2011 AIME I 第 1 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

AA 瓶中有四升含酸量为 4545% 的溶液。BB 瓶中有五升含酸量为 4848% 的溶液。CC 瓶中有一升含酸量为 kk% 的溶液。从 CC 瓶中取出 mn\frac{m}{n} 升加入 AA 瓶,CC 瓶中剩下的溶液加入 BB 瓶。最后 AA 瓶和 BB 瓶中的溶液都含有 5050% 的酸。已知 mmnn 是互质的正整数,求 k+m+nk + m + n

Jar AA contains four liters of a solution that is 4545% acid. Jar BB contains five liters of a solution that is 4848% acid. Jar CC contains one liter of a solution that is kk% acid. From jar CC, mn\frac{m}{n} liters of the solution is added to jar AA, and the remainder of the solution in jar CC is added to jar BB. At the end both jar AA and jar BB contain solutions that are 5050% acid. Given that mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers, find k+m+n.k + m + n.

答案:85
知识点:混合问题百分数
难度评级:1950
小提示:

想象把三瓶全部混合在一起:结果是 1010 升含酸量为 5050% 的溶液,这可以确定 kk

Imagine pouring all three jars together: the result is 1010 liters that must be 5050% acid, which determines kk

大提示:

知道 kk 后,设加入 AA 瓶的量为 xx,并令 AA 瓶中的酸量等于新体积的一半

With kk known, let xx be the amount added to jar AA and set jar AA’s acid equal to half of its new volume

解答:

如果把三瓶全部混合,结果会是 1010 升含酸量为 5050% 的溶液,因为最后两瓶都是 5050% 酸。因此总酸量为 55 升,所以 4(0.45)+5(0.48)+0.01k=54(0.45) + 5(0.48) + 0.01k = 5,解得 k=80k = 80

现在设从 CC 瓶倒入 AA 瓶的量为 xx 升。AA 瓶于是有 4+x4 + x 升溶液,其中含有 1.8+0.8x1.8 + 0.8x 升酸,所以 1.8+0.8x=0.5(4+x)1.8 + 0.8x = 0.5(4 + x),得 0.3x=0.20.3x = 0.2,因此 x=23x = \frac{2}{3}

所以 m+n=2+3=5m + n = 2 + 3 = 5,并且 k+m+n=80+5=85k + m + n = 80 + 5 = 85

If all three jars were combined, the result would be 1010 liters of 5050% acid, since both final jars are 5050% acid. The total acid is therefore 55 liters, so 4(0.45)+5(0.48)+0.01k=5,4(0.45) + 5(0.48) + 0.01k = 5, which gives k=80.k = 80.

Now let xx be the number of liters poured from jar CC into jar AA. Jar AA then holds 4+x4 + x liters containing 1.8+0.8x1.8 + 0.8x liters of acid, so 1.8+0.8x=0.5(4+x),1.8 + 0.8x = 0.5(4 + x), giving 0.3x=0.2,0.3x = 0.2, so x=23.x = \frac{2}{3}.

Thus m+n=2+3=5,m + n = 2 + 3 = 5, and k+m+n=80+5=85.k + m + n = 80 + 5 = 85.

完整试卷

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