2012 AIME II 第 1 题

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1.

求正整数有序解 (m,n)(m, n) 的个数,使得 20m+12n=2012.20m + 12n = 2012.

Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integer solutions (m,n)(m, n) to the equation 20m+12n=2012.20m + 12n = 2012.

答案:34
知识点:丢番图方程模运算
难度评级:1870
解答:

两边除以 44,得到 5m+3n=5035m + 3n = 503。对 33 取模,需要 2m5032(mod3)2m \equiv 503 \equiv 2 \pmod{3},所以 m1(mod3)m \equiv 1 \pmod{3}。令 m=3k+1m = 3k + 1,其中 k0k \ge 0;则 3n=5035(3k+1)3n = 503 - 5(3k + 1) =49815k= 498 - 15k,所以 n=1665kn = 166 - 5k

当且仅当 5k1655k \le 165,也就是 k33k \le 33 时,该值为正。因此 k=0,1,,33k = 0, 1, \ldots, 33 全部可行,共有 3434 个有序数对。

Dividing by 44 gives 5m+3n=503.5m + 3n = 503. Reducing modulo 3,3, we need 2m5032(mod3),2m \equiv 503 \equiv 2 \pmod{3}, so m1(mod3).m \equiv 1 \pmod{3}. Write m=3k+1m = 3k + 1 with k0;k \ge 0; then 3n=5035(3k+1)3n = 503 - 5(3k + 1) =49815k,= 498 - 15k, so n=1665k.n = 166 - 5k.

This is positive exactly when 5k165,5k \le 165, that is k33.k \le 33. So k=0,1,,33k = 0, 1, \ldots, 33 all work, giving 3434 ordered pairs.

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