1957 AMC 12 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
一个等腰但非等边的三角形中,各条高、中线和内角平分线所代表的不同直线共有:
The number of distinct lines representing the altitudes, medians, and interior angle bisectors of a triangle that is isosceles, but not equilateral, is:
小提示:
将顶角顶点所引的直线与两个底角顶点所引的直线分开考虑
Separate the line from the apex from the lines drawn from the two base vertices
大提示:
在顶角顶点,高、中线和角平分线重合;在任一底角顶点,它们都不重合
At the apex, the altitude, median, and angle bisector coincide; at either base vertex they do not
解答:
从顶角顶点引出的高、中线和角平分线是同一条直线。在两个底角顶点中的每一个处,这三条直线互不相同。因此共有 条不同的直线。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The altitude, median, and angle bisector from the apex are the same line. At each of the two base vertices, those three lines are distinct. Thus there are distinct lines.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
2.
在方程 中,根的和为 ,根的积为 。则 与 的值依次为:
In the equation the sum of the roots is and the product of the roots is Then and have the values, respectively:
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
3.
的最简形式为:
The simplest form of is:
当 时为
if
当 时为
if
,且 不受限制
with no restriction on
当 时为
if
小提示:
先合并 ,再取倒数
Combine before taking its reciprocal
大提示:
保留原式中每个分母所施加的限制
Retain every restriction imposed by the original denominator
解答:
原式要求 。对于这样的 , 因此原式等于 。限制条件 仍须保留。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The original expression requires For such Therefore the expression is The restriction remains.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
4.
使用形式为 的分配律求乘积 时,第一步是:
The first step in finding the product by use of the distributive property in the form is:
5.
利用对数运算法则, 可化简为:
Through the use of theorems on logarithms, can be reduced to:
6.
用一块 英寸乘 英寸的长方形金属片制作一个无盖盒子:从每个角剪去一个边长为 英寸的正方形,再把留下的凸出部分向上折起并焊接接缝。所得盒子的体积为:
An open box is constructed by starting with a rectangular sheet of metal in. by in. and cutting a square of side inches from each corner. The resulting projections are folded up and the seams welded. The volume of the resulting box is:
以上都不是
none of these
7.
一个等边三角形的内切圆面积为 。这个三角形的周长为:
The area of a circle inscribed in an equilateral triangle is The perimeter of this triangle is:
小提示:
利用 求内切圆半径
Use to find the inradius
大提示:
边长为 的等边三角形,其内切圆半径为
For an equilateral triangle of side the inradius is
解答:
内切圆半径满足 ,所以 。若边长为 ,则 解得 。周长为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The inradius satisfies so If is the side length, then which gives The perimeter is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
8.
数 、、 与 、、 成比例。、 与 的和为 。数 满足方程 。则 为:
The numbers are proportional to The sum of and is The number is given by the equation Then is:
9.
10.
函数 的图像具有:
The graph of has its:
最低点
lowest point at
最低点
lowest point at
最低点
lowest point at
最高点
highest point at
最高点
highest point at
小提示:
将 配方
Complete the square in
大提示:
因为平方项的系数为正,所以顶点是最低点
Because the coefficient of the square is positive, the vertex is a minimum
解答:
配方得到 平方项非负,所以图像的最低点为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Completing the square, The squared term is nonnegative, so the graph has its lowest point at
Thus, the correct answer is C.
11.
时钟在 时,时针与分针所成的角为:
The angle formed by the hands of a clock at is:
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
在 时,分针与十二点方向成
At the minute hand is at from twelve
大提示:
时针已走过从二点到三点这段 夹角的四分之一
The hour hand has advanced one quarter of the interval from two to three
解答:
分针从十二点方向顺时针转过 。时针从十二点方向转过 两针所成的较小角为 ,不在选项中。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The minute hand is clockwise from twelve. The hour hand is from twelve. Their smaller angle is which is not listed.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
12.
比较数 与 ,可知:
Comparing the numbers and we may say:
第一个数比第二个数大
the first exceeds the second by
第一个数比第二个数大
the first exceeds the second by
第一个数比第二个数大
the first exceeds the second by
第二个数是第一个数的五倍
the second is five times the first
第一个数比第二个数大
the first exceeds the second by
13.
位于 与 之间的一个有理数是:
A rational number between and is:
14.
15.
下表给出一个小球沿斜面滚动 秒后所经过的距离 ,单位为英尺。
当 时,距离 为:
The table below shows the distance in feet a ball rolls down an inclined plane in seconds.
The distance for is:
16.
金鱼每条售价 美分。表示购买 至 条金鱼所需费用的直角坐标图为:
Goldfish are sold at cents each. The rectangular coordinate graph showing the cost of to goldfish is:
一条直线段
a straight line segment
一组水平的平行线段
a set of horizontal parallel line segments
一组竖直的平行线段
a set of vertical parallel line segments
有限个互不相同的点
a finite set of distinct points
一条直线
a straight line
小提示:
判断金鱼的条数是连续变化,还是只能取整数
Decide whether the number of fish varies continuously or only through whole numbers
大提示:
从 到 的每个整数条数各对应一个费用点
There is one cost point for each integer count from through
解答:
关系 是线性的,但金鱼条数 只能是十二个整数 中的一个。因此,图像由十二个互不相同的点组成,而不是整条直线或线段。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The rule is linear, but the number of goldfish can only be one of the twelve integers The graph therefore consists of twelve distinct points, not an entire line or segment.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
17.
将十二根长 英寸的铁丝在各顶点正确焊接,制成一个立方体框架。一只苍蝇落在一个顶点上后沿棱行走,在不重复走过任何一段路的条件下,它第二次到达任一顶点之前最多能走多远?
A cube is made by soldering twelve -inch lengths of wire properly at the vertices of the cube. If a fly alights at one of the vertices and then walks along the edges, the greatest distance it could travel before coming to any vertex a second time, without retracing any distance, is:
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
英寸
in.
小提示:
一条尚未重复到达顶点的路径,至多能访问立方体的全部八个顶点
A path that never returns to a vertex can visit at most all eight cube vertices
大提示:
找出一条经过全部八个顶点的路径;它先走过七条棱,再沿下一条棱回到起点
Exhibit a path through all eight vertices, which uses seven edges before the next step returns to the starting vertex
解答:
立方体有八个顶点。一条路径可以依次访问全部八个顶点而不重复,共走过七条棱;随后从最后一个顶点沿一条棱回到起点,这次返回才是第一次重复到达顶点。因此,允许的最长路线共经过八条棱,长度为 英寸。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The cube has eight vertices. A path can visit all eight once, using seven edges, and then traverse the edge from its last vertex back to its starting vertex; the return is the first repeated vertex. Thus the greatest permitted walk uses eight edges. Its length is inches.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
18.
圆 的直径 与 互相垂直。任意弦 与 交于 。则 等于:
Circle has diameters and perpendicular to each other. is any chord intersecting at Then is equal to:
小提示:
因为 是直径,所以角 是直角
Because is a diameter, angle is a right angle
大提示:
比较直角三角形 与
Compare right triangles and
解答:
角 与 都是直角,且两个三角形共有角 。因此三角形 与 相似。由对应边可得 所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Angles and are both right angles, and the two triangles share angle Therefore triangles and are similar. Corresponding sides give Hence
Thus, the correct answer is B.
19.
十进制计数系统以十为底,例如 。二进制以二为底,其中最前面的五个正整数为 、、、、。那么二进制数 写成十进制为:
The base of the decimal number system is ten, meaning, for example, that In the binary system, which has base two, the first five positive integers are The numeral in the binary system would then be written in the decimal system as:
20.
一名男子驾车出行,去程平均速度为 英里每小时,沿原路返回时平均速度为 英里每小时。他全程的平均速度为:
A man makes a trip by automobile at an average speed of mph. He returns over the same route at an average speed of mph. His average speed for the entire trip is:
英里每小时
mph
英里每小时
mph
英里每小时
mph
英里每小时
mph
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
选取一个方便的单程距离,用总路程除以总时间
Use a convenient one-way distance and divide total distance by total time
大提示:
往返路程相等时,两种速度的算术平均数并不是全程平均速度
For equal distances the arithmetic mean of the two speeds is not the average speed
解答:
设每一程的距离为 。平均速度(单位为英里每小时)为
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let each leg have distance The average speed, in miles per hour, is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
21.
以定理“若一个三角形的两个角相等,则该三角形是等腰三角形”为出发点,并考察以下四个命题:
。若一个三角形的两个角不相等,则该三角形不是等腰三角形。
。等腰三角形的两个底角相等。
。若一个三角形不是等腰三角形,则它的两个角不相等。
。一个三角形为等腰三角形,是其两个角相等的必要条件。
下列哪组命题只包含与所给定理逻辑等价的命题?
Start with the theorem “If two angles of a triangle are equal, the triangle is isosceles,” and the following four statements:
If two angles of a triangle are not equal, the triangle is not isosceles.
The base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
If a triangle is not isosceles, then two of its angles are not equal.
A necessary condition that two angles of a triangle be equal is that the triangle be isosceles.
Which combination of statements contains only those which are logically equivalent to the given theorem?
, , ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
小提示:
将定理写成 ,并把各命题与其否命题、逆命题或逆否命题比较
Write the theorem as and compare each statement with its inverse, converse, or contrapositive
大提示:
一个命题总与其逆否命题等价,但通常不与其逆命题或否命题等价
A statement is always equivalent to its contrapositive, but not generally to its converse or inverse
解答:
令 表示两个角相等, 表示三角形为等腰三角形。命题 是逆否命题 ,所以它与 等价。命题 说 是 的必要条件,这只是 的另一种表述。命题 与 分别是否命题和逆命题。
因此,只有命题 与 等价,正确答案是 E。
Let mean that two angles are equal and that the triangle is isosceles. Statement is the contrapositive so it is equivalent to Statement says that is necessary for which is another wording of Statements and are the inverse and converse.
Thus only statements and are equivalent, so the correct answer is E.
22.
23.
方程 与 的图像交于两点。这两点之间的距离为:
The graph of and the graph of meet in two points. The distance between these two points is:
小于
less than
大于
more than
24.
用一个两位数的平方减去将其数字倒序所得两位数的平方,结果不一定能被下列哪一项整除?
If the square of a number of two digits is decreased by the square of the number formed by reversing the digits, then the result is not always divisible by:
两个数字的积
the product of the digits
两个数字的和
the sum of the digits
两个数字的差
the difference of the digits
小提示:
将原数表示为 ,倒序后的数表示为
Represent the number as and its reversal as
大提示:
将两数平方之差完全因式分解
Factor the difference of their squares completely
解答:
若两个数字为 ,则 这个结果总能被 、、两个数字的和以及两个数字的差整除,但不一定能被两个数字的积整除。例如, 不能被 整除。
因此,正确答案是 B。
If the digits are then This is always divisible by the digit sum, and the digit difference. It need not be divisible by the digit product; for example, is not divisible by
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
三角形 的三个顶点坐标为 、、,其中 、、 与 均为正数。原点与点 位于直线 的两侧。三角形 的面积可由下式求得:
The vertices of triangle have coordinates as follows: where and are positive. The origin and point lie on opposite sides of The area of triangle may be found from the expression:
小提示:
使用由坐标求三角形面积的行列式公式
Use the determinant formula for the area of a triangle from its coordinates
大提示:
两点位于直线两侧这一条件决定绝对值内的符号
The opposite-side condition determines the sign inside the absolute value
解答:
带符号的面积二倍为 直线 的方程为 。由于原点代入左边所得值小于 ,而 位于另一侧,所以 。因此面积为
因此,正确答案是 B。
The signed doubled area is The line has equation Since the origin gives a value below and is on the opposite side, Thus the area is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
26.
从三角形内部一点向三个顶点引线段。这样形成的三个三角形面积相等的充要条件是该点为:
From a point within a triangle, line segments are drawn to the vertices. A necessary and sufficient condition that the three triangles thus formed have equal areas is that the point be:
内切圆的圆心
the center of the inscribed circle
外接圆的圆心
the center of the circumscribed circle
使该点处形成的三个角都为
such that the three angles formed at the point each be
三角形三条高的交点
the intersection of the altitudes of the triangle
三角形三条中线的交点
the intersection of the medians of the triangle
小提示:
回想中线如何分割三角形的面积
Recall how the medians partition a triangle’s area
大提示:
三条中线的交点将三角形分成六个小三角形,可两两组合成三个等面积区域
The intersection of the medians divides the triangle into six small triangles paired into three equal-area regions
解答:
三条中线交于重心,并把三角形分成六个等面积的小三角形。以重心和原三角形的一条边为顶点的三个三角形,各由其中两个小三角形组成,所以面积相等。反过来,三个面积相等会给出相等的重心坐标,从而唯一确定重心。
因此,所求的充要点是三条中线的交点,正确答案是 E。
The three medians meet at the centroid and divide the triangle into six small triangles of equal area. Each of the three triangles having the centroid and one side of the original triangle consists of two of those small triangles, so their areas are equal. Conversely, equal areas give equal barycentric coordinates, which uniquely locate the centroid.
Thus, the necessary and sufficient point is the intersection of the medians, and the correct answer is E.
27.
28.
若 与 为正数,且 、,则 的值:
If and are positive and then the value of is:
取决于
dependent upon
取决于
dependent upon
取决于 与
dependent upon and
为零
zero
为一
one
小提示:
利用以 为底的对数与以 为底的幂之间的互逆关系
Use the inverse relationship between a base- logarithm and exponentiation by
大提示:
若 ,则
If then
解答:
根据对数的定义,因此,这个值取决于 ,而不取决于所选的合适底数 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
By the definition of a logarithm, Thus the value depends on not on the choice of admissible base
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
29.
关系 仅在下列情况下成立:
这里, 表示 可以取所有大于 的值以及等于 的值; 则有相应的“小于”含义。
The relation is true only for:
Here means that can take on all values greater than and the value equal to while has a corresponding meaning with “less than.”
, ,
, ,
小提示:
除 外,因子 为正
The factor is positive except at
大提示:
当变量不为零时,乘积的符号由 决定
Away from zero, the sign is controlled by
解答:
当 时,乘积为零。对于 ,因子 为正,所以乘积非负当且仅当 即 或 。再加入孤立值 ,就得到选项 D 中的集合。
因此,正确答案是 D。
At the product is zero. For the factor is positive, so the product is nonnegative exactly when or or Including the isolated value gives the set in choice D.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
30.
前 个正整数的平方和可表示为 。则 与 依次为:
The sum of the squares of the first positive integers is given by the expression if and are, respectively:
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
31.
从一个正方形的四个角剪去全等的等腰直角三角形,形成一个正八边形。若正方形的边长为一个单位,则每个小三角形的直角边长为:
A regular octagon is to be formed by cutting equal isosceles right triangles from the corners of a square. If the square has sides of one unit, the leg of each of the triangles has length:
小提示:
若每个被剪去三角形的直角边长为 ,则八边形未被剪切的水平边长为
If each cut-off leg is an uncut horizontal octagon side has length
大提示:
八边形的一条斜边就是被剪去三角形的斜边,长为 ;正八边形要求这两种边长相等
A slanted octagon side is the hypotenuse , and regularity makes these equal
解答:
设每个角上的小三角形直角边长为 。八边形的水平边和竖直边长为 ,而四条斜边长为 。因此 所以
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let be a leg of each corner triangle. The horizontal and vertical octagon sides have length while the four slanted sides have length Thus so
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
32.
下列整数中,能整除数列 、、、、、 每一项的最大整数是:
The largest of the following integers which divides each of the numbers of the sequence is:
小提示:
证明 总能被 、 和 整除
Show is always divisible by and
大提示:
利用连续因子处理 与 ,再用模 的余数处理剩余因子
Use consecutive factors for and and residues modulo for the remaining factor
解答:
因式分解得 三个连续整数中有一个能被 整除,且至少有一个是偶数,所以该式能被 整除。又因为对每个整数 都有 ,所以它也能被 整除。因此每一项都能被 整除。取 时,,所以选项中没有更大的整数能整除每一项。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Factor Among three consecutive integers, one is divisible by and at least one is even, so the expression is divisible by Also for every integer so it is divisible by Hence every term is divisible by Taking gives so no larger listed integer can divide every term.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
33.
34.
满足方程组 、 的点组成下列哪种集合?其中符号“”表示“小于”。
The points that satisfy the system where the symbol “” means “less than,” constitute the following set:
只有两个点
only two points
一段圆弧
an arc of a circle
不包含端点的一条直线段
a straight line segment not including the end-points
包含端点的一条直线段
a straight line segment including the end-points
一个点
a single point
小提示:
将 解释为一个圆的内部
Interpret as the interior of a circle
大提示:
求该开圆盘与直线 的交集
Intersect that open disk with the line
解答:
该不等式描述以原点为圆心、半径为 的圆内部的开圆盘。直线 与圆相交于两点。直线在圆盘内的部分是两交点之间的线段,但严格不等式排除了两个端点。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The inequality describes the open disk inside the circle of radius centered at the origin. The line crosses the circle in two points. Its portion inside the disk is the segment between those points, but the strict inequality excludes the endpoints.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
35.
直角三角形 的边 被分成 等份。从七个分点分别向 作平行于 的线段。若 ,则这七条线段的长度之和:
Side of right triangle is divided into equal parts. Seven line segments parallel to are drawn to from the points of division. If then the sum of the lengths of the seven line segments:
无法由已知条件求出
cannot be found from the given information
为
is
为
is
为
is
为
is
小提示:
每个以 为顶点的小三角形都与三角形 相似
Each small triangle with vertex is similar to triangle
大提示:
七条平行线段的长度为
The seven parallel lengths are
解答:
由相似性可知,当 时,第 个分点处的线段长为 。它们的和为
因此,正确答案是 D。
By similarity, the segment at the th division point has length for Their sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
36.
若 ,则 的最大值为:
If then the largest value of is:
一个约为 的无理数
an irrational number about
37.
38.
用一个两位数 减去数字倒序所得的数,结果是一个正的完全立方数。则:
From a two-digit number we subtract the number with the digits reversed and find that the result is a positive perfect cube. Then:
的个位不能是
cannot end in
的个位可以是除 外的任意数字
can end in any digit other than
这样的 不存在
does not exist
恰有 个 值
there are exactly values for
恰有 个 值
there are exactly values for
小提示:
若两个数字满足 ,则原数与倒序数之差为
If the digits are the difference from the reversal is
大提示:
差至多为 ,所以检查不大于 的正完全立方数
The difference is at most so test the positive cubes no larger than
解答:
写成 ,正的差为 它至多为 。在 、、 和 中,只有 能被 整除,所以 。数字对为 因而恰有七个 值。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Writing the positive difference is It is at most Among and only is divisible by so The digit pairs are giving exactly seven values of
Thus, the correct answer is D.
39.
两名男子同时从相距 英里的 与 两地出发,相向而行。第一人的速度为 英里每小时。第二人第一小时走 英里,第二小时走 英里,第三小时走 英里,此后每小时路程按等差数列递增。两人将:
Two men set out at the same time to walk towards each other from and miles apart. The first man walks at the rate of mph. The second man walks miles the first hour, miles the second hour, miles the third hour, and so on in arithmetic progression. Then the men will meet:
在 小时后相遇
in hours
在 小时后相遇
in hours
在离 比离 更近的地方相遇
nearer than
在离 比离 更近的地方相遇
nearer than
在 与 的中点相遇
midway between and
小提示:
经过整整 小时后,用等差数列求和计算第二人每小时路程之和
After whole hours, sum the second man’s hourly distances as an arithmetic progression
大提示:
令该和加上 等于
Set that sum plus equal to
解答:
在 小时内,第二人每小时走过的路程组成首项为 、末项为 的等差数列。他走过的路程为 两人合计走过 即 。正根为 。此时第一人走了 英里,恰为原距离的一半。
因此,正确答案是 E。
In hours, the second man’s hourly distances form an arithmetic progression with first term and last term His distance is Together the men cover or The positive root is The first man then walks miles, exactly half the original distance.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
40.
若抛物线 的顶点在 轴上,则 必须是:
If the parabola has its vertex on the -axis, then must be:
正整数
a positive integer
正有理数或负有理数
a positive or a negative rational number
正有理数
a positive rational number
正无理数或负无理数
a positive or a negative irrational number
负无理数
a negative irrational number
小提示:
顶点在 轴上的抛物线具有重根
A parabola whose vertex lies on the -axis has a repeated root
大提示:
令 的判别式等于零
Set the discriminant of equal to zero
解答:
顶点在 轴上,当且仅当该二次方程有一个重根。其判别式必须满足 因此 ,是正无理数或负无理数。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The vertex lies on the -axis exactly when the quadratic has one repeated root. Its discriminant must satisfy Hence a positive or negative irrational number.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
41.
给定方程组
当 取下列哪个值时,这个方程组没有关于 与 的解?
Given the system of equations
For which one of the following values of is there no solution for and
小提示:
当系数行列式为零时,一个 方程组可能没有唯一解
A system can fail to have a unique solution when its coefficient determinant is zero
大提示:
计算
Compute
解答:
系数行列式为 当 时,它等于零。对这两个值中的任一个,两个系数行成比例,但右端的两个数不满足相同比例,所以方程组不相容。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The coefficient determinant is It vanishes when For either value, the two coefficient rows are proportional but the two right sides are not in the same ratio, so the system is inconsistent.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
42.
若 ,其中 ,且 为整数,则 可能具有的不同值共有:
If where and is an integer, then the total number of possible distinct values for is:
多于
more than
小提示:
的幂以四为周期重复
Powers of repeat with period four
大提示:
对 模 的每个余数类各检查一个代表
Check one representative of each residue class of modulo
解答:
若 为偶数,则 为 或 ,且等于其倒数,所以 或 。若 为奇数,则两项按某种顺序分别为 与 ,所以 。因此,不同的值为 共三个。
因此,正确答案是 C。
If is even, is or and equals its reciprocal, so or If is odd, the two terms are and in some order, so Thus the distinct values are three values.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
43.
我们把坐标均为整数(允许为零)的点定义为格点。由 轴、直线 和抛物线 围成的区域内部及边界上的格点数为:
We define a lattice point as a point whose coordinates are integers, zero admitted. Then the number of lattice points on the boundary and inside the region bounded by the -axis, the line and the parabola is:
不是有限数
not finite
小提示:
只会出现整数 坐标 、、、 和
Only the integer -coordinates and occur
大提示:
对固定的整数 ,统计从 到 的整数 值
For a fixed integer count the integer -values from through
解答:
对于 、、、 和 中的每个 ,从 到 共有 个整数值。因此格点数为
因此,正确答案是 B。
For each among and there are integer values from through Therefore the number of lattice points is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
44.
在三角形 中,,且 。则 为:
In triangle and Then is:
小提示:
因为 ,所以三角形 为等腰三角形
Because triangle is isosceles
大提示:
用 与 表示
Express using and
解答:
令 、,且 。因为 在 上,所以作为三角形 的一个外角,由于 ,三角形 为等腰三角形,所以 。而 。因此 所以 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let and Since lies on as an exterior angle of triangle Because triangle is isosceles, so But Hence so and
Thus, the correct answer is E.
45.
若两个实数 与 满足方程 ,则:
If two real numbers and satisfy the equation then:
或 ,其中 表示 可以取任意大于 或等于 的值
or where means that can take any value greater than or equal to
可以等于
can equal
与 必须都是无理数
both and must be irrational
与 不能同时为整数
and cannot both be integers
与 必须都是有理数
both and must be rational
小提示:
清除分母,并把结果看作关于 的二次方程
Clear the denominator and regard the result as a quadratic equation in
大提示:
要使 为实数,判别式 必须非负
Real requires the discriminant to be nonnegative
解答:
因为 ,两边乘以 ,得到 即 。要使 为实数,判别式必须满足 因此 或 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Since multiplying by gives or For a real value of its discriminant must satisfy Thus or
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
46.
圆内两条互相垂直的弦相交。一条弦被分成长度为 与 的两段,另一条弦被分成长度为 与 的两段。则圆的直径为:
Two perpendicular chords intersect in a circle. The segments of one chord are and the segments of the other are and Then the diameter of the circle is:
小提示:
将两弦交点置于原点,并将两条垂直的弦置于坐标轴上
Place the chord intersection at the origin and the perpendicular chords on the coordinate axes
大提示:
圆心位于两条弦的垂直平分线上
The circle’s center lies on both chord perpendicular bisectors
解答:
将交点置于 ,四个端点为 、、 和 。两条弦的垂直平分线分别为 与 ,所以圆心为 。使用端点 ,得到 因此直径为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Place the intersection at with endpoints and The perpendicular bisectors of the chords are and so the center is Using the endpoint Therefore the diameter is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
47.
在圆 中,半径 的中点为 ;在 处,。以 为直径的半圆与 交于 。直线 与圆 交于 ,直线 与圆 交于 。作直线 。若圆 的半径为 ,则 为:
In circle the midpoint of radius is at The semicircle with as diameter intersects in Line intersects circle in and line intersects circle in Line is drawn. Then, if the radius of circle is is:
不是某个内接正多边形的一条边
not a side of an inscribed regular polygon
小提示:
因为 垂直平分 ,比较 与
Since perpendicularly bisects compare and
大提示:
利用半圆求出 ,再利用 、、 共线
Use the semicircle to find then use that and are collinear
解答:
直线 是 的垂直平分线,所以 。因为 在以 为直径的半圆上,所以 。因此三角形 为等腰直角三角形,且 。因为 共线,所以圆周角 ,其所对的弧 为 。因此弦 是内接正方形的一条边,长度为
因此,正确答案是 A。
Line is the perpendicular bisector of so Since lies on the semicircle with diameter Thus triangle is an isosceles right triangle and Because are collinear, the inscribed angle so its intercepted arc measures Therefore chord is a side of an inscribed square and has length
Thus, the correct answer is A.
48.
设 是圆 的内接等边三角形。点 在弧 上。作直线 、 与 。则 :
Let be an equilateral triangle inscribed in circle is a point on arc Lines and are drawn. Then is:
等于
equal to
小于
less than
大于
greater than
随 的位置不同,可能等于、小于或大于
equal to, less than, or greater than depending upon the position of
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
对圆内接四边形 应用托勒密定理
Apply Ptolemy’s theorem to cyclic quadrilateral
大提示:
利用 约去公共边长
Use to cancel the common side length
解答:
在圆内接四边形 中,托勒密定理给出 因为 是等边三角形,所以 。两边除以这个公共长度,得到
因此,正确答案是 A。
In cyclic quadrilateral Ptolemy’s theorem gives Since is equilateral, Dividing by this common length yields
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
49.
一个梯形的两条平行边长为 与 ,两条非平行边长为 与 。一条平行于底边的直线将梯形分成两个周长相等的梯形。每条非平行边被分割的两段之比为:
The parallel sides of a trapezoid are and The non-parallel sides are and A line parallel to the bases divides the trapezoid into two trapezoids of equal perimeters. The ratio in which each of the non-parallel sides is divided is:
小提示:
平行于底边的线段按相同比例分割两条腰
A segment parallel to the bases divides both legs in the same fraction
大提示:
设两条腰的上段分别为 与 ;令两个周长相等时,公共分割线段会相消
Let the upper leg segments be and ; the common dividing segment cancels when the two perimeters are equated
解答:
设长度为 与 的两条腰的上段分别为 与 。分割线段在两个周长中各出现一次,可以相消。因此,由周长相等可得 所以 ,从而 。每条腰被分割的两段之比为
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the upper pieces of the legs of lengths and be and respectively. The dividing segment appears once in each perimeter and cancels. Equal perimeters therefore give Hence so Each leg is divided in the ratio
Thus, the correct answer is C.
50.
在圆 中, 是直径 上的动点。作 垂直于 ,且长度等于 。作 垂直于 ,它与 位于直径 的同一侧,且长度等于 。设 为 的中点。当 从 移动到 时,点 :
In circle is a moving point on diameter is drawn perpendicular to and equal to is drawn perpendicular to on the same side of diameter as and equal to Let be the midpoint of Then, as moves from to point
沿一条平行于 的直线移动
moves on a straight line parallel to
保持不动
remains stationary
沿一条垂直于 的直线移动
moves on a straight line perpendicular to
沿一个与已知圆相交的小圆移动
moves in a small circle intersecting the given circle
沿一条既不是圆也不是直线的轨迹移动
follows a path which is neither a circle nor a straight line
小提示:
令 、、
Place and
大提示:
写出 与 的坐标,再取其平均值
Write coordinates for and , then average them
解答:
令 、,且 。在同一侧作垂线,得到 它们的中点为 与 无关。因此 保持不动。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let and The perpendicular constructions on the same side give Their midpoint is independent of Thus remains stationary.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.