1961 AMC 12 第 38 题

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38.

三角形 ABCABC 内接于半径为 rr 的半圆,且其底边 ABAB 与直径 ABAB 重合。点 CC 不与 AABB 重合。令 s=AC+BCs=AC+BC。则对于 CC 的所有允许位置:

Triangle ABCABC is inscribed in a semicircle of radius rr so that its base ABAB coincides with diameter AB.AB. Point CC does not coincide with either AA or B.B. Let s=AC+BC.s=AC+BC. Then, for all permissible positions of C:C:

s28r2s^2\le8r^2

s2=8r2s^2=8r^2

s28r2s^2\ge8r^2

s24r2s^2\le4r^2

s2=4r2s^2=4r^2

答案:A
知识点:圆周角直角三角形柯西-施瓦茨不等式
难度评级:1300
小提示:

直径所对的圆周角是直角

The angle subtended by the diameter is a right angle

大提示:

若两条直角边为 ppqq,比较 (p+q)2(p+q)^22(p2+q2)2(p^2+q^2)

If the legs are pp and q,q, compare (p+q)2(p+q)^2 with 2(p2+q2)2(p^2+q^2)

解答:

由泰勒斯定理,ABCABCCC 处为直角。令 p=ACp=ACq=BCq=BC。则 p2+q2=AB2=4r2 p^2+q^2=AB^2=4r^2\text{。} 因为 (pq)20(p-q)^2\ge0,所以 2pqp2+q22pq\le p^2+q^2。因此 s2=(p+q)22(p2+q2)=8r2 s^2=(p+q)^2\le2(p^2+q^2)=8r^2\text{。}

所以,正确答案是 A

By Thales’ theorem, ABCABC is right at C.C. Put p=ACp=AC and q=BC.q=BC. Then p2+q2=AB2=4r2. p^2+q^2=AB^2=4r^2. Since (pq)20,(p-q)^2\ge0, we have 2pqp2+q2.2pq\le p^2+q^2. Therefore s2=(p+q)22(p2+q2)=8r2. s^2=(p+q)^2\le2(p^2+q^2)=8r^2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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