=\log\frac xy. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

6.

用一块 1010 英寸乘 1414 英寸的长方形金属片制作一个无盖盒子:从每个角剪去一个边长为 xx 英寸的正方形,再把留下的凸出部分向上折起并焊接接缝。所得盒子的体积为:

An open box is constructed by starting with a rectangular sheet of metal 1010 in. by 1414 in. and cutting a square of side xx inches from each corner. The resulting projections are folded up and the seams welded. The volume of the resulting box is:

140x48x2+4x3140x-48x^2+4x^3

140x+48x2+4x3140x+48x^2+4x^3

140x+24x2+x3140x+24x^2+x^3

140x24x2+x3140x-24x^2+x^3

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1490
小提示:

折起后,盒高为 xx,底面的每个边长都减少 2x2x

After folding, the height is xx and each base dimension loses 2x2x

大提示:

将体积写成 x(102x)(142x)x(10-2x)(14-2x)

Write the volume as x(102x)(142x)x(10-2x)(14-2x)

解答:

盒高为 xx,底面的两个边长分别为 102x10-2x142x14-2x。因此 V=x(102x)(142x)=140x48x2+4x3 \begin{aligned} V&=x(10-2x)(14-2x)\\ &=140x-48x^2+4x^3 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The box has height xx and base dimensions 102x10-2x and 142x.14-2x. Hence V=x(102x)(142x)=140x48x2+4x3. \begin{aligned} V&=x(10-2x)(14-2x)\\ &=140x-48x^2+4x^3. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

7.

一个等边三角形的内切圆面积为 48π48\pi。这个三角形的周长为:

The area of a circle inscribed in an equilateral triangle is 48π.48\pi. The perimeter of this triangle is:

72372\sqrt3

48348\sqrt3

3636

2424

7272

难度评级:1360
小提示:

利用 πr2=48π\pi r^2=48\pi 求内切圆半径

Use πr2=48π\pi r^2=48\pi to find the inradius

大提示:

边长为 ss 的等边三角形,其内切圆半径为 s36\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}

For an equilateral triangle of side s,s, the inradius is s36\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}

解答:

内切圆半径满足 r2=48r^2=48,所以 r=43r=4\sqrt3。若边长为 ss,则 r=s36 r=\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}\text{,}解得 s=24s=24。周长为 3s=723s=72

因此,正确答案是 E

The inradius satisfies r2=48,r^2=48, so r=43.r=4\sqrt3. If ss is the side length, then r=s36, r=\frac{s\sqrt3}{6}, which gives s=24.s=24. The perimeter is 3s=72.3s=72.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

8.

xxyyzz223355 成比例。xxyyzz 的和为 100100。数 yy 满足方程 y=ax10y=ax-10。则 aa 为:

The numbers x,x, y,y, zz are proportional to 2,2, 3,3, 5.5. The sum of x,x, y,y, and zz is 100.100. The number yy is given by the equation y=ax10.y=ax-10. Then aa is:

22

23\dfrac23

33

52\dfrac52

44

难度评级:1180
小提示:

x,y,zx,y,z 分别写成 2t,3t,5t2t,3t,5t

Write x,y,zx,y,z as 2t,3t,5t2t,3t,5t

大提示:

由它们的和求出 tt,再将 xxyy 代入所给方程

Their sum determines tt, after which substitute xx and yy into the given equation

解答:

x=2tx=2ty=3ty=3t,且 z=5tz=5t。因为 10t=10010t=100,所以 t=10t=10,从而 x=20x=20y=30y=30。因此 30=20a10 30=20a-10\text{,}解得 a=2a=2

因此,正确答案是 A

Let x=2t,x=2t, y=3t,y=3t, and z=5t.z=5t. Since 10t=100,10t=100, we get t=10,t=10, so x=20x=20 and y=30.y=30. Thus 30=20a10, 30=20a-10, and a=2.a=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

9.

x=2x=2y=2y=-2 时,xyxyx-y^{x-y} 的值为:

The value of xyxyx-y^{x-y} when x=2x=2 and y=2y=-2 is:

18-18

14-14

1414

1818

256256

难度评级:1060
小提示:

先计算指数 xyx-y,再计算幂

Evaluate the exponent xyx-y before the power

大提示:

幂这一项是 (2)4(-2)^4,而不是 24-2^4

The powered term is (2)4(-2)^4, not 24-2^4

解答:

此时 xy=2(2)=4x-y=2-(-2)=4。因此 xyxy=2(2)4=216=14 \begin{aligned} x-y^{x-y} &=2-(-2)^4\\ &=2-16=-14 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Here xy=2(2)=4.x-y=2-(-2)=4. Therefore xyxy=2(2)4=216=14. \begin{aligned} x-y^{x-y} &=2-(-2)^4\\ &=2-16=-14. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

函数 y=2x2+4x+3y=2x^2+4x+3 的图像具有:

The graph of y=2x2+4x+3y=2x^2+4x+3 has its:

最低点 (1,9)(-1,9)

lowest point at (1,9)(-1,9)

最低点 (1,1)(1,1)

lowest point at (1,1)(1,1)

最低点 (1,1)(-1,1)

lowest point at (1,1)(-1,1)

最高点 (1,9)(-1,9)

highest point at (1,9)(-1,9)

最高点 (1,1)(-1,1)

highest point at (1,1)(-1,1)

难度评级:1390
小提示:

2x2+4x+32x^2+4x+3 配方

Complete the square in 2x2+4x+32x^2+4x+3

大提示:

因为平方项的系数为正,所以顶点是最低点

Because the coefficient of the square is positive, the vertex is a minimum

解答:

配方得到 y=2(x+1)2+1 y=2(x+1)^2+1\text{。}平方项非负,所以图像的最低点为 (1,1)(-1,1)

因此,正确答案是 C

Completing the square, y=2(x+1)2+1. y=2(x+1)^2+1. The squared term is nonnegative, so the graph has its lowest point at (1,1).(-1,1).

Thus, the correct answer is C.

11.

时钟在 2:152:15 时,时针与分针所成的角为:

The angle formed by the hands of a clock at 2:152:15 is:

3030^\circ

271227\frac12^\circ

15712157\frac12^\circ

17212172\frac12^\circ

以上都不是

none of these

知识点:时钟导角
难度评级:1210
小提示:

2:152:15 时,分针与十二点方向成 9090^\circ

At 2:15,2:15, the minute hand is at 9090^\circ from twelve

大提示:

时针已走过从二点到三点这段 3030^\circ 夹角的四分之一

The hour hand has advanced one quarter of the 3030^\circ interval from two to three

解答:

分针从十二点方向顺时针转过 9090^\circ。时针从十二点方向转过 2(30)+14(30)=67.5 2(30^\circ)+\frac14(30^\circ)=67.5^\circ\text{。}两针所成的较小角为 9067.5=22.590^\circ-67.5^\circ=22.5^\circ,不在选项中。

因此,正确答案是 E

The minute hand is 9090^\circ clockwise from twelve. The hour hand is 2(30)+14(30)=67.5 2(30^\circ)+\frac14(30^\circ)=67.5^\circ from twelve. Their smaller angle is 9067.5=22.5,90^\circ-67.5^\circ=22.5^\circ, which is not listed.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

12.

比较数 104910^{-49}210502\cdot10^{-50},可知:

Comparing the numbers 104910^{-49} and 21050,2\cdot10^{-50}, we may say:

第一个数比第二个数大 81018\cdot10^{-1}

the first exceeds the second by 81018\cdot10^{-1}

第一个数比第二个数大 21012\cdot10^{-1}

the first exceeds the second by 21012\cdot10^{-1}

第一个数比第二个数大 810508\cdot10^{-50}

the first exceeds the second by 810508\cdot10^{-50}

第二个数是第一个数的五倍

the second is five times the first

第一个数比第二个数大 55

the first exceeds the second by 55

难度评级:1390
小提示:

将两个数都写成含有相同的十的幂

Express both numbers with the same power of ten

大提示:

104910^{-49} 改写为 10105010\cdot10^{-50}

Rewrite 104910^{-49} as 10105010\cdot10^{-50}

解答:

使用相同的十的幂,得到 104921050=(102)1050=81050 \begin{gathered} 10^{-49}-2\cdot10^{-50}\\ =(10-2)10^{-50}\\ =8\cdot10^{-50} \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Using a common power of ten, 104921050=(102)1050=81050. \begin{gathered} 10^{-49}-2\cdot10^{-50}\\ =(10-2)10^{-50}\\ =8\cdot10^{-50}. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

位于 2\sqrt23\sqrt3 之间的一个有理数是:

A rational number between 2\sqrt2 and 3\sqrt3 is:

2+32\dfrac{\sqrt2+\sqrt3}{2}

232\dfrac{\sqrt2\cdot\sqrt3}{2}

1.51.5

1.81.8

1.41.4

难度评级:1260
小提示:

将小数选项与 21.414\sqrt2\approx1.41431.732\sqrt3\approx1.732 比较

Compare the decimal choices with 21.414\sqrt2\approx1.414 and 31.732\sqrt3\approx1.732

大提示:

前两个选项中的根式都是无理数

The radical expressions in the first two choices are irrational

解答:

因为 21.414<1.5,1.5<1.7323 \begin{gathered} \sqrt2\approx1.414<1.5,\\ 1.5<1.732\approx\sqrt3 \end{gathered}\text{,}所以有理数 1.51.5 位于这两个根式之间。

因此,正确答案是 C

Since 21.414<1.5,1.5<1.7323, \begin{gathered} \sqrt2\approx1.414<1.5,\\ 1.5<1.732\approx\sqrt3, \end{gathered} the rational number 1.51.5 lies between the two radicals.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

14.

y=x22x+1y=\sqrt{x^2-2x+1} +x2+2x+1{}+\sqrt{x^2+2x+1},则 yy 为:

If y=x22x+1y=\sqrt{x^2-2x+1} +x2+2x+1,{}+\sqrt{x^2+2x+1}, then yy is:

2x2x

2(x+1)2(x+1)

00

x1+x+1|x-1|+|x+1|

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1210
小提示:

将每个被开方数分解为完全平方

Factor each radicand as a perfect square

大提示:

对实数 uu,有 u2=u\sqrt{u^2}=|u|

For real u,u, u2=u\sqrt{u^2}=|u|

解答:

两个被开方数分别是 (x1)2(x-1)^2(x+1)2(x+1)^2。因此 y=(x1)2+(x+1)2=x1+x+1 \begin{aligned} y&=\sqrt{(x-1)^2}\\ &\quad+\sqrt{(x+1)^2}\\ &=|x-1|+|x+1| \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The two radicands are (x1)2(x-1)^2 and (x+1)2.(x+1)^2. Hence y=(x1)2+(x+1)2=x1+x+1. \begin{aligned} y&=\sqrt{(x-1)^2}\\ &\quad+\sqrt{(x+1)^2}\\ &=|x-1|+|x+1|. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

下表给出一个小球沿斜面滚动 tt 秒后所经过的距离 ss,单位为英尺。

tt 00 11 22 33 44 55
ss 00 1010 4040 9090 160160 250250

t=2.5t=2.5 时,距离 ss 为:

The table below shows the distance ss in feet a ball rolls down an inclined plane in tt seconds.

tt 00 11 22 33 44 55
ss 00 1010 4040 9090 160160 250250

The distance ss for t=2.5t=2.5 is:

4545

62.562.5

7070

7575

82.582.5

难度评级:1410
小提示:

将表中每个 ss 值与相应 tt 值的平方比较

Compare each listed ss-value with the square of its tt-value

大提示:

表中的数值满足 s=10t2s=10t^2

The table follows s=10t2s=10t^2

解答:

表中数值满足 s=10t2s=10t^2。因此,当 t=2.5t=2.5 时,s=10(2.5)2=10(6.25)=62.5 s=10(2.5)^2=10(6.25)=62.5\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The entries follow s=10t2.s=10t^2. Thus, at t=2.5,t=2.5, s=10(2.5)2=10(6.25)=62.5. s=10(2.5)^2=10(6.25)=62.5.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

16.

金鱼每条售价 1515 美分。表示购买 111212 条金鱼所需费用的直角坐标图为:

Goldfish are sold at 1515 cents each. The rectangular coordinate graph showing the cost of 11 to 1212 goldfish is:

一条直线段

a straight line segment

一组水平的平行线段

a set of horizontal parallel line segments

一组竖直的平行线段

a set of vertical parallel line segments

有限个互不相同的点

a finite set of distinct points

一条直线

a straight line

难度评级:1180
小提示:

判断金鱼的条数是连续变化,还是只能取整数

Decide whether the number of fish varies continuously or only through whole numbers

大提示:

111212 的每个整数条数各对应一个费用点

There is one cost point for each integer count from 11 through 1212

解答:

关系 c=15nc=15n 是线性的,但金鱼条数 nn 只能是十二个整数 1,2,,121,2,\ldots,12 中的一个。因此,图像由十二个互不相同的点组成,而不是整条直线或线段。

因此,正确答案是 D

The rule c=15nc=15n is linear, but the number nn of goldfish can only be one of the twelve integers 1,2,,12.1,2,\ldots,12. The graph therefore consists of twelve distinct points, not an entire line or segment.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

17.

将十二根长 33 英寸的铁丝在各顶点正确焊接,制成一个立方体框架。一只苍蝇落在一个顶点上后沿棱行走,在不重复走过任何一段路的条件下,它第二次到达任一顶点之前最多能走多远?

A cube is made by soldering twelve 33-inch lengths of wire properly at the vertices of the cube. If a fly alights at one of the vertices and then walks along the edges, the greatest distance it could travel before coming to any vertex a second time, without retracing any distance, is:

2424 英寸

2424 in.

1212 英寸

1212 in.

3030 英寸

3030 in.

1818 英寸

1818 in.

3636 英寸

3636 in.

难度评级:1300
小提示:

一条尚未重复到达顶点的路径,至多能访问立方体的全部八个顶点

A path that never returns to a vertex can visit at most all eight cube vertices

大提示:

找出一条经过全部八个顶点的路径;它先走过七条棱,再沿下一条棱回到起点

Exhibit a path through all eight vertices, which uses seven edges before the next step returns to the starting vertex

解答:

立方体有八个顶点。一条路径可以依次访问全部八个顶点而不重复,共走过七条棱;随后从最后一个顶点沿一条棱回到起点,这次返回才是第一次重复到达顶点。因此,允许的最长路线共经过八条棱,长度为 83=248\cdot3=24 英寸。

因此,正确答案是 A

The cube has eight vertices. A path can visit all eight once, using seven edges, and then traverse the edge from its last vertex back to its starting vertex; the return is the first repeated vertex. Thus the greatest permitted walk uses eight edges. Its length is 83=248\cdot3=24 inches.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

18.

OO 的直径 AB\overline{AB}CD\overline{CD} 互相垂直。任意弦 AM\overline{AM}CD\overline{CD} 交于 PP。则 APAMAP\cdot AM 等于:

Circle OO has diameters AB\overline{AB} and CD\overline{CD} perpendicular to each other. AM\overline{AM} is any chord intersecting CD\overline{CD} at P.P. Then APAMAP\cdot AM is equal to:

AOOBAO\cdot OB

AOABAO\cdot AB

CPCDCP\cdot CD

CPPDCP\cdot PD

COOPCO\cdot OP

知识点:相似
难度评级:1630
小提示:

因为 ABAB 是直径,所以角 AMBAMB 是直角

Because ABAB is a diameter, angle AMBAMB is a right angle

大提示:

比较直角三角形 APOAPOABMABM

Compare right triangles APOAPO and ABMABM

解答:

APOAPOABMABM 都是直角,且两个三角形共有角 AA。因此三角形 APOAPOABMABM 相似。由对应边可得 APAB=AOAM \frac{AP}{AB}=\frac{AO}{AM}\text{。}所以 APAM=AOABAP\cdot AM=AO\cdot AB

因此,正确答案是 B

Angles APOAPO and ABMABM are both right angles, and the two triangles share angle A.A. Therefore triangles APOAPO and ABMABM are similar. Corresponding sides give APAB=AOAM. \frac{AP}{AB}=\frac{AO}{AM}. Hence APAM=AOAB.AP\cdot AM=AO\cdot AB.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

19.

十进制计数系统以十为底,例如 123=1102+210+3123=1\cdot10^2+2\cdot10+3。二进制以二为底,其中最前面的五个正整数为 1110101111100100101101。那么二进制数 1001110011 写成十进制为:

The base of the decimal number system is ten, meaning, for example, that 123=1102+210+3.123=1\cdot10^2+2\cdot10+3. In the binary system, which has base two, the first five positive integers are 1,1, 10,10, 11,11, 100,100, 101.101. The numeral 1001110011 in the binary system would then be written in the decimal system as:

1919

4040

1001110011

1111

77

难度评级:1410
小提示:

24,23,,202^4,2^3,\ldots,2^0 依次对应到五个二进制数位

Assign powers 24,23,,202^4,2^3,\ldots,2^0 to the five binary places

大提示:

只有第一、第四和第五个数位上的数字非零

Only the first, fourth, and fifth digits are nonzero

解答:

按二进制位值展开,得到 (10011)2=124+121+120=16+2+1=19 \begin{aligned} (10011)_2 &=1\cdot2^4+1\cdot2^1+1\cdot2^0\\ &=16+2+1=19 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Expanding by binary place value, (10011)2=124+121+120=16+2+1=19. \begin{aligned} (10011)_2 &=1\cdot2^4+1\cdot2^1+1\cdot2^0\\ &=16+2+1=19. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

20.

一名男子驾车出行,去程平均速度为 5050 英里每小时,沿原路返回时平均速度为 4545 英里每小时。他全程的平均速度为:

A man makes a trip by automobile at an average speed of 5050 mph. He returns over the same route at an average speed of 4545 mph. His average speed for the entire trip is:

4771947\frac7{19} 英里每小时

4771947\frac7{19} mph

471447\frac14 英里每小时

471447\frac14 mph

471247\frac12 英里每小时

471247\frac12 mph

47111947\frac{11}{19} 英里每小时

47111947\frac{11}{19} mph

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1240
小提示:

选取一个方便的单程距离,用总路程除以总时间

Use a convenient one-way distance and divide total distance by total time

大提示:

往返路程相等时,两种速度的算术平均数并不是全程平均速度

For equal distances the arithmetic mean of the two speeds is not the average speed

解答:

设每一程的距离为 dd。平均速度(单位为英里每小时)为 2dd50+d45=2150+145=90019=47719 \begin{aligned} \frac{2d}{\frac{d}{50}+\frac{d}{45}} &=\frac{2}{\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{45}}\\ &=\frac{900}{19}\\ &=47\frac7{19} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Let each leg have distance d.d. The average speed, in miles per hour, is 2dd50+d45=2150+145=90019=47719. \begin{aligned} \frac{2d}{\frac{d}{50}+\frac{d}{45}} &=\frac{2}{\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{45}}\\ &=\frac{900}{19}\\ &=47\frac7{19}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

21.

以定理“若一个三角形的两个角相等,则该三角形是等腰三角形”为出发点,并考察以下四个命题:

11。若一个三角形的两个角不相等,则该三角形不是等腰三角形。

22。等腰三角形的两个底角相等。

33。若一个三角形不是等腰三角形,则它的两个角不相等。

44。一个三角形为等腰三角形,是其两个角相等的必要条件。

下列哪组命题只包含与所给定理逻辑等价的命题?

Start with the theorem “If two angles of a triangle are equal, the triangle is isosceles,” and the following four statements:

1.1. If two angles of a triangle are not equal, the triangle is not isosceles.

2.2. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.

3.3. If a triangle is not isosceles, then two of its angles are not equal.

4.4. A necessary condition that two angles of a triangle be equal is that the triangle be isosceles.

Which combination of statements contains only those which are logically equivalent to the given theorem?

11223344

1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 44

112233

1,1, 2,2, 33

223344

2,2, 3,3, 44

1122

1,1, 22

3344

3,3, 44

知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1590
小提示:

将定理写成 PQP\Rightarrow Q,并把各命题与其否命题、逆命题或逆否命题比较

Write the theorem as PQP\Rightarrow Q and compare each statement with its inverse, converse, or contrapositive

大提示:

一个命题总与其逆否命题等价,但通常不与其逆命题或否命题等价

A statement is always equivalent to its contrapositive, but not generally to its converse or inverse

解答:

PP 表示两个角相等,QQ 表示三角形为等腰三角形。命题 33 是逆否命题 ¬Q¬P\neg Q\Rightarrow\neg P,所以它与 PQP\Rightarrow Q 等价。命题 44QQPP 的必要条件,这只是 PQP\Rightarrow Q 的另一种表述。命题 1122 分别是否命题和逆命题。

因此,只有命题 3344 等价,正确答案是 E

Let PP mean that two angles are equal and QQ that the triangle is isosceles. Statement 33 is the contrapositive ¬Q¬P,\neg Q\Rightarrow\neg P, so it is equivalent to PQ.P\Rightarrow Q. Statement 44 says that QQ is necessary for P,P, which is another wording of PQ.P\Rightarrow Q. Statements 11 and 22 are the inverse and converse.

Thus only statements 33 and 44 are equivalent, so the correct answer is E.

22.

x1x+1+1=0\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{x+1}+1=0,则 4x4x 等于:

If x1x+1+1=0,\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{x+1}+1=0, then 4x4x equals:

55

414\sqrt{-1}

00

1141\frac14

无实数值

no real value

知识点:根式分式方程
难度评级:1630
小提示:

移项得到 x+1=x1+1\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{x-1}+1

Rearrange to x+1=x1+1\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{x-1}+1

大提示:

两边平方一次后,分离出 x1\sqrt{x-1}

After squaring once, isolate x1\sqrt{x-1}

解答:

移项并平方:x+1=x1+1,x+1=x1+2x1+1 \begin{aligned} \sqrt{x+1}&=\sqrt{x-1}+1,\\ x+1&=x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 2x1=12\sqrt{x-1}=1,所以 x1=14x-1=\frac{1}{4},且 x=54x=\frac{5}{4}。这个值满足原方程。因此 4x=54x=5

因此,正确答案是 A

Rearrange and square: x+1=x1+1,x+1=x1+2x1+1. \begin{aligned} \sqrt{x+1}&=\sqrt{x-1}+1,\\ x+1&=x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1. \end{aligned} Thus 2x1=1,2\sqrt{x-1}=1, so x1=14x-1=\frac{1}{4} and x=54.x=\frac{5}{4}. This value satisfies the original equation. Therefore 4x=5.4x=5.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

23.

方程 x2+y=10x^2+y=10x+y=10x+y=10 的图像交于两点。这两点之间的距离为:

The graph of x2+y=10x^2+y=10 and the graph of x+y=10x+y=10 meet in two points. The distance between these two points is:

小于 11

less than 11

11

2\sqrt2

22

大于 22

more than 22

难度评级:1280
小提示:

令两个用 yy 表示的式子相等

Set the two expressions for yy equal

大提示:

所得方程为 x2=xx^2=x

The resulting equation is x2=xx^2=x

解答:

在交点处,10x2=10x 10-x^2=10-x\text{,}所以 x=0x=0x=1x=1。两个交点为 (0,10)(0,10)(1,9)(1,9)。它们之间的距离为 (10)2+(910)2=2 \sqrt{(1-0)^2+(9-10)^2}=\sqrt2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

At an intersection, 10x2=10x, 10-x^2=10-x, so x=0x=0 or x=1.x=1. The points are (0,10)(0,10) and (1,9).(1,9). Their distance is (10)2+(910)2=2. \sqrt{(1-0)^2+(9-10)^2}=\sqrt2.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

24.

用一个两位数的平方减去将其数字倒序所得两位数的平方,结果不一定能被下列哪一项整除?

If the square of a number of two digits is decreased by the square of the number formed by reversing the digits, then the result is not always divisible by:

99

两个数字的积

the product of the digits

两个数字的和

the sum of the digits

两个数字的差

the difference of the digits

1111

难度评级:1590
小提示:

将原数表示为 10a+b10a+b,倒序后的数表示为 10b+a10b+a

Represent the number as 10a+b10a+b and its reversal as 10b+a10b+a

大提示:

将两数平方之差完全因式分解

Factor the difference of their squares completely

解答:

若两个数字为 a,ba,b,则 (10a+b)2(10b+a)2=[9(ab)][11(a+b)]=99(ab)(a+b) \begin{aligned} &(10a+b)^2-(10b+a)^2\\ &\quad=[9(a-b)][11(a+b)]\\ &\quad=99(a-b)(a+b) \end{aligned}\text{。}这个结果总能被 991111、两个数字的和以及两个数字的差整除,但不一定能被两个数字的积整除。例如,212122=29721^2-12^2=297 不能被 22 整除。

因此,正确答案是 B

If the digits are a,b,a,b, then (10a+b)2(10b+a)2=[9(ab)][11(a+b)]=99(ab)(a+b). \begin{aligned} &(10a+b)^2-(10b+a)^2\\ &\quad=[9(a-b)][11(a+b)]\\ &\quad=99(a-b)(a+b). \end{aligned} This is always divisible by 9,9, 11,11, the digit sum, and the digit difference. It need not be divisible by the digit product; for example, 212122=29721^2-12^2=297 is not divisible by 2.2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

三角形 PQRPQR 的三个顶点坐标为 P(0,a)P(0,a)Q(b,0)Q(b,0)R(c,d)R(c,d),其中 aabbccdd 均为正数。原点与点 RR 位于直线 PQPQ 的两侧。三角形 PQRPQR 的面积可由下式求得:

The vertices of triangle PQRPQR have coordinates as follows: P(0,a),P(0,a), Q(b,0),Q(b,0), R(c,d),R(c,d), where a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are positive. The origin and point RR lie on opposite sides of PQ.PQ. The area of triangle PQRPQR may be found from the expression:

ab+ac+bc+cd2\dfrac{ab+ac+bc+cd}{2}

ac+bdab2\dfrac{ac+bd-ab}{2}

abacbd2\dfrac{ab-ac-bd}{2}

ac+bd+ab2\dfrac{ac+bd+ab}{2}

ac+bdabcd2\dfrac{ac+bd-ab-cd}{2}

难度评级:1630
小提示:

使用由坐标求三角形面积的行列式公式

Use the determinant formula for the area of a triangle from its coordinates

大提示:

两点位于直线两侧这一条件决定绝对值内的符号

The opposite-side condition determines the sign inside the absolute value

解答:

带符号的面积二倍为 0a1b01cd1=abacbd \begin{vmatrix} 0&a&1\\ b&0&1\\ c&d&1 \end{vmatrix} =ab-ac-bd\text{。}直线 PQPQ 的方程为 ax+by=abax+by=ab。由于原点代入左边所得值小于 abab,而 RR 位于另一侧,所以 ac+bd>abac+bd>ab。因此面积为 ac+bdab2 \frac{ac+bd-ab}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The signed doubled area is 0a1b01cd1=abacbd. \begin{vmatrix} 0&a&1\\ b&0&1\\ c&d&1 \end{vmatrix} =ab-ac-bd. The line PQPQ has equation ax+by=ab.ax+by=ab. Since the origin gives a value below abab and RR is on the opposite side, ac+bd>ab.ac+bd>ab. Thus the area is ac+bdab2. \frac{ac+bd-ab}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

26.

从三角形内部一点向三个顶点引线段。这样形成的三个三角形面积相等的充要条件是该点为:

From a point within a triangle, line segments are drawn to the vertices. A necessary and sufficient condition that the three triangles thus formed have equal areas is that the point be:

内切圆的圆心

the center of the inscribed circle

外接圆的圆心

the center of the circumscribed circle

使该点处形成的三个角都为 120120^\circ

such that the three angles formed at the point each be 120120^\circ

三角形三条高的交点

the intersection of the altitudes of the triangle

三角形三条中线的交点

the intersection of the medians of the triangle

难度评级:1340
小提示:

回想中线如何分割三角形的面积

Recall how the medians partition a triangle’s area

大提示:

三条中线的交点将三角形分成六个小三角形,可两两组合成三个等面积区域

The intersection of the medians divides the triangle into six small triangles paired into three equal-area regions

解答:

三条中线交于重心,并把三角形分成六个等面积的小三角形。以重心和原三角形的一条边为顶点的三个三角形,各由其中两个小三角形组成,所以面积相等。反过来,三个面积相等会给出相等的重心坐标,从而唯一确定重心。

因此,所求的充要点是三条中线的交点,正确答案是 E

The three medians meet at the centroid and divide the triangle into six small triangles of equal area. Each of the three triangles having the centroid and one side of the original triangle consists of two of those small triangles, so their areas are equal. Conversely, equal areas give equal barycentric coordinates, which uniquely locate the centroid.

Thus, the necessary and sufficient point is the intersection of the medians, and the correct answer is E.

27.

方程 x2+px+q=0x^2+px+q=0 各根的倒数之和为:

The sum of the reciprocals of the roots of the equation x2+px+q=0x^2+px+q=0 is:

pq-\dfrac pq

qp\dfrac qp

pq\dfrac pq

qp-\dfrac qp

pqpq

难度评级:1180
小提示:

设两根为 rrss,并合并 1r+1s\frac{1}{r}+\frac{1}{s}

Call the roots rr and ss, and combine 1r+1s\frac{1}{r}+\frac{1}{s}

大提示:

使用 r+s=pr+s=-prs=qrs=q

Use r+s=pr+s=-p and rs=qrs=q

解答:

若两根为 r,sr,s,则由韦达定理可得 r+s=pr+s=-prs=qrs=q。因此 1r+1s=r+srs=pq \frac1r+\frac1s=\frac{r+s}{rs}=-\frac pq\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

If the roots are r,s,r,s, then Vieta’s formulas give r+s=pr+s=-p and rs=q.rs=q. Therefore 1r+1s=r+srs=pq. \frac1r+\frac1s=\frac{r+s}{rs}=-\frac pq.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

28.

aabb 为正数,且 a1a\ne1b1b\ne1,则 blogbab^{\log_b a} 的值:

If aa and bb are positive and a1,a\ne1, b1,b\ne1, then the value of blogbab^{\log_b a} is:

取决于 bb

dependent upon bb

取决于 aa

dependent upon aa

取决于 aabb

dependent upon aa and bb

为零

zero

为一

one

知识点:对数指数
难度评级:1110
小提示:

利用以 bb 为底的对数与以 bb 为底的幂之间的互逆关系

Use the inverse relationship between a base-bb logarithm and exponentiation by bb

大提示:

u=logbau=\log_b a,则 bu=ab^u=a

If u=logba,u=\log_b a, then bu=ab^u=a

解答:

根据对数的定义,blogba=a b^{\log_b a}=a\text{。}因此,这个值取决于 aa,而不取决于所选的合适底数 bb

因此,正确答案是 B

By the definition of a logarithm, blogba=a. b^{\log_b a}=a. Thus the value depends on a,a, not on the choice of admissible base b.b.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

29.

关系 x2(x21)0x^2(x^2-1)\ge0 仅在下列情况下成立:

这里,xax\ge a 表示 xx 可以取所有大于 aa 的值以及等于 aa 的值;xax\le a 则有相应的“小于”含义。

The relation x2(x21)0x^2(x^2-1)\ge0 is true only for:

Here xax\ge a means that xx can take on all values greater than aa and the value equal to a,a, while xax\le a has a corresponding meaning with “less than.”

x1x\ge1

1x1-1\le x\le1

x=0x=0x=1x=1x=1x=-1

x=0,x=0, x=1,x=1, x=1x=-1

x=0x=0x1x\le-1x1x\ge1

x=0,x=0, x1,x\le-1, x1x\ge1

x0x\ge0

难度评级:1360
小提示:

x=0x=0 外,因子 x2x^2 为正

The factor x2x^2 is positive except at x=0x=0

大提示:

当变量不为零时,乘积的符号由 x21x^2-1 决定

Away from zero, the sign is controlled by x21x^2-1

解答:

x=0x=0 时,乘积为零。对于 x0x\ne0,因子 x2x^2 为正,所以乘积非负当且仅当 x210 x^2-1\ge0\text{,}x1x\le-1x1x\ge1。再加入孤立值 x=0x=0,就得到选项 D 中的集合。

因此,正确答案是 D

At x=0,x=0, the product is zero. For x0,x\ne0, the factor x2x^2 is positive, so the product is nonnegative exactly when x210, x^2-1\ge0, or x1x\le-1 or x1.x\ge1. Including the isolated value x=0x=0 gives the set in choice D.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

30.

nn 个正整数的平方和可表示为 n(n+c)(2n+k)6\dfrac{n(n+c)(2n+k)}6。则 cckk 依次为:

The sum of the squares of the first nn positive integers is given by the expression n(n+c)(2n+k)6,\dfrac{n(n+c)(2n+k)}6, if cc and kk are, respectively:

1122

11 and 22

3355

33 and 55

2222

22 and 22

1111

11 and 11

2211

22 and 11

难度评级:1180
小提示:

将该式与标准平方和公式比较

Compare the expression with the standard sum-of-squares formula

大提示:

也可以代入 n=1n=1n=2n=2,得到两个方程

Alternatively, substitute n=1n=1 and n=2n=2 to obtain two equations

解答:

标准公式为 12+22++n2=n(n+1)6(2n+1) \begin{aligned} 1^2+2^2+\cdots+n^2 &=\frac{n(n+1)}6\\ &\quad\cdot(2n+1) \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 c=1c=1,且 k=1k=1

因此,正确答案是 D

The standard formula is 12+22++n2=n(n+1)6(2n+1). \begin{aligned} 1^2+2^2+\cdots+n^2 &=\frac{n(n+1)}6\\ &\quad\cdot(2n+1). \end{aligned} Therefore c=1c=1 and k=1.k=1.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

31.

从一个正方形的四个角剪去全等的等腰直角三角形,形成一个正八边形。若正方形的边长为一个单位,则每个小三角形的直角边长为:

A regular octagon is to be formed by cutting equal isosceles right triangles from the corners of a square. If the square has sides of one unit, the leg of each of the triangles has length:

2+23\dfrac{2+\sqrt2}{3}

222\dfrac{2-\sqrt2}{2}

1+22\dfrac{1+\sqrt2}{2}

1+23\dfrac{1+\sqrt2}{3}

223\dfrac{2-\sqrt2}{3}

难度评级:1630
小提示:

若每个被剪去三角形的直角边长为 xx,则八边形未被剪切的水平边长为 12x1-2x

If each cut-off leg is x,x, an uncut horizontal octagon side has length 12x1-2x

大提示:

八边形的一条斜边就是被剪去三角形的斜边,长为 x2x\sqrt2;正八边形要求这两种边长相等

A slanted octagon side is the hypotenuse x2x\sqrt2, and regularity makes these equal

解答:

设每个角上的小三角形直角边长为 xx。八边形的水平边和竖直边长为 12x1-2x,而四条斜边长为 x2x\sqrt2。因此 12x=x2 1-2x=x\sqrt2\text{,}所以 x=12+2=222 x=\frac1{2+\sqrt2}=\frac{2-\sqrt2}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let xx be a leg of each corner triangle. The horizontal and vertical octagon sides have length 12x,1-2x, while the four slanted sides have length x2.x\sqrt2. Thus 12x=x2, 1-2x=x\sqrt2, so x=12+2=222. x=\frac1{2+\sqrt2}=\frac{2-\sqrt2}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

32.

下列整数中,能整除数列 1511^5-12522^5-23533^5-3\ldotsn5nn^5-n\ldots 每一项的最大整数是:

The largest of the following integers which divides each of the numbers of the sequence 151,1^5-1, 252,2^5-2, 353,3^5-3, \ldots n5n,n^5-n, \ldots is:

11

6060

1515

120120

3030

难度评级:1790
小提示:

证明 n5nn^5-n 总能被 223355 整除

Show n5nn^5-n is always divisible by 2,2, 3,3, and 55

大提示:

利用连续因子处理 2233,再用模 55 的余数处理剩余因子

Use consecutive factors for 22 and 3,3, and residues modulo 55 for the remaining factor

解答:

因式分解得 n5n=n(n1)(n+1)(n2+1) \begin{aligned} n^5-n &=n(n-1)(n+1)\\ &\quad\cdot(n^2+1) \end{aligned}\text{。}三个连续整数中有一个能被 33 整除,且至少有一个是偶数,所以该式能被 66 整除。又因为对每个整数 nn 都有 n5n(mod5)n^5\equiv n\pmod5,所以它也能被 55 整除。因此每一项都能被 3030 整除。取 n=2n=2 时,252=302^5-2=30,所以选项中没有更大的整数能整除每一项。

因此,正确答案是 E

Factor n5n=n(n1)(n+1)(n2+1). \begin{aligned} n^5-n &=n(n-1)(n+1)\\ &\quad\cdot(n^2+1). \end{aligned} Among three consecutive integers, one is divisible by 33 and at least one is even, so the expression is divisible by 6.6. Also n5n(mod5)n^5\equiv n\pmod5 for every integer n,n, so it is divisible by 5.5. Hence every term is divisible by 30.30. Taking n=2n=2 gives 252=30,2^5-2=30, so no larger listed integer can divide every term.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

33.

9x+2=240+9x9^{x+2}=240+9^x,则 xx 的值为:

If 9x+2=240+9x,9^{x+2}=240+9^x, then the value of xx is:

0.10.1

0.20.2

0.30.3

0.40.4

0.50.5

知识点:指数代数变形
难度评级:1280
小提示:

9x+29^{x+2} 改写为 819x81\cdot9^x

Rewrite 9x+29^{x+2} as 819x81\cdot9^x

大提示:

合并同类项后,将 9x9^x 表示成 33 的幂

After collecting like terms, express 9x9^x as a power of 33

解答:

提取公因式 9x9^x,得到 819x9x=240 81\cdot9^x-9^x=240\text{,}所以 809x=24080\cdot9^x=240,且 9x=39^x=3。因为 912=39^{\frac{1}{2}}=3,所以 x=12=0.5x=\frac{1}{2}=0.5

因此,正确答案是 E

Factoring 9x,9^x, 819x9x=240, 81\cdot9^x-9^x=240, so 809x=24080\cdot9^x=240 and 9x=3.9^x=3. Since 912=3,9^{\frac{1}{2}}=3, we have x=12=0.5.x=\frac{1}{2}=0.5.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

34.

满足方程组 x+y=1x+y=1x2+y2<25x^2+y^2<25 的点组成下列哪种集合?其中符号“<<”表示“小于”。

The points that satisfy the system x+y=1,x+y=1, x2+y2<25,x^2+y^2<25, where the symbol “<<” means “less than,” constitute the following set:

只有两个点

only two points

一段圆弧

an arc of a circle

不包含端点的一条直线段

a straight line segment not including the end-points

包含端点的一条直线段

a straight line segment including the end-points

一个点

a single point

难度评级:1300
小提示:

x2+y2<25x^2+y^2<25 解释为一个圆的内部

Interpret x2+y2<25x^2+y^2<25 as the interior of a circle

大提示:

求该开圆盘与直线 x+y=1x+y=1 的交集

Intersect that open disk with the line x+y=1x+y=1

解答:

该不等式描述以原点为圆心、半径为 55 的圆内部的开圆盘。直线 x+y=1x+y=1 与圆相交于两点。直线在圆盘内的部分是两交点之间的线段,但严格不等式排除了两个端点。

因此,正确答案是 C

The inequality describes the open disk inside the circle of radius 55 centered at the origin. The line x+y=1x+y=1 crosses the circle in two points. Its portion inside the disk is the segment between those points, but the strict inequality excludes the endpoints.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

35.

直角三角形 ABCABC 的边 AC\overline{AC} 被分成 88 等份。从七个分点分别向 AB\overline{AB} 作平行于 BC\overline{BC} 的线段。若 BC=10BC=10,则这七条线段的长度之和:

Side AC\overline{AC} of right triangle ABCABC is divided into 88 equal parts. Seven line segments parallel to BC\overline{BC} are drawn to AB\overline{AB} from the points of division. If BC=10,BC=10, then the sum of the lengths of the seven line segments:

无法由已知条件求出

cannot be found from the given information

3333

is 3333

3434

is 3434

3535

is 3535

4545

is 4545

难度评级:1530
小提示:

每个以 AA 为顶点的小三角形都与三角形 ABCABC 相似

Each small triangle with vertex AA is similar to triangle ABCABC

大提示:

七条平行线段的长度为 108,208,,708\frac{10}{8},\frac{20}{8},\ldots,\frac{70}{8}

The seven parallel lengths are 108,208,,708\frac{10}{8},\frac{20}{8},\ldots,\frac{70}{8}

解答:

由相似性可知,当 k=1,,7k=1,\ldots,7 时,第 kk 个分点处的线段长为 10k8\frac{10k}{8}。它们的和为 108(1+2++7)=10828=35 \begin{aligned} \frac{10}{8}(1+2+\cdots+7) &=\frac{10}{8}\cdot28\\ &=35 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

By similarity, the segment at the kkth division point has length 10k8\frac{10k}{8} for k=1,,7.k=1,\ldots,7. Their sum is 108(1+2++7)=10828=35. \begin{aligned} \frac{10}{8}(1+2+\cdots+7) &=\frac{10}{8}\cdot28\\ &=35. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

36.

x+y=1x+y=1,则 xyxy 的最大值为:

If x+y=1,x+y=1, then the largest value of xyxy is:

11

0.50.5

一个约为 0.40.4 的无理数

an irrational number about 0.40.4

0.250.25

00

难度评级:1180
小提示:

y=1xy=1-x 代入乘积

Substitute y=1xy=1-x into the product

大提示:

x(1x)x(1-x) 配方

Complete the square in x(1x)x(1-x)

解答:

我们有 xy=x(1x)=14(x12)2 \begin{aligned} xy=x(1-x) &=\frac14\\ &\quad-\left(x-\frac12\right)^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}平方项非负,所以乘积的最大可能值为 14=0.25\frac{1}{4}=0.25

因此,正确答案是 D

We have xy=x(1x)=14(x12)2. \begin{aligned} xy=x(1-x) &=\frac14\\ &\quad-\left(x-\frac12\right)^2. \end{aligned} The squared term is nonnegative, so the largest possible product is 14=0.25.\frac{1}{4}=0.25.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

37.

在直角三角形 ABCABC 中,BC=5BC=5AC=12AC=12AM=xAM=x,且 MNACMN\perp ACNPBCNP\perp BC;点 NNAB\overline{AB} 上。若 y=MN+NPy=MN+NP 是矩形 MCPNMCPN 周长的一半,则:

In right triangle ABC,ABC, BC=5,BC=5, AC=12,AC=12, and AM=x;AM=x; MNAC,MN\perp AC, NPBC;NP\perp BC; NN is on AB.\overline{AB}. If y=MN+NP,y=MN+NP, one-half the perimeter of rectangle MCPN,MCPN, then:

y=12(5+12)y=\dfrac12(5+12)

y=5x12+125y=\dfrac{5x}{12}+\dfrac{12}{5}

y=1447x12y=\dfrac{144-7x}{12}

y=12y=12

y=5x12+6y=\dfrac{5x}{12}+6

难度评级:1590
小提示:

三角形 AMNAMNACBACB 相似

Triangles AMNAMN and ACBACB are similar

大提示:

使用 MNx=512\frac{MN}{x}=\frac{5}{12}NP=MC=12xNP=MC=12-x

Use MNx=512\frac{MN}{x}=\frac{5}{12} and NP=MC=12xNP=MC=12-x

解答:

由相似性,MN=512AM=5x12 MN=\frac5{12}AM=\frac{5x}{12}\text{。}另外,NP=MC=ACAMNP=MC=AC-AM =12x=12-x。因此 y=MN+NP=5x12+12x=1447x12 \begin{aligned} y=MN+NP &=\frac{5x}{12}+12-x\\ &=\frac{144-7x}{12} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

By similarity, MN=512AM=5x12. MN=\frac5{12}AM=\frac{5x}{12}. Also NP=MC=ACAMNP=MC=AC-AM =12x.=12-x. Hence y=MN+NP=5x12+12x=1447x12. \begin{aligned} y=MN+NP &=\frac{5x}{12}+12-x\\ &=\frac{144-7x}{12}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

38.

用一个两位数 NN 减去数字倒序所得的数,结果是一个正的完全立方数。则:

From a two-digit number NN we subtract the number with the digits reversed and find that the result is a positive perfect cube. Then:

NN 的个位不能是 55

NN cannot end in 55

NN 的个位可以是除 55 外的任意数字

NN can end in any digit other than 55

这样的 NN 不存在

NN does not exist

恰有 77NN

there are exactly 77 values for NN

恰有 1010NN

there are exactly 1010 values for NN

难度评级:1630
小提示:

若两个数字满足 a>ba>b,则原数与倒序数之差为 9(ab)9(a-b)

If the digits are a>b,a>b, the difference from the reversal is 9(ab)9(a-b)

大提示:

差至多为 8181,所以检查不大于 8181 的正完全立方数

The difference is at most 81,81, so test the positive cubes no larger than 8181

解答:

写成 N=10a+bN=10a+b,正的差为 (10a+b)(10b+a)=9(ab) \begin{aligned} &(10a+b)-(10b+a)\\ &\quad=9(a-b) \end{aligned}\text{。}它至多为 8181。在 118827276464 中,只有 2727 能被 99 整除,所以 ab=3a-b=3。数字对为 (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),(7,4),(8,5),(9,6) \begin{gathered} (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),\\ (7,4),(8,5),(9,6) \end{gathered}\text{,}因而恰有七个 NN 值。

因此,正确答案是 D

Writing N=10a+b,N=10a+b, the positive difference is (10a+b)(10b+a)=9(ab). \begin{aligned} &(10a+b)-(10b+a)\\ &\quad=9(a-b). \end{aligned} It is at most 81.81. Among 1,1, 8,8, 27,27, and 64,64, only 2727 is divisible by 9,9, so ab=3.a-b=3. The digit pairs are (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),(7,4),(8,5),(9,6), \begin{gathered} (3,0),(4,1),(5,2),(6,3),\\ (7,4),(8,5),(9,6), \end{gathered} giving exactly seven values of N.N.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

39.

两名男子同时从相距 7272 英里的 MMNN 两地出发,相向而行。第一人的速度为 44 英里每小时。第二人第一小时走 22 英里,第二小时走 2122\frac12 英里,第三小时走 33 英里,此后每小时路程按等差数列递增。两人将:

Two men set out at the same time to walk towards each other from MM and N,N, 7272 miles apart. The first man walks at the rate of 44 mph. The second man walks 22 miles the first hour, 2122\frac12 miles the second hour, 33 miles the third hour, and so on in arithmetic progression. Then the men will meet:

77 小时后相遇

in 77 hours

8148\frac14 小时后相遇

in 8148\frac14 hours

在离 MM 比离 NN 更近的地方相遇

nearer MM than NN

在离 NN 比离 MM 更近的地方相遇

nearer NN than MM

MMNN 的中点相遇

midway between MM and NN

难度评级:1810
小提示:

经过整整 tt 小时后,用等差数列求和计算第二人每小时路程之和

After tt whole hours, sum the second man’s hourly distances as an arithmetic progression

大提示:

令该和加上 4t4t 等于 7272

Set that sum plus 4t4t equal to 7272

解答:

tt 小时内,第二人每小时走过的路程组成首项为 22、末项为 2+t122+\frac{t-1}{2} 的等差数列。他走过的路程为 t2(4+t12)=t(t+7)4 \frac t2\left(4+\frac{t-1}{2}\right) =\frac{t(t+7)}4\text{。}两人合计走过 4t+t(t+7)4=72 4t+\frac{t(t+7)}4=72\text{,}t2+23t288=0t^2+23t-288=0。正根为 t=9t=9。此时第一人走了 4(9)=364(9)=36 英里,恰为原距离的一半。

因此,正确答案是 E

In tt hours, the second man’s hourly distances form an arithmetic progression with first term 22 and last term 2+t12.2+\frac{t-1}{2}. His distance is t2(4+t12)=t(t+7)4. \frac t2\left(4+\frac{t-1}{2}\right) =\frac{t(t+7)}4. Together the men cover 4t+t(t+7)4=72, 4t+\frac{t(t+7)}4=72, or t2+23t288=0.t^2+23t-288=0. The positive root is t=9.t=9. The first man then walks 4(9)=364(9)=36 miles, exactly half the original distance.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

40.

若抛物线 y=x2+bx8y=-x^2+bx-8 的顶点在 xx 轴上,则 bb 必须是:

If the parabola y=x2+bx8y=-x^2+bx-8 has its vertex on the xx-axis, then bb must be:

正整数

a positive integer

正有理数或负有理数

a positive or a negative rational number

正有理数

a positive rational number

正无理数或负无理数

a positive or a negative irrational number

负无理数

a negative irrational number

难度评级:1360
小提示:

顶点在 xx 轴上的抛物线具有重根

A parabola whose vertex lies on the xx-axis has a repeated root

大提示:

x2+bx8=0-x^2+bx-8=0 的判别式等于零

Set the discriminant of x2+bx8=0-x^2+bx-8=0 equal to zero

解答:

顶点在 xx 轴上,当且仅当该二次方程有一个重根。其判别式必须满足 b24(1)(8)=b232=0 b^2-4(-1)(-8)=b^2-32=0\text{。}因此 b=±32=±42b=\pm\sqrt{32}=\pm4\sqrt2,是正无理数或负无理数。

因此,正确答案是 D

The vertex lies on the xx-axis exactly when the quadratic has one repeated root. Its discriminant must satisfy b24(1)(8)=b232=0. b^2-4(-1)(-8)=b^2-32=0. Hence b=±32=±42,b=\pm\sqrt{32}=\pm4\sqrt2, a positive or negative irrational number.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

41.

给定方程组

ax+(a1)y=1,(a+1)xay=1 \begin{aligned} ax+(a-1)y&=1,\\ (a+1)x-ay&=1 \end{aligned}\text{。}

aa 取下列哪个值时,这个方程组没有关于 xxyy 的解?

Given the system of equations

ax+(a1)y=1,(a+1)xay=1. \begin{aligned} ax+(a-1)y&=1,\\ (a+1)x-ay&=1. \end{aligned}

For which one of the following values of aa is there no solution for xx and y?y?

11

00

1-1

±22\pm\dfrac{\sqrt2}{2}

±2\pm\sqrt2

知识点:方程组行列式
难度评级:1590
小提示:

当系数行列式为零时,一个 2×22\times2 方程组可能没有唯一解

A 2×22\times2 system can fail to have a unique solution when its coefficient determinant is zero

大提示:

计算 a(a)(a1)(a+1)a(-a)-(a-1)(a+1)

Compute a(a)(a1)(a+1)a(-a)-(a-1)(a+1)

解答:

系数行列式为 a(a)(a1)(a+1)=12a2 \begin{aligned} &a(-a)-(a-1)(a+1)\\ &\quad=1-2a^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}a=±22a=\pm\frac{\sqrt2}{2} 时,它等于零。对这两个值中的任一个,两个系数行成比例,但右端的两个数不满足相同比例,所以方程组不相容。

因此,正确答案是 D

The coefficient determinant is a(a)(a1)(a+1)=12a2. \begin{aligned} &a(-a)-(a-1)(a+1)\\ &\quad=1-2a^2. \end{aligned} It vanishes when a=±22.a=\pm\frac{\sqrt2}{2}. For either value, the two coefficient rows are proportional but the two right sides are not in the same ratio, so the system is inconsistent.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

42.

S=in+inS=i^n+i^{-n},其中 i=1i=\sqrt{-1},且 nn 为整数,则 SS 可能具有的不同值共有:

If S=in+in,S=i^n+i^{-n}, where i=1i=\sqrt{-1} and nn is an integer, then the total number of possible distinct values for SS is:

11

22

33

44

多于 44

more than 44

难度评级:1530
小提示:

ii 的幂以四为周期重复

Powers of ii repeat with period four

大提示:

nn44 的每个余数类各检查一个代表

Check one representative of each residue class of nn modulo 44

解答:

nn 为偶数,则 ini^n111-1,且等于其倒数,所以 S=2S=22-2。若 nn 为奇数,则两项按某种顺序分别为 iii-i,所以 S=0S=0。因此,不同的值为 2, 0, 2 -2,\ 0,\ 2\text{,}共三个。

因此,正确答案是 C

If nn is even, ini^n is 11 or 1-1 and equals its reciprocal, so S=2S=2 or 2.-2. If nn is odd, the two terms are ii and i,-i, in some order, so S=0.S=0. Thus the distinct values are 2, 0, 2, -2,\ 0,\ 2, three values.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

43.

我们把坐标均为整数(允许为零)的点定义为格点。由 xx 轴、直线 x=4x=4 和抛物线 y=x2y=x^2 围成的区域内部及边界上的格点数为:

We define a lattice point as a point whose coordinates are integers, zero admitted. Then the number of lattice points on the boundary and inside the region bounded by the xx-axis, the line x=4,x=4, and the parabola y=x2y=x^2 is:

2424

3535

3434

3030

不是有限数

not finite

难度评级:1550
小提示:

只会出现整数 xx 坐标 0011223344

Only the integer xx-coordinates 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 44 occur

大提示:

对固定的整数 xx,统计从 00x2x^2 的整数 yy

For a fixed integer x,x, count the integer yy-values from 00 through x2x^2

解答:

对于 0011223344 中的每个 xx,从 y=0y=0y=x2y=x^2 共有 x2+1x^2+1 个整数值。因此格点数为 (02+1)+(12+1)+(22+1)+(32+1)+(42+1)=1+2+5+10+17=35 \begin{aligned} &(0^2+1)+(1^2+1)+(2^2+1)\\ &\quad +(3^2+1)+(4^2+1)\\ &=1+2+5+10+17\\ &=35 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

For each xx among 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 4,4, there are x2+1x^2+1 integer values from y=0y=0 through y=x2.y=x^2. Therefore the number of lattice points is (02+1)+(12+1)+(22+1)+(32+1)+(42+1)=1+2+5+10+17=35. \begin{aligned} &(0^2+1)+(1^2+1)+(2^2+1)\\ &\quad +(3^2+1)+(4^2+1)\\ &=1+2+5+10+17\\ &=35. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

44.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AC=CDAC=CD,且 CABABC=30\angle CAB-\angle ABC=30^\circ。则 BAD\angle BAD 为:

In triangle ABC,ABC, AC=CDAC=CD and CABABC=30.\angle CAB-\angle ABC=30^\circ. Then BAD\angle BAD is:

3030^\circ

2020^\circ

221222\frac12^\circ

1010^\circ

1515^\circ

难度评级:1630
小提示:

因为 AC=CDAC=CD,所以三角形 ACDACD 为等腰三角形

Because AC=CD,AC=CD, triangle ACDACD is isosceles

大提示:

DAB\angle DABABC\angle ABC 表示 CDA\angle CDA

Express CDA\angle CDA using DAB\angle DAB and ABC\angle ABC

解答:

α=CAB\alpha=\angle CABβ=ABC\beta=\angle ABC,且 x=BADx=\angle BAD。因为 DDBCBC 上,所以作为三角形 ABDABD 的一个外角,ADC=x+β \angle ADC=x+\beta\text{。}由于 AC=CDAC=CD,三角形 ACDACD 为等腰三角形,所以 CAD=ADC\angle CAD=\angle ADC。而 CAD=αx\angle CAD=\alpha-x。因此 αx=x+β \alpha-x=x+\beta\text{,}所以 2x=αβ=302x=\alpha-\beta=30^\circ,且 x=15x=15^\circ

因此,正确答案是 E

Let α=CAB,\alpha=\angle CAB, β=ABC,\beta=\angle ABC, and x=BAD.x=\angle BAD. Since DD lies on BC,BC, ADC=x+β \angle ADC=x+\beta as an exterior angle of triangle ABD.ABD. Because AC=CD,AC=CD, triangle ACDACD is isosceles, so CAD=ADC.\angle CAD=\angle ADC. But CAD=αx.\angle CAD=\alpha-x. Hence αx=x+β, \alpha-x=x+\beta, so 2x=αβ=302x=\alpha-\beta=30^\circ and x=15.x=15^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

45.

若两个实数 xxyy 满足方程 xy=xy\dfrac xy=x-y,则:

If two real numbers xx and yy satisfy the equation xy=xy,\dfrac xy=x-y, then:

x4x\ge4x0x\le0,其中 xax\ge a 表示 xx 可以取任意大于 aa 或等于 aa 的值

x4x\ge4 or x0,x\le0, where xax\ge a means that xx can take any value greater than aa or equal to aa

yy 可以等于 11

yy can equal 11

xxyy 必须都是无理数

both xx and yy must be irrational

xxyy 不能同时为整数

xx and yy cannot both be integers

xxyy 必须都是有理数

both xx and yy must be rational

难度评级:1830
小提示:

清除分母,并把结果看作关于 yy 的二次方程

Clear the denominator and regard the result as a quadratic equation in yy

大提示:

要使 yy 为实数,判别式 x24xx^2-4x 必须非负

Real yy requires the discriminant x24xx^2-4x to be nonnegative

解答:

因为 y0y\ne0,两边乘以 yy,得到 x=xyy2 x=xy-y^2\text{,}y2xy+x=0y^2-xy+x=0。要使 yy 为实数,判别式必须满足 x24x=x(x4)0 x^2-4x=x(x-4)\ge0\text{。}因此 x0x\le0x4x\ge4

因此,正确答案是 A

Since y0,y\ne0, multiplying by yy gives x=xyy2, x=xy-y^2, or y2xy+x=0.y^2-xy+x=0. For a real value of y,y, its discriminant must satisfy x24x=x(x4)0. x^2-4x=x(x-4)\ge0. Thus x0x\le0 or x4.x\ge4.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

46.

圆内两条互相垂直的弦相交。一条弦被分成长度为 3344 的两段,另一条弦被分成长度为 6622 的两段。则圆的直径为:

Two perpendicular chords intersect in a circle. The segments of one chord are 33 and 4;4; the segments of the other are 66 and 2.2. Then the diameter of the circle is:

89\sqrt{89}

56\sqrt{56}

61\sqrt{61}

75\sqrt{75}

65\sqrt{65}

难度评级:1870
小提示:

将两弦交点置于原点,并将两条垂直的弦置于坐标轴上

Place the chord intersection at the origin and the perpendicular chords on the coordinate axes

大提示:

圆心位于两条弦的垂直平分线上

The circle’s center lies on both chord perpendicular bisectors

解答:

将交点置于 (0,0)(0,0),四个端点为 (3,0)(-3,0)(4,0)(4,0)(0,2)(0,-2)(0,6)(0,6)。两条弦的垂直平分线分别为 x=12x=\frac{1}{2}y=2y=2,所以圆心为 (12,2)(\frac{1}{2},2)。使用端点 (4,0)(4,0),得到 r2=(412)2+(02)2=654 \begin{aligned} r^2 &=\left(4-\frac12\right)^2+(0-2)^2\\ &=\frac{65}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此直径为 2r=652r=\sqrt{65}

因此,正确答案是 E

Place the intersection at (0,0)(0,0) with endpoints (3,0),(-3,0), (4,0),(4,0), (0,2),(0,-2), and (0,6).(0,6). The perpendicular bisectors of the chords are x=12x=\frac{1}{2} and y=2,y=2, so the center is (12,2).(\frac{1}{2},2). Using the endpoint (4,0),(4,0), r2=(412)2+(02)2=654. \begin{aligned} r^2 &=\left(4-\frac12\right)^2+(0-2)^2\\ &=\frac{65}{4}. \end{aligned} Therefore the diameter is 2r=65.2r=\sqrt{65}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

47.

在圆 OO 中,半径 OX\overline{OX} 的中点为 QQ;在 QQ 处,ABXY\overline{AB}\perp\overline{XY}。以 AB\overline{AB} 为直径的半圆与 XY\overline{XY} 交于 MM。直线 AMAM 与圆 OO 交于 CC,直线 BMBM 与圆 OO 交于 DD。作直线 ADAD。若圆 OO 的半径为 rr,则 ADAD 为:

In circle O,O, the midpoint of radius OX\overline{OX} is Q;Q; at Q,Q, ABXY.\overline{AB}\perp\overline{XY}. The semicircle with AB\overline{AB} as diameter intersects XY\overline{XY} in M.M. Line AMAM intersects circle OO in C,C, and line BMBM intersects circle OO in D.D. Line ADAD is drawn. Then, if the radius of circle OO is r,r, ADAD is:

r2r\sqrt2

rr

不是某个内接正多边形的一条边

not a side of an inscribed regular polygon

r32\dfrac{r\sqrt3}{2}

r3r\sqrt3

难度评级:2070
小提示:

因为 XY\overline{XY} 垂直平分 AB\overline{AB},比较 MAMAMBMB

Since XY\overline{XY} perpendicularly bisects AB,\overline{AB}, compare MAMA and MBMB

大提示:

利用半圆求出 AMB\angle AMB,再利用 BBMMDD 共线

Use the semicircle to find AMB,\angle AMB, then use that B,B, M,M, and DD are collinear

解答:

直线 XYXYABAB 的垂直平分线,所以 MA=MBMA=MB。因为 MM 在以 ABAB 为直径的半圆上,所以 AMB=90\angle AMB=90^\circ。因此三角形 AMBAMB 为等腰直角三角形,且 ABM=45\angle ABM=45^\circ。因为 B,M,DB,M,D 共线,所以圆周角 ABD=45\angle ABD=45^\circ,其所对的弧 ADAD9090^\circ。因此弦 ADAD 是内接正方形的一条边,长度为 AD=r2 AD=r\sqrt2\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Line XYXY is the perpendicular bisector of AB,AB, so MA=MB.MA=MB. Since MM lies on the semicircle with diameter AB,AB, AMB=90.\angle AMB=90^\circ. Thus triangle AMBAMB is an isosceles right triangle and ABM=45.\angle ABM=45^\circ. Because B,M,DB,M,D are collinear, the inscribed angle ABD=45,\angle ABD=45^\circ, so its intercepted arc ADAD measures 90.90^\circ. Therefore chord ADAD is a side of an inscribed square and has length AD=r2. AD=r\sqrt2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

48.

ABCABC 是圆 OO 的内接等边三角形。点 MM 在弧 BCBC 上。作直线 AMAMBMBMCMCM。则 AMAM

Let ABCABC be an equilateral triangle inscribed in circle O.O. MM is a point on arc BC.BC. Lines AM,AM, BM,BM, and CMCM are drawn. Then AMAM is:

等于 BM+CMBM+CM

equal to BM+CMBM+CM

小于 BM+CMBM+CM

less than BM+CMBM+CM

大于 BM+CMBM+CM

greater than BM+CMBM+CM

MM 的位置不同,可能等于、小于或大于 BM+CMBM+CM

equal to, less than, or greater than BM+CM,BM+CM, depending upon the position of MM

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1990
小提示:

对圆内接四边形 ABMCABMC 应用托勒密定理

Apply Ptolemy’s theorem to cyclic quadrilateral ABMCABMC

大提示:

利用 AB=BC=CAAB=BC=CA 约去公共边长

Use AB=BC=CAAB=BC=CA to cancel the common side length

解答:

在圆内接四边形 ABMCABMC 中,托勒密定理给出 AMBC=ABCM+ACBM \begin{aligned} AM\cdot BC &=AB\cdot CM\\ &\quad+AC\cdot BM \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 ABCABC 是等边三角形,所以 AB=BC=ACAB=BC=AC。两边除以这个公共长度,得到 AM=CM+BM AM=CM+BM\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

In cyclic quadrilateral ABMC,ABMC, Ptolemy’s theorem gives AMBC=ABCM+ACBM. \begin{aligned} AM\cdot BC &=AB\cdot CM\\ &\quad+AC\cdot BM. \end{aligned} Since ABCABC is equilateral, AB=BC=AC.AB=BC=AC. Dividing by this common length yields AM=CM+BM. AM=CM+BM.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

49.

一个梯形的两条平行边长为 3399,两条非平行边长为 4466。一条平行于底边的直线将梯形分成两个周长相等的梯形。每条非平行边被分割的两段之比为:

The parallel sides of a trapezoid are 33 and 9.9. The non-parallel sides are 44 and 6.6. A line parallel to the bases divides the trapezoid into two trapezoids of equal perimeters. The ratio in which each of the non-parallel sides is divided is:

4:34:3

3:23:2

4:14:1

3:13:1

6:16:1

难度评级:1830
小提示:

平行于底边的线段按相同比例分割两条腰

A segment parallel to the bases divides both legs in the same fraction

大提示:

设两条腰的上段分别为 4t4t6t6t;令两个周长相等时,公共分割线段会相消

Let the upper leg segments be 4t4t and 6t6t; the common dividing segment cancels when the two perimeters are equated

解答:

设长度为 4466 的两条腰的上段分别为 4t4t6t6t。分割线段在两个周长中各出现一次,可以相消。因此,由周长相等可得 3+4t+6t=9+4(1t)+6(1t) \begin{aligned} 3+4t+6t &=9+4(1-t)\\ &\quad+6(1-t) \end{aligned}\text{。}所以 20t=1620t=16,从而 t=45t=\frac{4}{5}。每条腰被分割的两段之比为 t:(1t)=45:15=4:1 t:(1-t)=\frac45:\frac15=4:1\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the upper pieces of the legs of lengths 44 and 66 be 4t4t and 6t,6t, respectively. The dividing segment appears once in each perimeter and cancels. Equal perimeters therefore give 3+4t+6t=9+4(1t)+6(1t). \begin{aligned} 3+4t+6t &=9+4(1-t)\\ &\quad+6(1-t). \end{aligned} Hence 20t=16,20t=16, so t=45.t=\frac{4}{5}. Each leg is divided in the ratio t:(1t)=45:15=4:1. t:(1-t)=\frac45:\frac15=4:1.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

50.

在圆 OO 中,GG 是直径 AB\overline{AB} 上的动点。作 AA\overline{AA'} 垂直于 AB\overline{AB},且长度等于 AGAG。作 BB\overline{BB'} 垂直于 AB\overline{AB},它与 AA\overline{AA'} 位于直径 AB\overline{AB} 的同一侧,且长度等于 BGBG。设 OO'AB\overline{A'B'} 的中点。当 GGAA 移动到 BB 时,点 OO'

In circle O,O, GG is a moving point on diameter AB.\overline{AB}. AA\overline{AA'} is drawn perpendicular to AB\overline{AB} and equal to AG.AG. BB\overline{BB'} is drawn perpendicular to AB,\overline{AB}, on the same side of diameter AB\overline{AB} as AA,\overline{AA'}, and equal to BG.BG. Let OO' be the midpoint of AB.\overline{A'B'}. Then, as GG moves from AA to B,B, point O:O':

沿一条平行于 ABAB 的直线移动

moves on a straight line parallel to ABAB

保持不动

remains stationary

沿一条垂直于 ABAB 的直线移动

moves on a straight line perpendicular to ABAB

沿一个与已知圆相交的小圆移动

moves in a small circle intersecting the given circle

沿一条既不是圆也不是直线的轨迹移动

follows a path which is neither a circle nor a straight line

难度评级:1790
小提示:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(L,0)B=(L,0)G=(g,0)G=(g,0)

Place A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(L,0),B=(L,0), and G=(g,0)G=(g,0)

大提示:

写出 AA'BB' 的坐标,再取其平均值

Write coordinates for AA' and BB', then average them

解答:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(L,0)B=(L,0),且 G=(g,0)G=(g,0)。在同一侧作垂线,得到 A=(0,g),B=(L,Lg) A'=(0,g),\qquad B'=(L,L-g)\text{。}它们的中点为 O=(L2,g+Lg2)=(L2,L2) \begin{aligned} O' &=\left(\frac L2,\frac{g+L-g}{2}\right)\\ &=\left(\frac L2,\frac L2\right) \end{aligned}\text{,}gg 无关。因此 OO' 保持不动。

因此,正确答案是 B

Let A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(L,0),B=(L,0), and G=(g,0).G=(g,0). The perpendicular constructions on the same side give A=(0,g),B=(L,Lg). A'=(0,g),\qquad B'=(L,L-g). Their midpoint is O=(L2,g+Lg2)=(L2,L2), \begin{aligned} O' &=\left(\frac L2,\frac{g+L-g}{2}\right)\\ &=\left(\frac L2,\frac L2\right), \end{aligned} independent of g.g. Thus OO' remains stationary.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.