2010 AIME II 第 1 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

NN 是最大的满足下列条件的整数:它是 3636 的倍数,各位数字均为偶数且互不相同。求 NN 除以 10001000 的余数。

Let NN be the greatest integer multiple of 3636 all of whose digits are even and no two of whose digits are the same. Find the remainder when NN is divided by 1000.1000.

答案:640
知识点:整除性数字
难度评级:1890
小提示:

因为 36=4936 = 4 \cdot 9,数字和必须能被 99 整除,且最后两位组成的数必须是 44 的倍数。

Since 36=49,36 = 4 \cdot 9, the digit sum must be divisible by 99 and the last two digits must form a multiple of 44

大提示:

互不相同的偶数字只能来自 {0,2,4,6,8}\{0, 2, 4, 6, 8\},所以数字和为偶数,因此必须是 1818。使用满足条件的最大数字。

Distinct even digits come from {0,2,4,6,8},\{0, 2, 4, 6, 8\}, so the digit sum is even and hence must be 18.18. Use the largest such digits.

解答:

因为 36=4936 = 4 \cdot 9,数 NN 必须同时能被 4499 整除。它的数字是 {0,2,4,6,8}\{0, 2, 4, 6, 8\} 中互不相同的元素,这些数字总和为 2020,所以 NN 不能使用全部五个数字。数字和必须是 99 的倍数,并且是偶数,所以必须是 1818;唯一可能的数字集合是 {4,6,8}\{4, 6, 8\}{0,4,6,8}\{0, 4, 6, 8\}

{0,4,6,8}\{0, 4, 6, 8\} 组成的最大数是 86408640,末两位 404044 的倍数。所以 N=8640N = 8640,除以 10001000 的余数是 640640

Since 36=49,36 = 4 \cdot 9, the number NN must be divisible by both 44 and 9.9. Its digits are distinct members of {0,2,4,6,8},\{0, 2, 4, 6, 8\}, whose total is 20,20, so NN cannot use all five. The digit sum must be a multiple of 9,9, and being even it must be 18;18; the only such digit sets are {4,6,8}\{4, 6, 8\} and {0,4,6,8}.\{0, 4, 6, 8\}.

The largest number formed from {0,4,6,8}\{0, 4, 6, 8\} is 8640,8640, which ends in 40,40, a multiple of 4.4. So N=8640,N = 8640, and the remainder upon division by 10001000 is 640.640.

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