1961 AMC 12 真题
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1.
化简 ,结果为:
When simplified, becomes:
2.
一辆汽车在 秒内行驶 英尺。若以此速度行驶 分钟,它在这 分钟内共行驶多少码?
An automobile travels feet in seconds. If this rate is maintained for minutes, how many yards does it travel in the minutes?
小提示:
将 分钟换算成秒
Convert minutes to seconds
大提示:
求出以英尺计的路程后,再除以 换算成码
After finding the distance in feet, divide by to convert to yards
解答:
汽车的速度为每秒 英尺。在 秒内,汽车行驶 英尺,也就是 码。
所以,正确答案是 E。
The speed is feet per second. In seconds the automobile travels feet, or yards.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
3.
若 与 的图像垂直相交,则 的值为:
If the graphs of and are to meet at right angles, the value of is:
4.
将由正整数的平方组成的集合记为 ;也就是说, 是集合 、、、。若对集合中的一个或多个元素进行某种运算,所得结果总仍属于该集合,就称该集合对这种运算封闭。那么 对下列哪种运算封闭?
Let the set consisting of the squares of the positive integers be called thus is the set If a certain operation on one or more members of the set always yields a member of the set, we say that the set is closed under that operation. Then is closed under:
加法
addition
乘法
multiplication
除法
division
开正整数次方根
extraction of a positive integral root
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
用任意平方数 和 检验每种运算
Test each operation on arbitrary squares and
大提示:
两个平方数的乘积可以立即写成平方的形式
The product of two squares has an immediate square form
解答:
对于正整数 , 它仍是一个正整数的平方。其他运算均不满足,例如 以及 。
所以,正确答案是 B。
For positive integers which is again the square of a positive integer. The other operations fail, for example and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
5.
6.
7.
展开式 的第三项化简后为:
When simplified, the third term in the expansion of is:
8.
设三角形的两个底角为 和 ,且 大于 。底边上的高将顶角 分成 和 两部分,其中 与边 相邻。则:
Let the two base angles of a triangle be and with larger than The altitude to the base divides the vertex angle into two parts, and with adjacent to side Then:
小提示:
这条高形成两个直角三角形
The altitude creates two right triangles
大提示:
将 的两部分分别表示为对应底角的余角
Express each part of as a complement of the opposite base angle
解答:
由两个直角三角形可得 用第一个关系式减去第二个关系式,得到 。
所以,正确答案是 B。
The two right triangles give Subtracting the second relation from the first gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
9.
将 的底数和指数都加倍,所得结果记为 ,其中 。若 等于 与 的乘积,则 等于:
Let be the result of doubling both the base and the exponent of If equals the product of by then equals:
10.
三角形 的每条边长均为 个单位。由 向 作垂线,垂足为 ,且 是 的中点。以同一单位计, 的长度为:
Each side of triangle is units. is the foot of the perpendicular dropped from on and is the midpoint of The length of in the same unit, is:
11.
从圆外一点 向圆作两条切线,切点分别为 和 。第三条切线与线段 交于 ,与 交于 ,并与圆相切于 。若 ,则三角形 的周长为:
Two tangents are drawn to a circle from an exterior point they touch the circle at points and respectively. A third tangent intersects segment in and in and touches the circle at If then the perimeter of triangle is:
无法由已知信息确定
not determined by the given information
小提示:
从同一圆外点引出的两条切线段长度相等
Tangent segments from the same exterior point have equal lengths
大提示:
在周长中用 代替 ,用 代替
Replace by and by in the perimeter
解答:
由切线段相等可得 且 。因此 又因为 ,所以周长为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Equal tangent segments give and Thus Also so the perimeter is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
12.
一个等比数列的前三项为 、、。求第四项。
The first three terms of a geometric progression are Find the fourth term.
小提示:
将每个根式写成 的幂
Write each radical as a power of
大提示:
检查相邻指数之间的差
Check the differences between the successive exponents
解答:
各项的指数为 、、。每一项都是前一项乘以 得到的,所以后一项的指数为 。第四项是 。
所以,正确答案是 A。
The exponents are and Each term is obtained by multiplying by so the next exponent is The fourth term is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
13.
符号 表示:当 为正数或零时取 ,当 为负数时取 。对于 的所有实数值,表达式 等于:
The symbol means if is a positive number or zero, and if is a negative number. For all real values of the expression is equal to:
14.
一个菱形的一条对角线长度是另一条的两倍。用 表示该菱形的边长,其中 是以平方英寸为单位的菱形面积。
A rhombus is given with one diagonal twice the length of the other diagonal. Express the side of the rhombus in terms of where is the area of the rhombus in square inches.
以上都不正确
none of these are correct
小提示:
设两条对角线为 和 ,再使用菱形面积公式
Let the diagonals be and , then use the rhombus area formula
大提示:
两条半对角线构成直角三角形的两条直角边,其斜边就是菱形的一条边
Half-diagonals form the legs of a right triangle whose hypotenuse is a side
解答:
设两条对角线为 和 。则 。一条边的长度为 前四个选项中没有这个结果。
所以,正确答案是 E。
Let the diagonals be and Then A side has length This is not among the first four choices.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
15.
若 名工人每天工作 小时,连续工作 天,共生产 件产品,那么 名工人每天工作 小时,连续工作 天,所生产的产品件数(不一定是整数)为:
If men working hours a day for days produce articles, then the number of articles (not necessarily an integer) produced by men working hours a day for days is:
小提示:
根据第一种情况求出每工时的产量
Compute the production per man-hour from the first situation
大提示:
第二种情况共使用 个工时
The second situation uses man-hours
解答:
第一组用 个工时生产 件产品,所以每工时的产量为 件。第二组提供 个工时,因此生产 件产品。
所以,正确答案是 B。
The first group uses man-hours to make articles, so the rate is article per man-hour. The second group supplies man-hours and therefore makes articles.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
16.
将三角形的一条高 增加 。为了使新三角形的面积为原三角形面积的一半,对应底边 必须减去多少?
An altitude of a triangle is increased by a length How much must be taken from the corresponding base so that the area of the new triangle is one-half that of the original triangle?
17.
在十进制中,数 表示 。但在“数学国”,数是用 进制书写的。琼斯在那里花 个货币单位(缩写为 m.u.)购买一辆汽车。他交给售货员一张 m.u. 的钞票,并找回 m.u.。进制的底 为:
In the base ten number system the number means In the Land of Mathesis, however, numbers are written in the base Jones purchases an automobile there for monetary units (abbreviated m.u.). He gives the salesman a m.u. bill, and receives, in change, m.u. The base is:
小提示:
将 改写成 的幂
Translate into powers of
大提示:
化简所得二次方程,并注意进制底必须大于所有出现的数字
Simplify the resulting quadratic and use a base larger than every digit shown
解答:
用通常的记法,这笔交易表示为 因此 ,所以 或 。进制的底必须为正且大于 ,故 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
In ordinary notation the transaction says Thus so or A numeral base must be positive and exceed hence
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
18.
某镇人口在连续四年中的逐年变化依次为:增加 、增加 、减少 、减少 。这四年的净变化取到最接近的百分数为:
The yearly changes in the population census of a town for four consecutive years are, respectively, increase, increase, decrease, decrease. The net change over the four years, to the nearest percent, is:
19.
考虑 和 的图像。可以说:
Consider the graphs of and We may say that:
它们不相交
they do not intersect
它们恰好交于 个点
they intersect at point only
它们恰好交于 个点
they intersect at points only
它们交于有限个点,但交点数大于
they intersect at a finite number of points but greater than
它们重合
they coincide
小提示:
当 时,使用
Use for
大提示:
令两个对数的真数相等,并注意对数的定义域
Equate the logarithm arguments and respect the logarithm’s domain
解答:
在定义域 上,两式相等要求 因而 。唯一的正解是 ,所以恰有一个交点。
因此,正确答案是 B。
On the domain equality requires so The only positive solution is giving exactly one intersection.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
20.
同时满足不等式 和 的点集完全位于下列象限:
The set of points satisfying the pair of inequalities and is contained entirely in quadrants:
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
小提示:
证明每个满足条件的点都有正的 坐标
Show that every feasible point has positive
大提示:
检查满足条件的点能否具有正、负两种 坐标
Check whether feasible points can have either sign of
解答:
若 ,则 。若 ,则 。因此每个满足条件的点都位于 轴上方,同时正、负 值都能出现。该区域位于第 、 象限。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If then If then Thus every feasible point is above the -axis, while both positive and negative -values occur. The region lies in quadrants and
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
21.
三角形 的中线 和 交于 。 的中点为 。若三角形 的面积是三角形 面积的 倍,则 等于:
Medians and of triangle intersect in The midpoint of is Let the area of triangle be times the area of triangle Then equals:
小提示:
以 为原点使用坐标或向量
Use coordinates or vectors with as the origin
大提示:
点 、 和 在两条中线方向上对应简单的分数位置
Points and divide the same two median directions by simple fractions
解答:
令 、、。则 计算行列式得 而 两者之比为 。
所以,正确答案是 D。
Set and Then A determinant calculation gives while Their ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
22.
23.
点 和 都在线段 上,并位于其中点的同一侧。 以 的比内分 , 以 的比内分 。若 ,则 的长度为:
Points and are both in the line segment and on the same side of its midpoint. divides in the ratio and divides in the ratio If then the length of is:
24.
三十一本书从左到右按价格递增排列。每本书与相邻书的价格相差 。用最右端一本书的价格,顾客可以买到中间一本书和与它相邻的一本书。则:
Thirty-one books are arranged from left to right in order of increasing prices. The price of each book differs by from that of each adjacent book. For the price of the book at the extreme right a customer can buy the middle book and an adjacent one. Then:
所指的相邻书位于中间那本书的左侧
the adjacent book referred to is at the left of the middle book
中间那本书售价
the middle book sells for
最便宜的书售价
the cheapest book sells for
最贵的书售价
the most expensive book sells for
以上都不正确
none of these are correct
小提示:
设最低价格为 ,写出第 本和第 本的价格
Let the cheapest price be ; identify the th and st prices
大提示:
分别检验中间书两侧的书,并排除使价格非正的情形
Test the two books adjacent to the middle book and reject any case forcing a nonpositive price
解答:
各书价格为 、、、,中间一本的价格为 。若取右侧相邻书,则 得 ,不可能是售价。取左侧相邻书时 所以 。因此相邻书必须是左侧那一本。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The prices are and the middle price is If the right neighbor is used, then which gives impossible for a selling price. The left neighbor gives so Thus the adjacent book must be the one to the left.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
25.
三角形 是以 为底的等腰三角形。点 和 分别位于 和 上,且 。角 的度数为:
Triangle is isosceles with base Points and are respectively in and and such that The number of degrees in angle is:
无法由已知信息确定
not determined by the information given
小提示:
令 ,利用每一对相等线段构造等腰三角形
Let and use each pair of equal segments to create isosceles triangles
大提示:
在三角形 、 和 中逐步追角
Chase the angles through triangles and
解答:
令 。由 ,三角形 给出 和 。由 ,三角形 给出 ,故 。由于 共线,。再由 得 。最后, 使 的两个底角均为 ,且 因此 。
所以,正确答案是 A。
Let Since triangle gives and Since triangle gives so As are collinear, Now gives Finally makes both base angles of equal to and Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is A.
26.
某等差数列的前 项之和为 ,接下来的 项之和为 。该数列的首项为:
For a given arithmetic series the sum of the first terms is and the sum of the next terms is The first term in the series is:
27.
给定边数不同的两个等角多边形 和 ; 的每个角为 度, 的每个角为 度,其中 是大于 的整数。数对 的可能个数为:
Given two equiangular polygons and with different numbers of sides; each angle of is degrees and each angle of is degrees, where is an integer greater than The number of possibilities for the pair is:
无穷多个
infinite
有限个,但多于两个
finite, but greater than two
两个
two
一个
one
零个
zero
小提示:
等角 边形的每个角为
An equiangular -gon has angle
大提示:
用 和 限制较小的角
Use and to constrain the smaller angle
解答:
每个多边形内角至少为 ,每个凸多边形内角小于 。由于 且 ,必须有 。区间 内唯一可能的等角多边形内角是三角形的 。此时 给出 ,即正六边形的内角;更大的 不可能。因此只有一对。
所以,正确答案是 D。
Every polygon angle is at least and every convex polygon angle is less than Since and we need The only possible equiangular polygon angle in is the triangle angle Then gives the angle of a regular hexagon; larger is impossible. Hence there is one pair.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
28.
将 完全乘开后,所得乘积的个位数字为:
If is multiplied out, the units’ digit in the final product is:
小提示:
只需考虑底数的个位数字
Only the units digit of the base matters
大提示:
列出 的幂模 的四项循环
List the four-term cycle of powers of modulo
解答:
的各次幂个位数字按 、、、 循环,周期为 。由于 , 的个位数字为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Powers of have units digits in a cycle of length Since the units digit of is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
29.
设 的两根为 和 。以 和 为根的方程是:
Let the roots of be and The equation with roots and is:
30.
31.
在三角形 中, 为 。顶点 处外角的平分线与 的延长线交于 ( 位于 与 之间)。比值 为:
In triangle the ratio is The bisector of the exterior angle at intersects extended at ( is between and ). The ratio is:
32.
一个 边正多边形内接于半径为 的圆。多边形的面积为 。则 等于:
A regular polygon of sides is inscribed in a circle of radius The area of the polygon is Then equals:
33.
方程 中 和 均为整数,其解的个数为:
The number of solutions of in which and are integers, is:
多于三个,但为有限个
more than three, but finite
小提示:
将左边按平方差因式分解
Factor the left side as a difference of squares
大提示:
两个正因数的乘积为 ,且奇偶性相同
The two positive factors multiply to and have the same parity
解答:
因式分解得 首先,。若 ,则 ,而 的整数次幂不可能落在这个范围内。因此 ,两个因数都是正奇整数。因数对 、 给出 和 ,所以 。因数对 、 则要求 ,不可能。因此恰有一个解。
所以,正确答案是 B。
Factor: First, If then which is impossible for an integral power of Hence so both factors are positive odd integers. The factor pair gives and so The factor pair would require impossible. Hence there is exactly one solution.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
34.
当 取区间 中的任意值时,设分式 的所有可能值组成集合 。设 是 的最小上界, 是 的最大下界。于是可以说:
Let be the set of values assumed by the fraction when is any member of the interval Let be the least upper bound of and let be the greatest lower bound of We may then say:
属于 ,但 不属于
is in but is not in
属于 ,但 不属于
is in but is not in
和 都属于
both and are in
和 都不属于
neither nor is in
在 内外都不存在
does not exist either in or outside
小提示:
将分式改写为
Rewrite the fraction as
大提示:
求出左端点的值,并考察 增大时的极限
Evaluate the lower endpoint and examine the limit as increases
解答:
有 当 时,该值从 递增并趋近 ,但不等于 。因此 ,其最大下界 属于 ,而最小上界 不属于其中。
因此,正确答案是 A。
We have For this increases from toward without reaching Thus so its greatest lower bound belongs to while its least upper bound does not.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
35.
将数 用阶乘进制表示,即 其中 、、、、 是满足 的整数,且 表示 。求 。
The number is to be written with a factorial base of numeration, that is, where are integers such that and means Find
36.
在三角形 中,从 引出的中线垂直于从 引出的中线。若 且 ,求 的长度。
In triangle the median from is perpendicular to the median from If and find the length of
小提示:
将 置于原点,用向量表示 和
Put at the origin and represent and by vectors
大提示:
写出两条中线的方向向量,并令其点积为零
Write direction vectors for the two medians and set their dot product to zero
解答:
令 、、,其中 、,且 。从 和 引出的中线方向分别为 和 。其点积为零,故 使用 ,化简得 。所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let and with and The median directions are from and from Their dot product is zero, so Using this simplifies to Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
37.
在全程为 码的匀速赛跑中, 可领先 码, 可领先 码,且 可领先 码。则以码为单位的 等于:
In racing over a distance at uniform speed, can beat by yards, can beat by yards, and can beat by yards. Then in yards, equals:
无法由已知信息确定
not determined by the given information
38.
三角形 内接于半径为 的半圆,且其底边 与直径 重合。点 不与 或 重合。令 。则对于 的所有允许位置:
Triangle is inscribed in a semicircle of radius so that its base coincides with diameter Point does not coincide with either or Let Then, for all permissible positions of
39.
在边长为 的正方形内部或边界上任取五个点。设 是满足下述性质的最小数:从这五点中总能选出一对,使其距离小于或等于 。则 为:
Any five points are taken inside or on a square with side length Let be the smallest possible number with the property that it is always possible to select one pair of points from these five such that the distance between them is equal to or less than Then is:
小提示:
将单位正方形分成四个全等小正方形
Partition the unit square into four congruent smaller squares
大提示:
为证明界可达到,寻找使最近点对距离达到该界的五个点
To prove sharpness, look for five points whose closest-pair distance reaches the bound
解答:
将正方形分成四个边长为 的小正方形。五点中有两点落在同一小正方形内,所以它们的距离至多为其对角线 。在四个顶点和中心各放一点可以达到此界:此时最短距离为 。因此所求最小保证值是 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Divide the square into four squares of side Two of the five points lie in the same small square, so their distance is at most its diagonal, This bound is attainable by placing points at the four corners and the center: the shortest distance is then Hence the least guaranteed value is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
40.
若 ,求 的最小值。
Find the minimum value of if
小提示:
将 解释为到原点的距离
Interpret as distance from the origin
大提示:
对 应用柯西-施瓦茨不等式
Apply Cauchy-Schwarz to
解答:
由柯西-施瓦茨不等式, 因此该距离至少为 。当 与 成比例时取等号,所以最小值为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
By Cauchy-Schwarz, Thus the distance is at least Equality occurs when is proportional to so the minimum is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.